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Isopropylate Triphenyl Phosphate (IPPP), a novel organophosphorus flame retardant, has become a widespread environmental pollutant. However, the toxic effects and mechanisms of IPPP remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the neurodevelopmental toxicity effects of IPPP on zebrafish embryonic development, neurobehavior, and physiological and transcriptomic changes. The results showed that IPPP induced adverse developments such as low survival rates and hatching rates, decreased body length and eye distance, and also led to increased heart rates and embryonic malformation rates. The developmental defects mainly included typical pericardial edema, eye deformities, and a reduction in the number of newborn neurons. Mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes may be responsible for heart malformation. Behavioral results showed that IPPP caused abnormal changes in swimming speed, total swimming distance and trajectory, and showed a low-dose effect. In addition, the decreased activity of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and dopamine (DA), and the changes in genes related to the central nervous system (CNS) and metabolism pathway may be the causes of neurodevelopmental toxicity of IPPP. Meanwhile, IPPP induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, and changed the ATPase activity of zebrafish larvae by altering nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and mitochondrial signaling pathways, respectively. Transcriptome sequencing results indicated that Cytochrome P450 and drug metabolism, Energy metabolism-related pathways, Glutathione metabolism, Retinoid acid (RA) and REDOX signaling pathways were significantly enriched, and most of the genes in these pathways were up-regulated after IPPP treatment, which may be new targets for IPPP-induced neurodevelopment. In summary, the results of this study provide an important reference for a comprehensive assessment of the toxic effects and health risks of the new pollutant IPPP.
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Starch and seed storage protein (SSP) composition profoundly impact wheat grain yield and quality. To unveil regulatory mechanisms governing their biosynthesis, transcriptome, and epigenome profiling is conducted across key endosperm developmental stages, revealing that chromatin accessibility, H3K27ac, and H3K27me3 collectively regulate SSP and starch genes with varying impact. Population transcriptome and phenotype analyses highlight accessible promoter regions' crucial role as a genetic variation resource, influencing grain yield and quality in a core collection of wheat accessions. Integration of time-serial RNA-seq and ATAC-seq enables the construction of a hierarchical transcriptional regulatory network governing starch and SSP biosynthesis, identifying 42 high-confidence novel candidates. These candidates exhibit overlap with genetic regions associated with grain size and quality traits, and their functional significance is validated through expression-phenotype association analysis among wheat accessions and loss-of-function mutants. Functional analysis of wheat abscisic acid insensitive 3-A1 (TaABI3-A1) with genome editing knock-out lines demonstrates its role in promoting SSP accumulation while repressing starch biosynthesis through transcriptional regulation. Excellent TaABI3-A1Hap1 with enhanced grain weight is selected during the breeding process in China, linked to altered expression levels. This study unveils key regulators, advancing understanding of SSP and starch biosynthesis regulation and contributing to breeding enhancement.
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Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common diseases in the cattle industry worldwide; it is caused by multiple bacterial or viral coinfections, of which Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) are the most notable pathogens. Although live vaccines have demonstrated better efficacy against BRD induced by both pathogens, there are no combined live and marker vaccines. Therefore, we developed an attenuated and marker M. bovis-BoHV-1 combined vaccine based on the M. bovis HB150 and BoHV-1 gG-/tk- strain previously constructed in our lab and evaluated in rabbits. This study aimed to further evaluate its safety and protective efficacy in cattle using different antigen ratios. After immunization, all vaccinated cattle had a normal rectal temperature and mental status without respiratory symptoms. CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ cells significantly increased in immunized cattle and induced higher humoral and cellular immune responses, and the expression of key cytokines such as IL-4, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ can be promoted after vaccination. The 1.0 × 108 CFU of M. bovis HB150 and 1.0 × 106 TCID50 BoHV-1 gG-/tk- combined strain elicited the most antibodies while significantly increasing IgG and cellular immunity after challenge. In conclusion, the M. bovis HB150 and BoHV-1 gG-/tk- combined strain was clinically safe and protective in calves; the mix of 1.0 × 108 CFU of M. bovis HB150 and 1.0 × 106 TCID50 BoHV-1 gG-/tk- strain was most promising due to its low amount of shedding and highest humoral and cellular immune responses compared with others. This study introduces an M. bovis-BoHV-1 combined vaccine for application in the cattle industry.
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Herpesvirus Bovino 1 , Mycoplasma bovis , Vacunas Atenuadas , Vacunas Combinadas , Animales , Bovinos , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/inmunología , Vacunas Combinadas/inmunología , Vacunas Combinadas/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Atenuadas/inmunología , Vacunas Atenuadas/administración & dosificación , Mycoplasma bovis/inmunología , Vacunas Virales/inmunología , Vacunas Virales/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Virales/efectos adversos , Vacunas Bacterianas/inmunología , Vacunas Bacterianas/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Bacterianas/efectos adversos , Citocinas/metabolismo , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/inmunología , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/prevención & control , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/veterinaria , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/inmunología , Vacunas Marcadoras/inmunología , Vacunas Marcadoras/administración & dosificación , Vacunación/veterinaria , Eficacia de las Vacunas , Inmunidad Humoral , Complejo Respiratorio Bovino/prevención & control , Complejo Respiratorio Bovino/inmunología , Complejo Respiratorio Bovino/virologíaRESUMEN
Bisphenol A (BPA), an ingredient in consumer products, has been suggested that it can interfere with bone development and maintenance, whereas the molecule mechanism remains unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of BPA on early bone differentiation and metabolism, and its potential molecule mechanism by employing hFOB1.19 cell as an in vitro model, as well as larval zebrafish as an in vivo model. The in vitro experiments indicated that BPA decreased cell viability, inhibited osteogenic activity (such as ALP, RUNX2), increased ROS production, upregulated transcriptional or protein levels of apoptosis-related molecules (such as Caspase 3, Caspase 9), while suppressed transcriptional or protein levels of pyroptosis-specific markers (TNF-α, TNF-ß, IL-1ß, ASC, Caspase 1, and GSDMD). Moreover, the evidences from in vivo model demonstrated that exposure to BPA distinctly disrupted pharyngeal cartilage, craniofacial bone development, and retarded bone mineralization. The transcriptional level of bone development-related genes (bmp2, dlx2a, runx2, and sp7), apoptosis-related genes (bcl2), and pyroptosis-related genes (cas1, nlrp3) were significantly altered after treating with BPA in zebrafish larvae. In summary, our study, combining in vitro and in vivo models, confirmed that BPA has detrimental effects on osteoblast activity and bone development. These effects may be due to the promotion of apoptosis, the initiation of oxidative stress, and the inhibition of pyroptosis.
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Compuestos de Bencidrilo , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal , Fenoles , Pez Cebra , Animales , Pez Cebra/metabolismo , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Estrés OxidativoRESUMEN
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common diseases in the cattle industry; it is a globally prevalent multifactorial infection primarily caused by viral and bacterial coinfections. In China, Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) are the most notable pathogens associated with BRD. Our previous study attempted to combine the two vaccines and conducted a preliminary investigation of their optimal antigenic ratios. Based on this premise, the research extended its investigation by administering varying vaccine doses in a rabbit model to identify the most effective immunization dosage. After immunization, all rabbits in other immunization dose groups had a normal rectal temperature without obvious clinical symptoms. Furthermore, assays performed on the samples collected from immunized rabbits indicated that there were increased humoral and cellular immunological reactions. Moreover, the histological analysis of the lungs showed that immunized rabbits had more intact lung tissue than their unimmunized counterparts after the challenge. Additionally, there appears to be a positive correlation between the protective efficacy and the immunization dose. In conclusion, the different immunization doses of the attenuated and marker M. bovis HB150 and BoHV-1 gG-/tk- combined vaccine were clinically safe in rabbits; the mix of 2.0 × 108 CFU of M. bovis HB150 and 2.0 × 106 TCID50 BoHV-1 gG-/tk- strain was most promising due to its highest humoral and cellular immune responses and a more complete morphology of the lung tissue compared with others. These findings determined the optimal immunization dose of the attenuated and marker M. bovis HB150 and BoHV-1 gG-/tk- combined vaccine, laying a foundation for its clinical application.
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Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) serves as a major organophosphorus flame retardant, and its induced neurodevelopmental toxicity has attracted widespread attention, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we involved zebrafish to explore the new mechanism of TPhP inducing oxidative stress and ferroptosis to promote neurodevelopmental toxicity. The results suggested that TPhP affected the embryonic development, reduced the number of new neurons, and led to abnormal neural behavior in zebrafish larvae. TPhP also induced ROS accumulation, activated the antioxidant defense signal Nrf2 and Keap1, and significantly changed the activities of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). In addition, TPhP induced ferroptosis in zebrafish, which was reflected in the increase of Fe2+ content, the abnormal expression of GPX4 protein and genes related to iron metabolism (gpx4a, slc7a11, acsl4b, tfa, slc40a1, fth1b, tfr2, tfr1a, tfr1b and ncoa4). Astaxanthin intervention specifically inhibited ROS levels, and reversed SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression levels and Fe2+ metabolism thus alleviating ferroptosis induced by TPhP. Astaxanthin also partially reversed the activity of AChE, GST and the expression of neurodevelopmental-related genes (gap43, gfap, neurog1 and syn2a), so as to partially rescue the embryonic developmental abnormalities and motor behavior disorders induced by TPhP. More interestingly, the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis-related protein BAX, anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2, Caspase3 and Caspase9 was significantly altered in the TPhP exposed group, which could be also reversed by Astaxanthin intervention. In summary, our results suggested that TPhP exposure can induce oxidative stress and ferroptosis, thereby causing neurodevelopment toxicity to zebrafish, while Astaxanthin can partially reverse oxidative stress and reduce the neurodevelopmental toxicity of zebrafish larvae by activating Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Ferroptosis , Retardadores de Llama , Organofosfatos , Femenino , Animales , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/genética , Pez Cebra , Acetilcolinesterasa , Retardadores de Llama/toxicidad , Proteína 1 Asociada A ECH Tipo Kelch/genética , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Compuestos Organofosforados/toxicidad , Estrés Oxidativo , XantófilasRESUMEN
Exposure to 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) has been found to have an impact on reproductive output and endocrine function in female zebrafish (Danio rerio). However, the transgenerational effects of BDE-47 have not been fully explored in previous reports. In this study, female zebrafish were exposed to BDE-47 for three consecutive weeks. The oogenesis, sex hormones, reproductive histology, and transcriptional profiles of genes along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis were assessed in the exposed-F0 generation. After mating with unexposed males, the transgenerational effects of BDE-47 were evaluated on the basis of histopathology, morphometry and toxicogenome of the unexposed F1 generations at the larval stage. Results indicated that exposure to BDE-47 impaired reproductive capacity, disrupted endocrine system in F0 zebrafish, and compromised craniofacial skeletons and vertebrae development in F1 generations. In addition, through the use of toxicogenomics approach, immune-responsive pathways were found to be significantly enriched, and the transcript expression profiling of immune-related DEGs (IRDs) were dramatically inhibited in F1 generations following maternal BDE-47 exposure, indicating its immunotoxicity to offspring larvae. These findings advance our understanding of the transgenerational toxicity of BDE-47 and advocate for a more comprehensive assessment of other PBDE congeners through histomorphometry and toxicogenomic approaches.
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Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Pez Cebra , Masculino , Animales , Femenino , Pez Cebra/metabolismo , Toxicogenética , Reproducción , Éteres Difenilos Halogenados/análisis , Larva/genética , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisisRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of maturing fetal lung on clinical efficacy of acetaminophen in the treatment of premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). A total of 441 premature infants admitted to our hospital from May 2020 to May 2021 were recruited, including 152 premature infants receiving fetal lung maturation (13 cases of PDA closure with drug use and 2 cases failed) and 289 cases without maturing fetal lung (17 cases of PDA closure and 8 cases failed). Finally, a total of 30 cases were enrolled in this clinical trial. All infants were divided into groups A and B according to whether fetal lung maturation was adopted before delivery. In group A, 13 infants received fetal lung maturation, and 17 in group B did not undergo fetal lung maturation. Infants in both groups were orally given with acetaminophen. After 3-day treatment, the second course of treatment was given immediately if PDA was not closed. The PDA closure rate and patency rate of PDA at the end of 2 treatment courses were statistically compared between 2 groups. The feeding intolerance, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, renal failure, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage, the age at total enteral nutrition and the length of hospital stay were also compared between 2 groups. After the 1st and 2nd treatment courses, the PDA closure rate in group A was 84.61%, significantly higher than 52.94% in group B (Pâ <â .05), whereas there was no significant difference in the PDA patency rate between 2 groups (Pâ >â .05). No significant differences were observed regarding the feeding intolerance, renal failure, necrotizing enterocolitis, periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the length of hospital stay and the age at total enteral nutrition between 2 groups (all Pâ >â .05). In addition, the incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in group A was 7.69%, slightly lower than 5.88% in group B (Pâ >â .05). Compared with premature infants untreated with fetal lung maturation interventions before delivery, premature infants who receive fetal lung maturation interventions combined with acetaminophen for PDA are likely to obtain a higher PDA closure rate and a lower incidence rate of the upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
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Displasia Broncopulmonar , Conducto Arterioso Permeable , Enterocolitis Necrotizante , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Acetaminofén/uso terapéutico , Displasia Broncopulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Hemorragia Cerebral/tratamiento farmacológico , Conducto Arterioso Permeable/tratamiento farmacológico , Enterocolitis Necrotizante/tratamiento farmacológico , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/tratamiento farmacológico , Recien Nacido Prematuro , PulmónRESUMEN
Background: Zheng's supine rehabilitation exercise (ZSRE) can be performed by elderly patients with the acute exacerbation of severe or extremely severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with high safety and compliance and was helpful for their recovery. Investigation is warranted of the compliance and rehabilitation effects of ZSRE performed at home in patients with COPD. Methods: We performed telephone interviews with 157 patients with COPD who were hospitalized on the 26th floor of the National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease and who received COPD education and ZSRE training from 1 September 2015 to 31 August 2016. We retrospectively analyzed the patients' compliance with performing ZSRE at home after discharge and the frequency of hospitalization for treatment of acute exacerbation in both the previous and subsequent years. Results: Among the 157 patients, 66 failed to complete home ZSRE after discharge (non-rehabilitation group), 41 performed home ZSRE once a day after discharge (one-session rehabilitation group), and 50 performed home ZSRE at least twice a day after discharge (multiple-session rehabilitation group). The home ZSRE compliance rate was 57.96% (91/157). There were no significant differences in the mean number of hospitalizations in the year prior to receiving COPD education and ZSRE training among the non-rehabilitation group (1.06±0.75), one-session rehabilitation group (1.27±0.78), and multiple-session rehabilitation group (1.16±0.91). However, there was a significant difference in the mean number of hospitalizations among the groups in the year following discharge (1.44±1.17, 0.78±0.82, and 0.66±0.75, respectively). The number of hospitalizations significantly increased in the non-rehabilitation group and significantly decreased in the one- and multiple-session rehabilitation groups. Conclusions: Home ZSRE can be performed with high compliance by elderly patients with severe or extremely severe COPD and can reduce the number of readmissions.
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Recent studies strongly suggest that atorvastatin combination therapy with tangeretin could be beneficial in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic interactions among atorvastatin, its active metabolite 2-hydroxy atorvastatin, and tangeretin after oral administration of atorvastatin with tangeretin in rats. A rapid, selective, and sensitive assay was developed and validated based on ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous measurement of atorvastatin, 2-hydroxy atorvastatin, and tangeretin concentrations in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation of the analytes was conducted on an ACQUITY Torus 1-AA column in gradient elution mode. The mass transition ion pairs were m/z 559.0â440.0 for atorvastatin, m/z 575.2â440.0 for 2-hydroxy atorvastatin, m/z 373.0â358.1 for tangeretin, and m/z 254.8â136.7 for daidzein (internal standard). Calibration curves showed good linear correlations at the following concentration range: 1-400 (r = 0.9952), 1-400 (r = 0.9980), and 3-1200 (r = 0.9945) for atorvastatin, 2-hydroxy atorvastatin, and tangeretin, respectively. The method was fully validated and satisfied the acceptance criteria recommended by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Finally, it was successfully applied in a pharmacokinetic study in rats to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behavior of atorvastatin, 2-hydroxy atorvastatin, and tangeretin.
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Cromatografía con Fluido Supercrítico , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Ratas , Animales , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Atorvastatina , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
We report here Au nanoparticles (AuNPs)/SnS2/ZnIn2S4 as a high-performance active material for sensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) determination of T4 polynucleotide kinase (T4 PNK) using an enzymatic reaction-induced DNA structure switch strategy. To construct the PEC biosensor, a double-stranded DNA probe consisting of a CdS quantum dots (QDs)-labeled single-stranded DNA (sDNA) and its complementary DNA (cDNA) is immobilized on the AuNPs/SnS2/ZnIn2S4 photoactive material. T4 PNK can catalyze the phosphorylation of 5'-OH-terminated sDNA in the double-stranded DNA probe when ATP is present, and λ-exonuclease can catalyze the degradation of the phosphorylated sDNA into small fragments. Then the cDNA forms a hairpin structure so that CdS QDs and AuNPs are in close contact, which can induce exciton-plasma interactions between CdS QDs and AuNPs. The exciton-plasma interactions significantly boost the photocurrent, enabling the "signal on" PEC determination of T4 PNK in the range of 10-4 - 1 U mL-1 with a detection limit of 6 × 10-5 U mL-1. The PEC biosensor can also be used to screen enzyme inhibitors.
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Técnicas Biosensibles , Nanopartículas del Metal , Puntos Cuánticos , ADN/química , ADN Complementario , Oro/química , Límite de Detección , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Polinucleótido 5'-Hidroxil-QuinasaRESUMEN
CdS quantum dots (QDs) are attached onto zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) with DNA as a bridge to boost the photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity of Zr-MOFs, and the sensitization of Zr-MOFs by using CdS QDs is regulated by the alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-catalyzed hydrolysis of tripolyphosphate, enabling sensitive "signal-on" PEC detection of ALP activity.
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Técnicas Biosensibles , Compuestos de Cadmio , Estructuras Metalorgánicas , Puntos Cuánticos , Fosfatasa Alcalina , Límite de DetecciónRESUMEN
Cholestasis is a common liver injury without any effective therapeutic drugs so far. Resveratrol (RES) and luteolin (LUT) are natural polyphenols that exert protective effects on multiple liver injuries. Coadministration of RES and LUT could significantly improve the bioavailability of LUT and increase the systemic exposure to RES, and the combined treatment could also benefit from their multi-component and multi-target characteristics. Our current aim is to study the protective effects of coadministration of RES and LUT on α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestasis. Serum biochemical indices and liver histopathology in rats indicated that coadministration of RES and LUT could improve liver function by suppressing oxidative stress. Dysregulated bile acid (BA) homeostasis is a significant pathological feature of cholestasis, which was determined to explore the potential biomarkers and to clarify the protection mechanism of coadministration of RES and LUT. The levels of cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, taurine conjugates and glycine conjugates, and the ratios of taurine conjugates to their free forms could be used as diagnosis indicators for cholestasis in rats. Furthermore, the coadministration of RES and LUT could restore the BA levels and exert better protective effects than administration alone. This study suggested that the coadministration of RES and LUT could protect against ANIT-induced cholestasis and the mechanism was closely related to regulating BA homeostasis and suppressing oxidative stress.
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1-Naftilisotiocianato , Colestasis , 1-Naftilisotiocianato/metabolismo , 1-Naftilisotiocianato/toxicidad , Animales , Ácidos y Sales Biliares/metabolismo , Colestasis/inducido químicamente , Colestasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Homeostasis , Hígado/metabolismo , Luteolina/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas , Resveratrol/metabolismo , Taurina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Both luteolin (LUT) and resveratrol (RES) are natural polyphenols that exert therapeutic effects on liver injuries. Extensive glucuronidation by uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases 1As (UGT1As) results in poor bioavailability of LUT, which limits its clinical application. As an inhibitor of UGT1A1 and UGT1A9, RES may affect the bioavailability of LUT. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of LUT, luteolin-3'-O-glucuronide (LUT-3'-G), RES and resveratrol-3-O-glucuronide (RES-3-G) in rat plasma to investigate the effects of RES on the bioavailability and metabolism of LUT after coadministration. The samples were extracted by protein precipitation with methanol using daidzein and naringenin as the internal standards. Separation was achieved on an XBridgeTM C18 column by isocratic elution using 88% methanol-12% water with 2 mM ammonium acetate and 0.01% formic acid. Multiple reaction monitoring mode with a negative electrospray ionization interface was used for quantification of the analytes. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration ranges of 1-1000 (r > 0.995), 2-2000 (r > 0.999), 5-5000 (r > 0.998) and 10-40000 ng/mL (r > 0.996) for LUT, LUT-3'-G, RES and RES-3-G, respectively. The method was fully validated in terms of accuracy, precision, matrix effect, recovery and stability. The validated data met the acceptance criteria in FDA guidelines. The method was successfully applied in a pharmacokinetic interaction study of LUT and RES. The results indicated that RES had a significant effect on the enhanced bioavailability of LUT by reducing the major glucuronidation metabolite in rats, which provides a reference for the combination of LUT and RES in liver diseases.
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Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Luteolina/química , Resveratrol/química , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Animales , Límite de Detección , Luteolina/sangre , Luteolina/farmacocinética , Masculino , Plasma/química , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Resveratrol/sangre , Resveratrol/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
RATIONALE: Most previous treatment guidelines for pregnant women with mechanical heart valves recommend that low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) should be applied once every 12 hours and only as required to reach peak anti-Xa levels of approximately 1.0 to 1.2 IU/mL, but it is commonly associated with subtherapeutic trough levels, consequently with an inadequate level of anticoagulation. Our case report here together with a literature review suggests that dose-adjusted (Target trough anti-Xa levels of 0.6 to 0.7 IU/mL and with peak anti-Xa levels of around 1.0 to 1.2 IU/mL or < 1.5 IU/mL) LMWH should be given thrice daily throughout pregnancy. In addition, the findings of this rare case indicate that a combination of LMWH and warfarin is effective in the treatment of small thromboses in pregnancy. PATIENT CONCERNS: In the 1st trimester of pregnancy, a 28-year old pregnant female with a mechanical valve had a significant increase in the aortic valve flow rate and suspected mechanical valve thrombosis. DIAGNOSES: The peak velocity of the pregnant female aortic mechanical valve increased, and mechanical valve thrombosis was suspected. INTERVENTIONS: We adjusted the enoxaparin sodium dose every 12 hours to 1 injection every 8 hours, with a total daily dose of 160 mL. Based on the original application of LMWH, warfarin (3 mg/day) was recommended. OUTCOMES: The pregnant woman delivered a live baby by cesarean section, and the peak flow velocity of the mechanical valve in the aortic position was reduced to nearly equivalent to the patient's pre-pregnancy status. The mother and the baby were in good health at the time of discharge. LESSONS: LMWH is administered twice daily, and anti-Xa trough levels are mostly in a subtherapeutic state, which may lead to insufficient anticoagulation and thrombosis. Dose-adjusted LMWH thrice daily throughout pregnancy is the recommended treatment for pregnant women with mechanical heart valves. The combination of LMWH and warfarin exhibited good efficacy for the treatment of small thromboses.
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Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas , Complicaciones Cardiovasculares del Embarazo , Trombosis , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto , Heparina de Bajo-Peso-Molecular/uso terapéutico , Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Warfarina/uso terapéutico , Cesárea , Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas/efectos adversos , Trombosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Trombosis/etiología , Válvula Aórtica , Complicaciones Cardiovasculares del Embarazo/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of bioabsorbable steroid-eluting sinus stents versus absorbable Nasopore packs after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). METHODS: One hundred eighty-one patients with CRS who underwent ESS were randomly assigned to receive a steroid-eluting sinus stent in one ethmoid sinus cavity, whereas the contralateral control side received a Nasopore pack. Endoscopic evaluations were performed 14, 30, and 90 days after the ESS. Postoperative intervention, polyp formation, adhesions, and middle turbinate (MT) position were assessed as efficacy outcomes. RESULTS: The stents were successfully deployed in all 181 sinuses. Thirty days after the ESS, the stents significantly reduced the need for surgical intervention compared to the Nasopore (P < .0001). The percentage of cases with polyp formation was significantly lower on the stent sides compared with the Nasopore sides (P < .0001) at 14, 30, and 90 days after ESS. The percentage of severe adhesion was significantly lower on the stents sides than on the Nasopore sides at postoperative day 90 (P = .0003), whereas they were not significantly lower at postoperative days 14 and 30. There were no significant differences between the stent sides and the Nasopore sides regarding the frequency of MT lateralization at all end points. No device-related adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated significant improvement in the early postoperative outcomes by reducing the need for postoperative surgical intervention and polyp formation using steroid-eluting stents when compared with absorbable Nasopore packs. The steroid-eluting sinus stents and the Nasopore packs were each effective in preserving the ethmoid sinus patency and in preventing MT lateralization. A further prospective cohort study with long-term postoperative outcomes is warranted.
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Senos Paranasales , Rinitis , Sinusitis , Implantes Absorbibles , Enfermedad Crónica , Endoscopía , Humanos , Senos Paranasales/cirugía , Estudios Prospectivos , Rinitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Rinitis/cirugía , Sinusitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Sinusitis/cirugía , Stents , Esteroides/uso terapéutico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A novel circulating recombinant form (CRF) was identified in eight HIV-1-infected patients without direct epidemiological relationships in Henan Province, Central China. Recombination analysis indicated that the genome of this novel CRF comprises five segments: three inherited from CRF01_AE cluster-4 and two from CRF55_01B. Therefore, the CRF was designated CRF114_0155. It is not only the first novel CRF identified in Henan Province but also the first third-generation CRF of HIV-1 and the first CRF descendant of CRF55_01B. Bayesian inference of phylogeny dated the most recent common ancestor of the CRF114_0155 cluster to 2010. The emergence of CRF114_0155 reflects that the genotype constitution of HIV-1 has become more complex and that stricter intervention measures should be implemented in central China.
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Infecciones por VIH , VIH-1 , Teorema de Bayes , China/epidemiología , Genoma Viral , Genotipo , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , VIH-1/genética , Humanos , Filogenia , Recombinación GenéticaRESUMEN
To investigate the clinical pharmacokinetics of CA4P, a high-throughput high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay with an identical positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode was developed for the simultaneous determination of CA4P, its active metabolite CA4, and CA4 glucuronide in human plasma. CA4P and CA4 were easier to protonate in positive ESI mode, whereas CA4G was reported to produce deprotonated ion in negative ESI mode. Because the baseline separation of CA4P and CA4G could not be achieved, using MS positive/negative ion switching is not feasible. In this study, an abundant ammonium adduct ion of CA4G in ESI+ was observed as an ideal precursor ion. The final precursor/product transition pairs chosen for CA4P, CA4, and CA4G were at m/z 397/350, 317/286, and 510/317, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report on the simultaneous quantification of CA4P, CA4, and CA4G in biological samples. The proposed method was validated, which showed a wide linear dynamic range, high selectivity and sensitivity, good repeatability, and a short run time. Compared with the literatures, the lower limits of quantification were five- and two-fold more sensitive for CA4G and CA4, respectively. Therefore, this method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of CA4P in phase I clinical trial.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Estilbenos/sangre , Estilbenos/farmacocinética , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Estilbenos/químicaRESUMEN
While the variations in the HIV-1 Env V3 loop have been the focus of much research to explore its functional effect, how specific mutations of certain amino acids in the V3 loop affect viral fitness remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated a series of natural polymorphisms at positions 328 and 330 with different combinations of adjacent glycosylation sites in the HIV-1 subtype B backbone to address their role in replicative fitness and sensitivity to entry inhibitors based on analysis of env sequence frequency at the population level. Pairwise growth competition experiment showed that wild-type virus with major consensus amino acids obviously had higher replicative fitness (P < 0.001). A change at position 328 to a less frequently occurring amino acid, K, together with a mutated N332 glycosylation site harbored lower fitness and became more sensitive to coreceptor antagonists (AMD3100), fusion inhibitors (T20) and sCD4. A change at position 330 to a less frequently occurring amino acid, Y, together with a mutated N332 glycosylation site resulted in higher fitness and less sensitivity to entry inhibitors (T20, AMD3100, and sCD4), and viruses containing both changes showed intermediate activity. It seems that the H330Y mutation compensated for the reduced replicative capacity caused by the Q328 K mutation. Moreover, viruses that showed lower replicative fitness also exhibited slower entry kinetics, lower levels of replication intermediates and protein packaging, and a lower ability to replicate in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The findings highlight the functional effect of variations at 328 and 330 in the V3 loop on replicative fitness and may benefit HIV-1 treatment by helping predict the sensitivity to entry inhibitors.