Analysis of specific antibody and cellular immune response to first-dose measles vaccine Edmonston-Zagreb in 9-month-old infants.

BACKGROUND: Measles vaccinations have been suggested to provide immune protection and decreased measles incidence. However, there was a limited study evaluating how the measles vaccine elicits specific immune responses. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate both humoral and cellular immunity to first-dose measles vaccine Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) in 9-month-old Indonesian infants. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted on 9-month-old infants who got the first-dose of measles vaccine EZ. Measles-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody serum levels were measured using plaque-reduction microneutralization assay. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with a measles-specific peptide to identify a cellular immune response. Quantification of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells producing interferon-gamma (IFN-É£) and interleukin 17-A (IL-17A) were conducted by flow cytometry. Humoral and cellular immune response parameters were analyzed over time. RESULTS: The prevalence of seropositivity rates was 85.8% at 1-month after vaccination and 16.67% at 6-months postvaccination. Measles-specific IgG antibodies increased significantly at 1-month after measles vaccination. However, they decreased significantly 6-months after vaccination. IFN-É£ and IL-17A secreting T-cells increased significantly at 1-month after measles vaccination. Interestingly, a significant decrease of IFN-É£ and IL-17A secreting CD4+ T cells was noticed 6-months postvaccination compared to IFN-É£ and IL-17A secreting CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the first-dose measles vaccine on 9-months-old infants seems to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses that decline 6-months after vaccination.

Extra Virgin Olive Oil Modulates Vasodilator Enzyme Level by Repairing Angiogenesis Function in Rat Model of Preeclampsia.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) on vasodilator enzyme by repairing angiogenic function in rat model of preeclampsia. Materials and methods: This research consisted of five groups; negative control (normal pregnant rats) group, positive control (preeclampsia rat model) group, preeclampsia rat model groups given EVOO in 3 different doses (0.5 ml/day, 1 ml/day, and 2 ml/day, respectively). Blood pressure measurements were carried out on day 12, 15, and 19 of pregnancy. After the rats were sacrificed, the placentas were collected to determine endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) level of maternal plasma to determine soluble Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase 1 (sFlt-1) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) level. Results: There were significant higher sFlt-1 level (p < 0.001), lower VEGF level (p = 0.009), and lower eNOS level (p = 0.034) between negative and positive control groups. After EVOO administration, sFlt-1 level was lower in dose 1 and 2 groups but higher in dose 3 group in accordance with VEGF and eNOS levels that were increasing both in dose 1 and dose 2 groups but decreasing in dose 3. There were significant differences between positive control and dose 1 (p = 0.015) and dose 2 (p = 0.001) in sFlt-1 level. None of all dose groups were statistically different with positive control group in VEGF level (dose 1 p = 0.601; dose 2 p = 0.297; dose 3 p = 0.805). eNOS levels of all dose groups were statistically different from that of the positive control group (dose 1 p = 0.014; dose 2 p = 0.001; dose 3 p = 0.024). Conclusion: Administration of EVOO modulates eNOS as vasodilator enzyme by repairing the angiogenic function indicated by decreased sFlt-1 level and increased VEGF in rat model of preeclampsia.

Protective Effect of Vitamins C and E on Depot-Medroxyprogesterone Acetate-Induced Ovarian Oxidative Stress In Vivo.

A study was designed to investigate ameliorates effect of combined vitamins C and E able to against depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate- (DMPA-) induced ovarian oxidative stress in rat. Twenty-five female Wistar rats were divided into the following groups (n = 5 rats each): control (untreated) (C); depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA); DMPA plus green vitamin C (at dose of 0.2 mg/gram; 0.4 mg/gram; 0.8 mg/gram) and vitamin E (0.04 IU/gram). The treatment with combined vitamins C and E was performed for four weeks. Analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA) level as a marker of oxidative stress was done colorimetrically. Analysis of SOD level was done by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technically. This increase in ovarium MDA was significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated by medium dose treatments of combined vitamins C and E. DMPA insignificantly decreased SOD levels compared to the untreated group. This decrease in ovarian SOD level was significantly attenuated by all doses of the combined vitamins C and E. In conclusion, DMPA induces ovarian oxidative stress. Combined vitamins C and E prohibit the increase in ovarian lipid peroxidation, at least in part by modulating of superoxide dismutase. Therefore, this may provide an antioxidant therapy for attenuating the ovarian toxicity found in the DMPA therapy.