A Highly Dispersed Cobalt Electrocatalyst with Electron-Deficient Centers Induced by Boron toward Enhanced Adsorption and Electrocatalysis for Room-Temperature Sodium-Sulfur Batteries.

As vitally prospective candidates for next-generation energy storage systems, room-temperature sodium-sulfur (RT-Na/S) batteries continue to face obstacles in practical implementation due to the severe shuttle effect of sodium polysulfides and sluggish S conversion kinetics. Herein, the study proposes a novel approach involving the design of a B, N co-doped carbon nanotube loaded with highly dispersed and electron-deficient cobalt (Co@BNC) as a highly conductive host for S, aiming to enhance adsorption and catalyze redox reactions. Crucially, the pivotal roles of the carbon substrate in prompting the electrocatalytic activity of Co are elucidated. The experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations both demonstrate that after B doping, stronger chemical adsorption toward polysulfides (NaPSs), lower polarization, faster S conversion kinetics, and more complete S transformation are achieved. Therefore, the as-assembled RT-Na/S batteries with S/Co@BNC deliver a high reversible capacity of 626 mAh g-1 over 100 cycles at 0.1 C and excellent durability (416 mAh g-1 over 600 cycles at 0.5 C). Even at 2 C, the capacity retention remains at 61.8%, exhibiting an outstanding rate performance. This work offers a systematic way to develop a novel Co electrocatalyst for RT-Na/S batteries, which can also be effectively applied to other transition metallic electrocatalysts.

Nomogram for predicting major bleeding after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation is to develop a novel nomogram for predicting major bleeding following off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: Between January 2012 and December 2022, 541 patients who underwent off-pump isolated primary CABG were included in a retrospective analysis. The primary outcome measure after off-pump CABG was major bleeding. Based on the outcomes of a multivariate analysis, nomograms were constructed. Using receiver operating characteristic analysis and calibration, the predictive accuracy of the nomograms was assessed. Using decision curve analysis (DCA), the clinical benefit of the nomograms was determined. RESULTS: We categorized 399 and 142 patients in the "no major bleeding group" and "major bleeding group", respectively. Age (odds ratio (OR) 1.038; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.009-1.068; p = 0.009), body mass index (OR 0.913; 95% CI 0.849-0.982; p = 0.014), hemoglobin (OR 0.958; 95% CI 0.945-0.971; p < 0.001), sodium (OR 0.873; 95% CI 0.807-0.945; p = 0.001), blood urea nitrogen (OR 1.198; 95% CI 1.073-1.338; p = 0.001), and operation time (OR 1.012; 95% CI 1.008-1.017; p < 0.001) were independent predictors for major bleeding after off-pump CABG. The model based on independent predictors exhibited excellent discrimination and calibration, with good agreement between actual and nomogram-estimated probabilities of generalization. DCA demonstrated that nomogram-assisted decisions have a greater positive benefit than treating all patients or none. CONCLUSIONS: The plotted nomogram accurately predicted major bleeding outcomes following off-pump CABG and may therefore contribute to clinical decision-making, patient treatment, and consultation services.

P-doped porous carbon from camellia shell for high-performance room temperature sodium-sulfur batteries.

Room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries are still hampered by severe shuttle effects and sluggish kinetics. Most of the sulfur hosts require high cost and complex synthesis process. Herein, a facile method is proposed to prepare a phosphorous doped porous carbon (CSBP) with abundant defect sites from camellia shell by oxidation pretreatment combined with H3PO4activation. The pretreatment can introduce pores and adjust the structure of biochar precursor, which facilitates the further activation of H3PO4and effectively avoids the occurrence of large agglomeration. Profiting from the synergistic effects of physical confinement and doping effect, the prepared CSBP/S cathode delivers a high reversible capacity of 804 mAh g-1after 100 cycles at 0.1 C and still maintains an outstanding capacity of 458 mAh g-1after 500 cycles at 0.5 C (1 C = 1675 mA g-1). This work provides new insights into the rational design of the microstructures of carbon hosts for high-performance room temperature sodium-sulfur batteries.

Room-temperature assembled 3D macro-porous Ti3C2Tx/RGO hybrid hydrogel and the application as the self-standing electrode for sodium-ion storage.

Assembling two-dimensional (2D) MXene nanosheets into monolithic three-dimensional (3D) structures is an efficient pathway to transfer the nanoscale properties to practical applications. Nevertheless, the majority of the preparation schemes described in the literature are carried out at relatively high temperatures, which inevitably leads to the notorious high-temperature oxidation issue of MXenes. Preparing MXene-based hydrogels at lower temperatures or even room temperature is of great research importance. In this study, we report a novel and efficient room-temperature gelation method for fabricating 3D macro-porous Ti3C2Tx MXene/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) hybrid hydrogels, using anhydrous sodium sulfide (Na2S) as the primary reducing agent and l-cysteine as the auxiliary crosslinker. This room-temperature preparation technique successfully prevents the oxidation issue of MXenes and generates porous aerogels with excellent structural robustness after freeze-drying. As the self-standing anode for sodium-ion storage, the optimized 3D Ti3C2Tx MXene/RGO electrode possesses a specific capacity of 152 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g and good cycling stability with no significant capacity degradation after 500 cycles, which is significantly higher than that of the vacuum-filtered MXene film. This work demonstrates a straightforward room-temperature gelation method for constructing 3D MXene-based hydrogels to avoid the oxidation of MXenes, and casts new insight on the mechanism of the graphene oxide (GO)-assisted gelation.

Effect of Erector Spinae Plane Block in Terms of Analgesic Efficacy in Elderly Patients Undergoing Posterior Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Retrospective, Propensity-Score Matched Study.

INTRODUCTION: For preoperative analgesia during a variety of operations, the erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has grown in popularity. However, its effectiveness in lumbar surgery is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential benefits of ESPB in enhancing analgesic efficacy in elderly individuals following posterior lumbar spine surgery. METHODS: Patients aged 65 years or older who underwent elective posterior lumbar instrumented fusion (with or without decompression) at our institution between January 2019 and June 2022 were included. Demographic data, comorbidities, and results of preoperative screening were retrospectively collected. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed in a ratio of 1:1 for control and ESPB groups. The primary outcome was opioid consumption at 24 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes was visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores at rest in the first 24 h. Additional secondary outcomes included number of patients requesting rescue analgesia, incidence of nausea and vomiting, time to the first request for analgesia via patient-controlled analgesia, and length of stay. RESULTS: A total of 382 patients were included, of whom 119 received ESPB. The mean age of the study patients was 70.6 years old, and 254 (66.5%) were male. After PSM, each group comprised 115 patients. Patients in the ESPB group showed a significantly lower opioid consumption at 24 h after surgery. Compared with the control group, VAS pain scores at rest in the first 24 h, number of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) pump compressions, ratio of patients requesting rescue analgesia, incidence of nausea and vomiting, and length of stay were significantly reduced in the ESPB group. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding safety outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: ESPB reduces short-term opioid consumption while providing safe and effective analgesia in elderly patients undergoing posterior lumbar surgery.

Preparation of Chitosan-Modified Bentonite and Its Adsorption Performance on Tetracycline.

In this study, chitosan-modified bentonite was synthesized using the coprecipitation method. When the Na2CO3 content was 4% (weight of soil) and the mass ratio of chitosan to bentonite was 1:5, the adsorption performance of the chitosan/bentonite composite was best. The adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement. Various characterization results demonstrate that chitosan successfully entered the bentonite interlayer and increased layer spacing but did not modify bentonite's laminar mesoporous structure, and the -CH3 and -CH2 groups of chitosan appeared on chitosan-modified bentonite. Tetracycline was used as the target pollutant in the static adsorption experiment. The adsorption capacity was 19.32 mg/g under optimal conditions. The adsorption process was more consistent with the Freundlich model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that it was a nonmonolayer chemisorption process. The adsorption process is a spontaneous, endothermic, entropy-increasing process, according to thermodynamic characteristics.

Determination of the Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Sulfate from the Sulfur Autotrophic Denitrification Process to Juvenile Zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Sulfur-based materials are widely used as electron donors for denitrification to enhance nitrogen removal from water. This leads to an increased sulfate concentration in the effluent or sulfate accumulation in recirculating aquaculture systems. This study explored acute and chronic toxicity of sulfate to juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) and investigated the histopathological changes in the gills of juvenile zebrafish exposed to sulfate. Results show that zebrafish had a high tolerance to sulfate, with no acute toxicity at sulfate concentrations from 250 to 3200 mg/L. For the chronic toxicity study, it was found that zebrafish mortality decreased with the increase in sulfate concentrations ranging from 250 to 1500 mg/L. In contrast, when the sulfate concentration was 1500-3000 mg/L, zebrafish mortality increased with the increasing sulfate concentration. In addition, in the ion balance test, KCl was added to balance the effects of Na+ from the Na2SO4 used to obtain the desired sulfate concentrations, showing that fish mortality correspondingly increased with increasing KCl addition. Furthermore, when living in an environment with elevated sulfate concentrations for a long period, changes were observed in the morphology, behavior, and gill tissue of the zebrafish, including slow and lateral swimming; bottom settling; and large opening and closing, lamellar fusion, and necrosis of gills. This research reveals the toxicity of sulfate to aquatic organisms, providing a scientific basis for the promotion and application of sulfur or sulfur-based materials in autotrophic reduction processes for wastewater treatment.

A study on the role of plasmonic Ti3C2Tx MXene in enhancing photoredox catalysis.

Engineering the spatial separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers has been one of the most enduring research topics in the field of photocatalysis due to its crucial role in determining the performances of photocatalysts. Herein, as a proof-of-concept, Ti3C2Tx MXene is coupled with a typical heterojunction of TiO2@CdS through a co-assembly strategy to boost electron pumping towards improving the photocatalytic efficiency. In addition to the band alignment-mediated electron transfer in TiO2@CdS-Ti3C2Tx heterojunctions, the plasmon-induced electric field enhancement of Ti3C2Tx is found to cooperate with the electron-reservoir role of Ti3C2Tx to extract photoinduced electrons. The synergistic dual functions of Ti3C2Tx promote multichannel electron transfer in TiO2@CdS-Ti3C2Tx hybrids to improve the photocatalytic efficiency. These results intuitively show that there is a wide scope to manipulate the spatial separation and transfer of photoinduced electrons by cultivating the fertile ground of Ti3C2Tx toward boosting the efficiency of solar-to-chemical conversion.

Enzyme-active liquid coacervate microdroplets as artificial membraneless organelles for intracellular ROS scavenging.

Artificial organelles are microcompartments capable of performing catalytic reactions in living cells to replace absent or lost cellular functions. Coacervate microdroplets, formed via liquid-liquid phase separation, have been developed as membraneless organelles that mimic the dynamical organization of liquid organelles. However, the further studies focusing on cellular implanting of coacervate microdroplets in living cells to supplement the dysfunction of natural cells are still rare. Here catalase (CAT)-containing coacervate microdroplets, developed as artificial membraneless organelles with unique liquid compartments, were integrated into living cells to scavenge intracellular massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and recover cell viability. The enzyme-containing coacervate microdroplets were constructed by sequestering CAT in poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDDA)/polyacrylic acid (PAA) coacervate microdroplets; their liquid-like fluidity was revealed by fluorescence recovery after bleaching, and coalescence experiment in vitro and in living cells. After cellular internalization, the coacervate microdroplets remained in the polymer-rich dense phase and retained enzymatic activities. CAT-mediated H2O2 removal and ROS scavenging in living cells decreased the cytotoxicity of H2O2, improving cell viability. The cell internalization of coacervate microdroplets in vitro provides a novel approach for designing artificial membraneless organelles in living cells. The strategy of using artificial organelle-mediated enzymatic reactions to supplement cellular dysfunctions can be exploited for their further biomedical applications.

Rice washing drainage (RWD) embedded in poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate as denitrification inoculum for high nitrate removal rate with low biodiversity.

Immobilization technology with low maintenance is a promising alternative to enhance nitrate removal from water. In this study, washing rice drainage (RWD) was immobilized by poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate (PVA/SA) to obtain RWD-PVA/SA gel beads as inoculum for denitrification. When initial nitrate concentration was 50 mg N/L, nitrate was effectively removed at rates of 50-600 mg/(L∙d) using acetate as carbon source (C/N = 1.25). Arrhenius activation energy (Ea) of nitrate oxidoreductase was 28.64 kJ/mol for the RWD-PVA/SA gel beads. Temporal and spatial variation in microbial community structures were revealed along with RWD storage and in the reactors by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. RWD-PVA/SA gel beads has a simple (operational taxonomic units (OTUs) ã€ˆ100). Dechloromonas, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium and Acidovorax were the most four dominant genera in the denitrification reactors inoculated with RWD-PVA/SA gel beads. This study provides an inoculum for denitrification with high nitrate removal performance and simple microbial community structures.

Room-Temperature Assembled MXene-Based Aerogels for High Mass-Loading Sodium-Ion Storage.

Low-temperature assembly of MXene nanosheets into three-dimensional (3D) robust aerogels addresses the crucial stability concern of the nano-building blocks during the fabrication process, which is of key importance for transforming the fascinating properties at the nanoscale into the macroscopic scale for practical applications. Herein, suitable cross-linking agents (amino-propyltriethoxysilane, Mn2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, and Co2+) as interfacial mediators to engineer the interlayer interactions are reported to realize the graphene oxide (GO)-assisted assembly of Ti3C2Tx MXene aerogel at room temperature. This elaborate aerogel construction not only suppresses the oxidation degradation of Ti3C2Tx but also generates porous aerogels with a high Ti3C2Tx content (87 wt%) and robustness, thereby guaranteeing the functional accessibility of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets and operational reliability as integrated functional materials. In combination with a further sulfur modification, the Ti3C2Tx aerogel electrode shows promising electrochemical performances as the freestanding anode for sodium-ion storage. Even at an ultrahigh loading mass of 12.3 mg cm-2, a pronounced areal capacity of 1.26 mAh cm-2 at a current density of 0.1 A g-1 has been achieved, which is of practical significance. This work conceptually suggests a new way to exert the utmost surface functionalities of MXenes in 3D monolithic form and can be an inspiring scaffold to promote the application of MXenes in different areas.

Protective Mechanism of Trimetazidine in Myocardial Cells in Myocardial Infarction Rats through ERK Signaling Pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effect of trimetazidine on myocardial cells in rats with myocardial infarction and explore its effect on ERK signaling pathway. METHODS: 40 SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group, model group, low-dose group, and high-dose group (intra-abdominal injection of trimetazidine 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively), construction of rat myocardial infarction model by coronary artery left anterior descending artery ligation. 7 days after surgery, the survival rate and cardiac function of each group of rats were recorded. The myocardial infarct size was detected by TTC staining. The apoptosis level of rat cardiomyocytes was detected by TUNEL staining. The content of ROS in rat cardiomyocytes was detected by DCFH-DA. Western-blot was used to detection of Caspase-3, Bcl-2/Bax, and ERK signaling pathway-related proteins in myocardial tissue. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, the survival rate of the rats in the low-dose group and the high-dose group was significantly increased (P < 0.01), the cardiac function was significantly improved (P < 0.01), the myocardial infarct size was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), the level of apoptosis was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), the content of ROS in cardiomyocytes was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), the protein expression of Caspase-3 and NF-κB in cardiomyocytes was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and the expression of Bcl-2/Bax and p-ERK were significantly increased (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Trimetazidine can activate ERK signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes of rats with myocardial infarction, increase the expression of p-ERK, decrease the content of ROS in cardiomyocytes, decrease the expression of apoptotic proteins, reduce myocardial infarct size, improve cardiac function, and increase myocardial function.

Porous hard carbon spheres derived from biomass for high-performance sodium/potassium-ion batteries.

Hard carbon is the most attractive anode material for electrochemical sodium/potassium-ion storage. The preparation of hard carbon spheres directly from the broad sources of biomass is of great interest but barely reported. Herein, we developed a simple two-step hydrothermal method to construct porous carbon microspheres directly from the original waste biomass of camellia shells. The porous carbon microspheres have high specific capacities of 250 mAh g-1and 264.5 mAh g-1at a current density of 100 mA g-1for sodium-ion batteries and potassium-ion batteries, respectively. And it has excellent cycle stability for sodium ions and potassium ions outperforming most reported hard carbons, which is mainly attributed to the microporous structure and spherical morphology. The work paves a way to prepare porous hard carbon spheres directly from biomass for alkali metal-ion batteries.

Surface Chemistry and Mesopore Dual Regulation by Sulfur-Promised High Volumetric Capacity of Ti3 C2 Tx Films for Sodium-Ion Storage.

Electrochemical sodium-ion storage has come out as a promising technology for energy storage, where the development of electrode material that affords high volumetric capacity and long-term cycling stability remains highly desired yet a challenge. Herein, Ti3 C2 Tx (MXene)-based films are prepared by using sulfur (S) as the mediator to modulate the surface chemistry and microstructure, generating S-doped mesoporous Ti3 C2 Tx films with high flexibility. The mesoporous architecture offers desirable surface accessibility without significantly sacrificing the high density of Ti3 C2 Tx film. Meanwhile, the surface sulfur doping of Ti3 C2 Tx favors the diffusion of sodium ions. These merits are of critical importance to realize high volumetric capacity of the electrode material. As a consequence, as the freestanding electrode material for electrochemical sodium-ion storage, the S-doped mesoporous Ti3 C2 Tx film exhibits a high volumetric capacity of 625.6 mAh cm-3 at 0.1 A g-1 , which outperforms that of many reported electrodes. Moreover, outstanding rate capability and excellent long-term cycling stability extending 5000 cycles are achieved. The work opens the door for innovative design and rational fabrication of MXene-based films with ultrahigh volumetric capacity for sodium-ion storage.

Study of the Interactions between MeOH and Daidzein at the Molecular Level.

In this study, the interactions between daidzein and methanol were studied to investigate isoflavone extraction. The complexes of MeOH-daidzein = 1:1, 2:1, 4:1, and 7:1 were studied using DFT/B3LYP-D3. According to the findings of this study, daidzein can act as a hydrogen bond donor as well as an acceptor. Binding energies demonstrate that more MeOH molecules interacting with daidzein could give more stability to the system. The strengths of the hydrogen bonds reveal that daidzein prefers to act as a hydrogen bond donor than an acceptor. The atoms in molecules (AIM) topological analysis was performed to analyze the nature of the hydrogen bonds. Moreover, daidzein, genistein, and glycitein are the most common soybean isoflavones, and their properties during extraction were also studied. The binding energies show that the soy isoflavone genistein is more reactive with the solvent than daidzein, followed by glycitein. The extraction conditions of the three common soy isoflavones in MeOH solution were obtained at 321, 328, and 348 K for genistein, daidzein, and glycitein, respectively. The generalized Kohn-Sham energy decomposition analysis (GKS-EDA) results indicate that the solute-solvent molecular interactions are typical hydrogen bonds with predominantly electrostatic and exchange energies in nature.

Effects of Aspirin on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats through STAT3 Signaling Pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role and mechanism of aspirin in myocardial injury induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats through STAT3 signaling pathway. METHODS: Sixty rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham operation group, MI/R group, and MI/R+aspirin group (aspirin group). The rats in the sham operation group did not ligate the LAD coronary artery, while the aspirin group ligated the LAD coronary artery, which caused the suture to be loosened after 30 minutes ischemia, and 60 mg/kg aspirin was injected into the tail vein 10 minutes before reperfusion. After three hours of reperfusion, the ultrasound system was used to collect hemodynamic parameters, including ejection fraction (EF%), shortening fraction (FS%), and left ventricular end-systolic pressure (LVESP%) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP%). Finally, the rats were euthanized; then, blood samples were taken for biochemical examination, myocardial tissue was collected, and the left ventricle was used for subsequent experiments. The gene expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by PCR. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, p-JAK2, total JAK2, p-STAT3, and total STAT3 were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the sham operation group and the aspirin group, the area of myocardial infarction in the MI/R was significantly increased (p < 0.05). In terms of hemodynamic parameters, LVEDP was significantly elevated in the MI/R group. The results of PCR showed that compared with the MI/R group, the mRNA expression of Bax in the aspirin group was significantly decreased, while that of Bcl-2 was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed that compared with the MI/R group, aspirin pretreatment significantly increased the expression levels of p-STAT3 and p-JAK2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The mechanism of aspirin preconditioning to protect the heart from MI/R injury appears to be related to JAK2/STAT3 and related to the activation of the signaling pathway.

Evaluation of the absorption performance of new compound absorbents for toluene under extremely high load.

Absorption is an effective way to control volatile organic compound (VOC) industrial air pollution, and the key variable in this process is the selection of suitable liquid absorbents to absorb as many organic pollutants as possible. The objective of this study was to prepare a series of high-efficiency absorbents with different proportions of vegetal oil, mineral oil, and waste engine oil, which can be used for toluene absorption. The absorption efficiency (AE), saturated absorption (SA), and effective absorption time (EAT) of various absorbents were systematically analyzed. The results showed that when the inlet concentration of toluene was 8000 mg/m3 and the inlet flow was 1 L/min, the SA capability of vegetal oil, mineral oil, and waste engine oil was 7.15, 12.43, and 18.16 mg/g, respectively. With the 4000 mg/m3 inlet concentration, the SA of the absorber which was made in the ratio of 2:3:1 was increased to 50.93 mg/g. According to the thermodynamic equilibrium and absorption results, it is proved that the influence of the composition of the absorbent on absorption is greater than viscosity. It is also to be noted that the AE of the composite absorbent can still reach more than 80% after three times of heating and air purification.

Schottky Junctions with Bi Cocatalyst for Taming Aqueous Phase N2 Reduction toward Enhanced Solar Ammonia Production.

Solar-powered N2 reduction in aqueous solution is becoming a research hotspot for ammonia production. Schottky junctions at the metal/semiconductor interface have been effective to build up a one-way channel for the delivery of photogenerated electrons toward photoredox reactions. However, their applications for enhancing the aqueous phase reduction of N2 to ammonia have been bottlenecked by the difficulty of N2 activation and the competing H2 evolution reaction (HER) at the metal surface. Herein, the application of Bi with low HER activity as a robust cocatalyst for constructing Schottky-junction photocatalysts toward N2 reduction to ammonia is reported. The introduction of Bi not only boosts the interfacial electron transfer from excited photocatalysts due to the built-in Schottky-junction effect at the Bi/semiconductor interface but also synchronously facilitates the on-site N2 adsorption and activation toward solar ammonia production. The unidirectional charge transfer to the active site of Bi significantly promotes the photocatalytic N2-to-ammonia conversion efficiency by 65 times for BiOBr. In addition, utilizing Bi to enhance the photocatalytic ammonia production can be extended to other semiconductor systems. This work is expected to unlock the promise of engineering Schottky junctions toward high-efficiency solar N2-to-ammonia conversion in aqueous phase.

Study and application of real-time control strategy based on DO and ORP in nitritation-denitrification SBR start-up.

In this study, nitritation-denitrification SBR was successfully begun within 5 days by maintaining a proper condition (pH > 8, DO 0.1-0.5 mg/L and 29.5 ± 0.5°C) and transient excessive aeration would not cause N-NO3 - accumulation. In the start-up stage, FA had an upward trend and reached to 10.98 mg NH3/L, which could entirely inhibit NOB. On the basis of experimental evidence, DO and ORP showed regular trends of variation and the first derivatives of DO and ORP as process control parameters in a nitritation-denitrification SBR was proposed. During the real-time control period, N-NH4 + in the outlet was less than 2 mg N-NH4 +/L and N-NH4 + removal efficiency was 97%, with nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) reaching 98%. After algorithm optimization by using 'Slope', the first derivatives of DO and ORP curves became smooth and interference signals were eliminated. Pre-aeration could promote nitritation rate from 23.76 mg/L/h to 26.27 mg/L/h and increase the transformation rate of N-NH4 + to N-NO2 - from 48.% to 79.6%. The 16S rDNA analysis showed that real-time control could cause a significant difference in microbial community. Nitrosomonas was the dominant strain in AOB and its relative abundance increased from 0.13% to 0.786%. Nitrospira was inhibited and washed out in nitritation-denitrification sludge.

[Removal Performance of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Heavy Metal Resistance Genes in Municipal Wastewater by Magnetic-Coagulation Process].

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in municipal wastewater pose a potential threat to the environment. In this study, the change in absolute and relative abundance of ARGs, metal resistance genes (MRGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGTs) were investigated during an emergent municipal wastewater treatment by the magnetic separation process. Results indicate that all the concentrations of targeted ARGs, MRGs, and MGTs decreased significantly in the primary and secondary stirring tank. However, the absolute abundance of some ARGs and MRGs increased in the effluent, which is likely caused by the presence of ample MGTs, in the order of int1 (2.00×1010 copies·mL-1) > int2 (1.91×108 copies·mL-1) > Tn 916/1545e(5.38×108 copies·mL-1). The results obtained from network and PCA analysis showed that the removal of ARGs and MRGs were significantly associated with variations in the microbial community and common pollutants in urban wastewater, such as suspended solids, phosphorus, and COD, which are important factors for affecting the removal efficiency of antibiotic resistance genes and metal heavy resistance genes. These results show that magnetic separation can effectively reduce common pollutants in urban wastewater and might further restrict the transmission and transfer of ARGs. Moreover, it is necessary to strengthen the subsequent management of magnetic separation effluent and dehydrated sludge by disinfection technologies to lessen the risk of antimicrobial contamination.