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Metal-semiconductor junctions play an important role in the development of electronic and optoelectronic devices. A Schottky junction photodetector based on two-dimensional (2D) materials is promising for self-powered photodetection with fast response speed and large signal-to-noise ratio. However, it usually suffers from an uncontrolled Schottky barrier due to the Fermi level pinning effect arising from the interface states. In this work, all-2D Schottky junctions with near-ideal Fermi level depinning are realized, attributed to the high-quality interface between 2D semimetals and semiconductors. We further demonstrate asymmetric diodes based on multilayer graphene/MoS2/PtSe2 with a current rectification ratio exceeding 105 and an ideality factor of 1.2. Scanning photocurrent mapping shows that the photocurrent generation mechanism in the heterostructure switches from photovoltaic effect to photogating effect at varying drain biases, indicating both energy conversion and optical sensing are realized in a single device. In the photovoltaic mode, the photodetector is self-powered with a response time smaller than 100 µs under the illumination of a 405 nm laser. In the photogating mode, the photodetector exhibits a high responsivity up to 460 A/W originating from a high photogain. Finally, the photodetector is employed for single-pixel imaging, demonstrating its high-contrast photodetection ability. This work provides insight into the development of high-performance self-powered photodetectors based on 2D Schottky junctions.
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Cancer and cardiovascular diseases are major contributors to global morbidity and mortality, and their seemingly separate pathologies are intricately intertwined. In the context of cancer, the cardiovascular disease encompasses not only the side effects arising from anti-tumor treatments but also the metabolic shifts induced by oncological conditions. A growing body of research indicates that lipid metabolic reprogramming serves as a distinctive hallmark of tumors. Furthermore, anomalies in lipid metabolism play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular disease. This study delves into the cardiac implications of lipid metabolic reprogramming within the cancer context, closely examining abnormalities in lipid metabolism present in tumors, cardiac tissue, and immune cells within the microenvironment. Additionally, we examined risk factors such as obesity and anti-tumor therapy. Despite progress, a gap remains in the availability of drugs targeting lipid metabolism modulation for treating tumors and mitigating cardiac risk, with limited advancement seen in prior studies. Here, we present a review of previous research on natural drugs that exhibit both shared and distinct therapeutic effects on tumors and cardiac health by modulating lipid metabolism. Our aim is to provide insights for potential drug development.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Neoplasias , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Productos Biológicos/farmacología , Productos Biológicos/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Comorbilidad , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
BACKGROUNDS: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the common malignant tumors, with a gradually increasing incidence. Due to late detection and poor sensitivity to chemotherapy, it has become a difficult problem in tumor prevention and treatment at present. Exploring or discovering new combinations is a significant strategy for the treatment of CRC. Compound kushen injection (CKI) is a traditional Chinese medicine injection extracted from Sophora flavescens Ait. and Smilax glabra Roxb., which is widely used in the comprehensive treatment of CRC in China. This systematic review is aimed to ascertain the clinical efficacy and safety of CKI combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced CRC based on available data. On this basis, the specific application of CKI in combination with chemotherapy in clinical practice is further discussed. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journals Database, Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedicine Database Searches, the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched systematically, from inception to April 20, 2024. We adopted the ROB2 tool to assess quality of the included trials, Stata 16 for data analysis, and evaluated the publication bias with the funnel plot and Egger's test. The quality of the evidence was justified according to GRADE. We also used trial sequential analysis (TSA) to calculate the final required sample size in this meta-analysis and to verify whether the results present a reliable conclusion. The protocol for this systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022380106) and has been published. RESULTS: Sixteen trials that examined 1378 patients were included in this study. Meta-analysis revealed that compared with chemotherapy, objective response rate (ORR, RR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.18-1.44), disease control rate (DCR, RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03-1.13), and KPS score improvement rate were improved (RR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07-1.31) by the combination of CKI and chemotherapy in patients with advanced CRC. Additionally, CKI combined with chemotherapy was associated with lower adverse reactions such as leukopenia (RR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.62-0.87), thrombocytopenia (RR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.49-0.94), gastrointestinal reactions (RR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.55-0.94), and liver damage (RR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.30-0.79), higher CD4+ ratio (MD = 9.70, 95% CI:8.73-10.68) and CD4+/CD8+ ratio (MD = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.22-0.28), and lower CD8+ T cell ratio (MD = -5.25, 95% CI: -5.94 to -4.56). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that ORR and DCR in patients with advanced CRC were improved when CKI combined with FOLFOX and 5Fu + L-OHP. Both 15 and 20 ml/day of CKI combined with FOLFOX provided a significant effect in ORR. Moreover, ORR was improved when the accumulated CKI dose reached 280 ml per course and 420 ml in total. 7 days/course as well as 14 days/course of CKI combined with FOLFOX were effective durations in ORR. As for DCR, 7 days/course of CKI combined with FOLFOX could improve efficacy. Furthermore, CKI + FOLFOX may be useful in ORR and DCR for at least 4 cycles of combination therapies. The TSA showed that firm results in ORR and DCR were established and additional trials were unlikely to change the results. CONCLUSION: CKI combined with chemotherapy provides a statistically significant and clinically important effect in the improvement of ORR, DCR, performance status, ADR reduction, and immune function in patients with CRC. However, more rigorously designed, large-scale, and multi-center RCTs are needed in the future.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Medicina Tradicional China/métodos , Sophora/químicaRESUMEN
Evaluation of skin recovery is an important step in the treatment of burns. However, conventional methods only observe the surface of the skin and cannot quantify the injury volume. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive, non-contact, real-time technique. Swept source OCT uses near infrared light and analyzes the intensity of light echo at different depths to generate images from optical interference signals. To quantify the dynamic recovery of skin burns over time, laser induced skin burns in mice were evaluated using deep learning of Swept source OCT images. A laser-induced mouse skin thermal injury model was established in thirty Kunming mice, and OCT images of normal and burned areas of mouse skin were acquired at day 0, day 1, day 3, day 7, and day 14 after laser irradiation. This resulted in 7000 normal and 1400 burn B-scan images which were divided into training, validation, and test sets at 8:1.5:0.5 ratio for the normal data and 8:1:1 for the burn data. Normal images were manually annotated, and the deep learning U-Net model (verified with PSPNe and HRNet models) was used to segment the skin into three layers: the dermal epidermal layer, subcutaneous fat layer, and muscle layer. For the burn images, the models were trained to segment just the damaged area. Three-dimensional reconstruction technology was then used to reconstruct the damaged tissue and calculate the damaged tissue volume. The average IoU value and f-score of the normal tissue layer U-Net segmentation model were 0.876 and 0.934 respectively. The IoU value of the burn area segmentation model reached 0.907 and f-score value reached 0.951. Compared with manual labeling, the U-Net model was faster with higher accuracy for skin stratification. OCT and U-Net segmentation can provide rapid and accurate analysis of tissue changes and clinical guidance in the treatment of burns.
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Quemaduras , Aprendizaje Profundo , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Rayos Láser , Piel , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Animales , Quemaduras/diagnóstico por imagen , Ratones , Piel/diagnóstico por imagen , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , AlgoritmosRESUMEN
Cassava is one of the most important tropical crops, but it is seriously affected by cassava bacteria blight (CBB) caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas phaseoli pv manihotis (Xam). So far, how pathogen Xam infects and how host cassava defends during pathogen-host interaction remains elusive, restricting the prevention and control of CBB. Here, the illustration of HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90 kDa (MeHSP90.9) interacting proteins in both cassava and bacterial pathogen revealed the dual roles of MeHSP90.9 in cassava-Xam interaction. On the one hand, calmodulin-domain protein kinase 1 (MeCPK1) directly interacted with MeHSP90.9 to promote its protein phosphorylation at serine 175 residue. The protein phosphorylation of MeHSP90.9 improved the transcriptional activation of MeHSP90.9 clients (SHI-RELATED SEQUENCE 1 (MeSRS1) and MeWRKY20) to the downstream target genes (avrPphB Susceptible 3 (MePBS3) and N-aceylserotonin O-methyltransferase 2 (MeASMT2)) and immune responses. On the other hand, Xanthomonas outer protein C2 (XopC2) physically associated with MeHSP90.9 to inhibit its interaction with MeCPK1 and the corresponding protein phosphorylation by MeCPK1, so as to repress host immune responses and promote bacterial pathogen infection. In summary, these results provide new insights into genetic improvement of cassava disease resistance and extend our understanding of cassava-bacterial pathogen interaction.
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Proteínas HSP90 de Choque Térmico , Manihot , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas , Fosforilación , Proteínas HSP90 de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/inmunología , Manihot/microbiología , Manihot/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Xanthomonas/fisiología , Xanthomonas/patogenicidad , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno , Unión Proteica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Resistencia a la Enfermedad/genéticaRESUMEN
Surgery, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy have improved the overall survival and postoperative recurrence rates of Luminal A, Luminal B, and HER2-positive breast cancers but treatment modalities for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with poor prognosis remain limited. The effective application of the rapidly developing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy in hematological tumors provides new ideas for the treatment of breast cancer. Choosing suitable and specific targets is crucial for applying CAR-T therapy for breast cancer treatment. In this paper, we summarize CAR-T therapy's effective targets and potential targets in different subtypes based on the existing research progress, especially for TNBC. CAR-based immunotherapy has resulted in advancements in the treatment of breast cancer. CAR-macrophages, CAR-NK cells, and CAR-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be more effective and safer for treating solid tumors, such as breast cancer. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) of breast tumors and the side effects of CAR-T therapy pose challenges to CAR-based immunotherapy. CAR-T cells and CAR-NK cells-derived exosomes are advantageous in tumor therapy. Exosomes carrying CAR for breast cancer immunotherapy are of immense research value and may provide a treatment modality with good treatment effects. In this review, we provide an overview of the development and challenges of CAR-based immunotherapy in treating different subtypes of breast cancer and discuss the progress of CAR-expressing exosomes for breast cancer treatment. We elaborate on the development of CAR-T cells in TNBC therapy and the prospects of using CAR-macrophages, CAR-NK cells, and CAR-MSCs for treating breast cancer.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Inmunoterapia Adoptiva , Receptores Quiméricos de Antígenos , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Neoplasias de la Mama/inmunología , Exosomas/inmunología , Inmunoterapia Adoptiva/métodos , Inmunoterapia Adoptiva/efectos adversos , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/trasplante , Receptores Quiméricos de Antígenos/inmunología , Receptores Quiméricos de Antígenos/genética , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/terapia , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/inmunología , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Introduction: Compound Kushen Injection (CKI) is a traditional Chinese medicine extracted from Sophora flavescens Aiton and Heterosmilax japonica Kunth. Widely utilized in China for the comprehensive treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), this study aims to systematically assess the efficacy and safety of CKI when combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced CRC, based on available data. Methods: Randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy and safety of CKI combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced CRC will be comprehensively searched from databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, Wanfang, Chinese Biomedicine Database Searches, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and ClinicalTrials.gov until November 2022. Two independent reviewers will screen the studies, assess the risk of bias, and extract data in duplicate. The ROB2 tool will be employed to assess the quality of included studies. Stata 16 will be used for data analysis, and publication bias will be assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. The quality of evidence will be evaluated according to GRADE, and trial sequence analysis (TSA) will be utilized to calculate the final total sample size required for the meta-analysis. The results of this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The proposed review protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42022380106). Discussion: This systematic review will integrate current evidence on CKI in advanced CRC and analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of CKI combined with different chemotherapy regimens, providing valuable guidance on the use of CKI in CRC patients.
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BACKGROUND: The duration of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in high-risk stage II, low-risk stage III, and high-risk stage III colon cancer (CC) patients is controversial. To reduce the risk of adverse events (AEs) without compromising efficacy while improving chemotherapy compliance is crucial. METHODS: The authors searched Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, and Web of Science databases for articles from inception to August 8, 2023, the main outcomes were disease-free survival, overall survival, chemotherapy completion rates, and AE frequency. RESULTS: Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 10 332 patients were included. Disease-free survival analysis revealed that only the high-risk stage III CC patients experienced better results with the 6-month FOLFOX regimen when compared with the 3-month regimen [Hazard ratio (HR): 1.32, 95% CI: 1.15-1.51, P <0.0001). Overall survival (OS) analysis revealed that extending the use of FOLFOX and CAPEOX regimens did not provide survival benefits for stage III CC patients (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.9-1.49, and HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.67-1.18, P =0.40). The completion rate of the 3-month oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy regimen was significantly higher than that of the 6-month regimen [Relative risk (RR): 1.16, 95% CI: 1.06-1.27, P =0.002]. Moreover, the 3-month regimen had significantly lower AE rates than the 6-month regimen (RR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.57-0.68, P <0.00001), with differences mainly concentrated in grade 3/4 neutropenia (RR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.59-0.85, P =0.0002), peripheral sensory neuropathy at ≥grade 2 (RR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.38-0.53, P <0.00001), and hand-foot syndrome at ≥grade 2 (RR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17-0.77, P =0.009). CONCLUSION: The 6-month FOLFOX regimen should only be recommended for high-risk stage III CC, while the 3-month regimen can be recommended for other stages. A 3-month CAPEOX regimen can be recommended for stage II-III CC.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Neoplasias del Colon , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Oxaliplatino , Humanos , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Neoplasias del Colon/mortalidad , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Oxaliplatino/administración & dosificación , Oxaliplatino/efectos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Factores de Riesgo , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Fluorouracilo/efectos adversos , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Leucovorina/administración & dosificación , Leucovorina/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental endocrine disruptor (EDC), has been implicated in impairing intestinal and male reproductive dysfunction. The efficacy of gut microbiota modulation for BPA-exposed testicular dysfunction has yet to be verified through research. Therefore, this study explored the potential of mixed probiotics in restoring spermatogenesis damage through the gut-testis axis under BPA exposure. We selected two probiotics strains (Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus plantarum) with BPA removal properties in vitro and the BPA-exposed male mice model was established. The probiotics mixture effectively reduced BPA residue in the gut, serum, and testis in mice. Through 16 S rDNA-seq and metabolomics sequencing, we uncovered that vitamin D metabolism and bile acid levels in the gut was abolished under BPA exposure. This perturbation was linked to an increased abundance of Faecalibaculum and decreased abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Ligilactobacillus. The probiotics mixture restored this balance, enhancing intestinal barrier function and reducing oxidative stress. This improvement was accompanied by a restored balance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Remarkably, the probiotics ameliorated testicular dysfunction by repairing structures of seminiferous tubules and reversing arrested spermiogenesis. Further, the probiotics mixture enhanced testosterone-driven increases in spermatogonial stem cells and all stages of sperm cells. Testicular transcriptome profiling linked these improvements to fatty acid degradation and peroxisome pathways. These findings suggest a significant interplay between spermatogenesis and gut microbiota, demonstrating that probiotic intake could be a viable strategy for combating male subfertility issues caused by BPA exposure.
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Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Fenoles , Probióticos , Masculino , Ratones , Animales , Semen , Espermatogénesis , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/toxicidad , Probióticos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Probiotics hold promise as a potential therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), but encounter obstacles related to tumor specificity, drug penetration, and dosage adjustability. In this study, genetic circuits based on the E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) chassis were developed to sense indicators of tumor microenvironment and control the expression of therapeutic payloads. Integration of XOR gate amplify gene switch into EcN biosensors resulted in a 1.8-2.3-fold increase in signal output, as confirmed by mathematical model fitting. Co-culturing programmable EcNs with CRC cells demonstrated a significant reduction in cellular viability ranging from 30% to 50%. This approach was further validated in a mouse subcutaneous tumor model, revealing 47%-52% inhibition of tumor growth upon administration of therapeutic strains. Additionally, in a mouse tumorigenesis model induced by AOM and DSS, the use of synthetic bacterial consortium (SynCon) equipped with multiple sensing modules led to approximately 1.2-fold increased colon length and 2.4-fold decreased polyp count. Gut microbiota analysis suggested that SynCon maintained the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria Lactobacillaceae NK4A136, whereas reducing the level of gut inflammation-related bacteria Bacteroides. Taken together, engineered EcNs confer the advantage of specific recognition of CRC, while SynCon serves to augment the synergistic effect of this approach.
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Colitis , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Animales , Ratones , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/microbiología , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Escherichia coli/genética , Inflamación , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
DNA hydrogels with unique sequence programmability on nucleic acid framework manifest remarkable attributes, such as high payload capacities, biocompatibility and biosafety. The availability of DNA nanogels with multimodal functionalities remains limited due to the absence of facile gelation methods applicable at the nanometer scale. Here, we developed a one-step assembly of DNA dendrimers into nanogels (DNG) with couple hundred nanometers size. DNG showed robust stability against physical forces and biological degradation for easy purification and sustainable drug release. Long-term stability either in powder or aqueous solution endows DNG easy for shipping, handling and storage. By encoding dual functionalities into separate branches on DNA dendrimers, DNG can accommodate chemodrugs and aptamers with distinctive loading moduli. DNG significantly enhanced the drug efficacy against cancerous cells while minimizing cytotoxicity towards somatic cells, as demonstrated in vitro and in xenografted mice models of breast cancer. Thus, due to their facile assembly and storage, bi-entity encoding, and inherent biocompatibility, DNG exhibits immense prospects as nanoscale vesicles for the synergistic delivery of multimodal theranostics in anticancer treatments. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: DNA nanogels were self-assembled via a facile protocol utilizing a DNA dendrimer structure. These nanogels displayed robust stability against physical forces, permitting long term storage in concentrated solutions or as a powder. Furthermore, they exhibited resilience to biological degradation, facilitating sustained drug release. The bi-entity encoded dendritic branches conferred dual functionalities, enabling both chemodrug encapsulation and the presentation of aptamers as targeting motifs. In vivo investigations confirmed the nanogels provide high efficacy in tumor targeting and chemotherapy with enhanced drug efficacy and reduced side effects.
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Antineoplásicos , Dendrímeros , Animales , Ratones , Nanogeles , Doxorrubicina/química , Dendrímeros/química , Polvos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Antineoplásicos/química , ADN , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Liberación de FármacosRESUMEN
Traditional Chinese medicine is an important part of complementary alternative medicine. Jiedu Qingjin formula (JDQJF) is an effective national invention patent for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the molecular biological mechanisms based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. Compounds of JDQJF were screened through the TCMSP, ETCM, and literature. Targets were searched by DrugBank and predicted by SwissTargetPrediction. GEO database was applied for screening differentially expressed genes between cancerous tissues and healthy tissues of NSCLC. Subsequently, the protein-protein interaction between JDQJF and NSCLC were obtained by Cytoscape. Visual analyses were carried out to extract candidate genes, then subjected to Metascape for enrichment analyses. Finally, molecular docking was performed by AutoDock, and the best complexes were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation and binding energy calculations by MMPBSA. A total of 273 compounds, 390 targets, 3146 GO terms, and 174 KEGG pathways were obtained. Five potential compounds (quercetin, adenosine, apigenin, heptadecanoic acid, and luteolin) were notably modulated by key targets AKT1, MAPK3, and RAF1. Enrichment results included cell cycle process, growth transduction factor, immune response-activating transduction, and involved PI3K/AKT, MAPK, NF-κB and VEGF pathway. RAF1-quercetin showed the highest binding affinity (-9.1 kcal/mol), revealed stable interactions during the simulation, and the highest estimated relative binding energy of the RAF1-Heptadecanoic was -184.277 kcal/mol. This study suggested that EMT-related, inflammation-related, immune-related, and angiogenesis-related pathways may be associated with JDQJF, and involved in the advancement of NSCLC, which points out the research direction for subsequent utility mechanism validation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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INTRODUCTION: Despite radiotherapy being one of the major treatments for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), new molecular targets for its treatment are still required due to radioresistance. CDK2 plays a critical role in TNBC. However, the mechanism by which CDK2 promotes TNBC radioresistance remains to be clearly elucidated. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to elucidate the relationship between CDK2 and TRIM32 and the regulation mechanism in TNBC. METHODS: We performed immunohistochemical staining to detect nuclear TRIM32, CDK2 and STAT3 on TNBC tissues. Western blot assays and PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA level changes. CRISPR/Cas9 used to knock out CDK2. shRNA-knockdown and transfection assays also used to knock out target genes. GST pull-down analysis, immunoprecipitation (IP) assay and in vitro isomerization analysis also used. Tumorigenesis studies also used to verify the results in vitro. RESULTS: Herein, tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32) is revealed as a substrate of CDK2. Radiotherapy promotes the binding of CDK2 and TRIM32, thus leading to increased CDK2-dependent phosphorylation of TRIM32 at serines 328 and 339. This causes the recruitment of PIN1, involved in cis-trans isomerization of TRIM32, resulting in importin α3 binding to TRIM32 and contributing to its nuclear translocation. Nuclear TRIM32 inhibits TC45-dephosphorylated STAT3, Leading to increased transcription of STAT3 and radioresistance in TNBC. These results were validated by clinical prognosis confirmed by the correlative expressions of the critical components of the CDK2/TRIM32/STAT3 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that regulating the CDK2/TRIM32/STAT3 pathway is a promising strategy for reducing radioresistance in TNBC.
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We have synthesized a series of Ni-doped layered oxyselenides Bi2YO4Cu2-xNixSe2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4). The crystal structure and physical properties were studied through X-ray diffraction, and electric and thermo transport measurements. We also performed DFT calculations to study the electric structure of the designed Bi2YO4Ni2Se2, which is similar to that of KNi2Se2.
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Doxorubicin (DOX), a broad-spectrum chemotherapy drug, is widely applied to the treatment of cancer; however, DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) limits its clinical therapeutic utility. However, it is difficult to monitor and detect DIC at an early stage using conventional detection methods. Thus, sensitive, accurate, and specific methods of diagnosis and treatment are important in clinical practice. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and are stable and easy to detect. Moreover, miRNAs are expected to become biomarkers and therapeutic targets for DIC; thus, there are currently many studies focusing on the role of miRNAs in DIC. In this review, we list the prominent studies on the diagnosis and treatment of miRNAs in DIC, explore the feasibility and difficulties of using miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and provide recommendations for future research.
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MicroARNs , Neoplasias , Humanos , MicroARNs/genética , Cardiotoxicidad/diagnóstico , Cardiotoxicidad/genética , Cardiotoxicidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Doxorrubicina/efectos adversos , Biomarcadores , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/genética , Miocitos CardíacosRESUMEN
Owing to its difficulty in degrading and ease of accumulation in the body, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has a detrimental effect on reproduction. This study aimed to examine the effect of PFOA concentration in follicular fluid during ovulation stimulation on embryo quality and the impact of PFOA exposure on the metabolic components of follicular fluid. This was a single-center prospective study that included 25 patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), 25 with normal ovarian reserve (NOR), and 25 with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Follicular fluid samples were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We demonstrated that the PFOA levels of follicular fluid in the DOR group were higher than those in the NOR group and PCOS group (P < 0.05). PFOA concentration in the PCOS group was negatively correlated with high-quality embryos (P < 0.05). To gain more insight into the impact of PFOA on the metabolic composition of follicular fluid, we classified the DOR group based on the PFOA concentration, for which metabolomic analysis was performed. In the high-concentration PFOA group, there was an increase and a decrease in three and nine metabolites, respectively, compared to that in the low-concentration group. These results suggest that PFOA may alter the metabolic composition of follicular fluid, thus, affecting ovarian reserve function.
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Reserva Ovárica , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico , Femenino , Humanos , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/metabolismo , Estudios Prospectivos , Reserva Ovárica/fisiología , Líquido Folicular/metabolismo , Fertilización In VitroRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Brain metastasis (BM) is a significant risk factor for survival and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While surgical resection and radiotherapy are the primary treatment modalities, the overall prognosis in NSCLC patients with BM remains poor, and all therapies lead to adverse events. East Asian herbal medicine (EAHM) has broad prospects as an adjuvant treatment, but its efficacy and safety remain controversial. We propose to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the clinical efficacy and safety of EAHM for the treatment of NSCLC with BMs and to identify specific herbs that can improve the prognosis. METHODS: The PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Evidence Reports on Kampo Treatment, ICHUSHI, and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System databases will be searched from their inception to October 2022. Randomized controlled trials will be included. Two authors will evaluate the eligibility and quality of the included trials. The methodological quality will be assessed using the RoB 2 tool, and Stata 16 will be used for data synthesis. Publication bias will be assessed using funnel plots and Egger tests. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) system will evaluate the quality of the synthesized evidence. Further sensitivity analyses will be performed to determine the efficacies of specific herbs in EAHM. DISCUSSION: Given there are currently no systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the efficacy of EAHM as a treatment for NSCLC with BMs, a compilation and analysis of the available high-quality clinical research evidence are essential. The results will help establish guidelines for the application of specific herbs as a complementary alternative therapy for BMs in NSCLC. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022300527.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Medicina Tradicional de Asia Oriental , Humanos , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundario , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Medicina Tradicional de Asia Oriental/efectos adversos , Metaanálisis como Asunto , Revisiones Sistemáticas como Asunto , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
IMPORTANCE: The necessity of progesterone supplementation for luteal phase support (LPS) in natural cycle frozen embryo transfer (NC-FET) cycles warrants further confirmation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of progesterone supplementation for LPS on the reproductive outcomes of patients undergoing NC-FET cycles. DATA SOURCES: The PubMed, Ovid-Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM were electronically searched. The search time frame was from inception up to September 2022. STUDY SELECTION AND SYNTHESIS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used progesterone for LPS in NC-FET cycles, including true NC-FET cycles (tNC-FET) and modified NC-FET cycles (mNC-FET), were included. The counted data were analyzed using relative risk (RR) as the effect-size statistic, and each effect size was assigned its 95% confidence interval (CI). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes were the live birth rate (LBR) and the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), and the secondary outcome was the miscarriage rate. RESULTS: Four RCTs were included, which involved 1116 participants. The results of the meta-analysis showed that progesterone supplementation was associated with increased LBR (RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.15-1.75; I2 = 0%, moderate-quality evidence) and CPR (RR, 1.30, 95% CI, 1.07-1.57; I2 = 0%, moderate-quality evidence) in patients undergoing NC-FET cycles. Subgroup analysis showed that progesterone supplementation was associated with higher LBR and CPR in tNC-FET cycles. However, no association was found between increased LBR and CPR in mNC-FET cycles. In addition, only one RCT reported that oral dydrogesterone had similar CPR and miscarriage rate compared with vaginal progesterone in mNC-FET cycles. CONCLUSION(S): Overall, moderate-quality evidence suggested that progesterone supplementation for LPS was associated with increased LBR and CPR in NC-FET cycles. Progesterone supplementation was associated with a higher LBR and CPR in tNC-FET cycles. However, the effectiveness of progesterone supplementation in mNC-FET cycles should be further verified by larger RCTs. Low to very low-quality evidence indicated that oral dydrogesterone and vaginal progesterone have similar reproductive outcomes in mNC-FET cycles, which requires further study, especially in tNC-FET cycles. REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42022355550 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=355550) was registered on September 3, 2022.
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Aborto Espontáneo , Progesterona , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Progesterona/farmacología , Fase Luteínica , Aborto Espontáneo/epidemiología , Aborto Espontáneo/etiología , Didrogesterona , Índice de Embarazo , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Transferencia de Embrión/métodos , Suplementos DietéticosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the reproductive outcomes of natural pregnancy after hysteroscopic septum resection in patients with recurrent miscarriage, primary infertility, or secondary infertility. DATA SOURCES: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) databases were electronically searched. The search time frame was from inception up to July 2021. The English search terms were (arcuate* and uter*), (sept* and uter*), (subseptate* and uter*), metroplast*, septoplast*, and resect*. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Selection criteria included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case series that explored reproductive outcomes after hysteroscopic septum resection in patients with recurrent miscarriage, primary infertility, or secondary infertility with or without a control group. METHODS: The primary outcomes were the live birth rate and eventual postoperative live birth rate after hysteroscopic septum resection. The secondary outcomes were the clinical pregnancy rate, preterm birth rate, and miscarriage rate. Study-level proportions of outcomes were transformed using the Freeman-Tukey double-arcsine transformation to calculate pooled values for the postoperative rates; the counted data were analyzed using relative risk as the effect analysis statistic, and each effect size was provided with its 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity between the results of the included studies was analyzed using the I2 test. RESULTS: Overall, 5 cohort studies and 22 case series involving 1506 patients were included. In patients with a septate uterus and recurrent miscarriage, hysteroscopic septum resection was associated with an increased live birth rate (relative risk, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-2.49; P=.001; I2=0%), resulting in a postoperative live birth rate of 66% (95% confidence interval, 59-72), and septum resection was associated with a reduced preterm birth rate (relative risk, 0.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.04-0.53; P=.003; I2=0%) and miscarriage rate (relative risk, 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.66; P=.0009; I2=0%). In patients with a septate uterus and primary infertility, hysteroscopic septum resection was associated with an increased live birth rate (relative risk, 4.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-14.29; P=.03; I2=0%) and clinical pregnancy rate (relative risk, 2.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-4.98; P=.04; I2=0%). The postoperative live birth rate was 37% (95% confidence interval, 30-44), and the miscarriage rate of patients with primary infertility was reduced (relative risk, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.56; P=.003). The efficacy of hysteroscopic septum resection in patients with secondary infertility was unclear. However, their postoperative live birth rate was found to be 41% (95% confidence interval, 2-88). CONCLUSION: Hysteroscopic septum resection is associated with an increased live birth rate and a reduced miscarriage rate in patients with recurrent miscarriage or primary infertility, indicating that septum resection may improve the reproductive outcomes of these patients. The effectiveness of septum resection was unclear for patients with secondary infertility. These findings are limited by the quality of the included studies, warranting further randomized controlled trials, including only patients with recurrent miscarriage or primary infertility.
Asunto(s)
Aborto Habitual , Infertilidad , Nacimiento Prematuro , Útero Septado , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Histeroscopía , Nacimiento Prematuro/epidemiología , Nacimiento Prematuro/etiología , Nacimiento Prematuro/cirugía , Infertilidad/cirugía , Aborto Habitual/diagnóstico , Aborto Habitual/epidemiología , Aborto Habitual/etiologíaRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Kanglaite injection (KLTi), a Chinese herbal medicine, is used as an adjuvant treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). AIMS OF THE STUDY: To provide an evidence-based endorsement for the clinical application and selection of KLTi by evaluating the reporting quality, methodological quality, risk of bias, and evidence quality of systemic reviews (SRs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: SRs of KLTi adjuvant therapy of NSCLC were searched by using 12 databases, consulting experts, and retrieving relevant conference papers until 2022.03.24. The treatment group received KLTi in combination with other therapies, regardless of dosage, duration, or the therapy combined. Network meta-analyses and SRs using repeated data were excluded. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines 2009, A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews, Risk of Bias in Systematic Review, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation were used to assess the quality of reports, methodological quality, risk of bias, and level of evidence; R was used for visual analysis of the relevant contents. RESULTS: Twenty SRs (13 Chinese and 7 English articles), all authored by Chinese authors as the first author, were included. The reporting information of most included studies was relatively complete (21-27 points), accounting for three-fourths of the total literature. The quality of the methods used in all studies was critically low. The risk of bias was mostly high. Results of the evidence summary showed that among the "moderate" evidence, KLTi combined with chemotherapy had benefits of 9.7-16.4% for objective response rate (ORR) (11 SRs), 8.1-14% for disease control rate (four SRs), and 20.1-28.6% for quality of life (12 SRs) compared with those of chemotherapy alone. The incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms (five SRs) was reduced by 11.5%-23.2%, while that of leukopenia (four SRs) improved by 19.5-29.2%. Combined radiotherapy and targeted therapy had benefits of 25.9% and 16.8%, respectively, in ORR and 31.3% and 22.8%, respectively, in quality of life (the quality of evidence was "low"). The results depicted that treatment with two courses of KLTi produce the best results. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that KLTi, whether combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted therapy, has an effect on ORR and quality of life and induces adverse reactions, such as leukopenia, nausea, and vomiting. It may improve patient survival; however, the impact of its low-grade quality on the immune function remains undetermined. Owing to the low reporting quality and methodological quality and high risk of bias of the SRs and the included studies, clinical application of KLTi remains unelucidated; higher-quality SRs and randomized controlled trials are necessary in the future.