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BACKGROUND: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) poses a significant challenge to liver transplantation (LT). The underlying mechanism primarily involves overactivation of the immune system. Heat shock protein 110 (HSP110) functions as a molecular chaperone that helps stabilize protein structures. METHODS: An IRI model was established by performing LT on Sprague-Dawley rats, and HSP110 was silenced using siRNA. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, TUNEL, immunohistochemistry, ELISA and liver enzyme analysis were performed to assess IRI following LT. Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were conducted to investigate the pertinent molecular changes. RESULTS: Our findings revealed a significant increase in the expression of HSP110 at both the mRNA and protein levels in the rat liver following LT (P < 0.05). However, when rats were injected with siRNA-HSP110, IRI subsequent to LT was notably reduced (P < 0.05). Additionally, the levels of liver enzymes and inflammatory chemokines in rat serum were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Silencing HSP110 with siRNA resulted in a marked decrease in M1-type polarization of Kupffer cells in the liver and downregulated the NF-κB pathway in the liver (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: HSP110 in the liver promotes IRI after LT in rats by activating the NF-κB pathway and inducing M1-type polarization of Kupffer cells. Targeting HSP110 to prevent IRI after LT may represent a promising new approach for the treatment of LT-associated IRI.
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BACKGROUND: Efforts to precisely assess tumor-specific T-cell immune responses still face major challenges, and the potential molecular mechanisms mediating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment imbalance after incomplete radiofrequency ablation (iRFA) are unclear. This study aimed to provide further insight into the integrated transcriptomic and proteogenomic landscape and identify a new target involved in HCC progression following iRFA. METHODS: Peripheral blood and matched tissue samples were collected from 10 RFA-treated HCC patients. Multiplex immunostaining and flow cytometry were used to assess local and systemic immune responses. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were explored via transcriptomic and proteogenomic analyses. Proteinase-3 (PRTN3) was identified in these analyses. And then, the ability of PRTN3 to predict overall survival (OS) was assessed in 70 HCC patients with early recurrence after RFA. In vitro CCK-8, wound healing and transwell assays were conducted to observe interactions between Kupffer cells (KCs) and HCC cells induced by PRTN3. The protein levels of multiple oncogenic factors and signaling pathway components were detected by western blotting. A xenograft mouse model was built to observe the tumorigenic effect of PRTN3 overexpression on HCC. RESULTS: Multiplex immunostaining revealed no immediate significant change in local immune cell counts in periablational tumor tissues after 30 min of iRFA. Flow cytometry showed significantly increased levels of CD4+ T cells, CD4+CD8+ T cells, and CD4+CD25+CD127- Tregs and significantly decreased the levels of CD16+CD56+ natural killer cells on day 5 after cRFA (p < 0.05). Transcriptomics and proteomics revealed 389 DEGs and 20 DEPs. Pathway analysis showed that the DEP-DEGs were mainly enriched in the immunoinflammatory response, cancer progression and metabolic processes. Among the DEP-DEGs, PRTN3 was persistently upregulated and closely associated with the OS of patients with early recurrent HCC following RFA. PRTN3 expressed in KCs may affect the migration and invasion of heat stress-treated HCC cells. PRTN3 promotes tumor growth via multiple oncogenic factors and the PI3K/AKT and P38/ERK signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the immune response and transcriptomic and proteogenomic landscapes of the HCC milieu induced by iRFA, revealing that PRTN3 promotes HCC progression after iRFA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR2200055606, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=32588 .
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Proteogenómica , Ablación por Radiofrecuencia , Humanos , Ratones , Animales , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirugía , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirugía , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas , Línea Celular Tumoral , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
Acute rejection (AR) is an important factor that leads to poor prognosis after liver transplantation (LT). Macrophage M1-polarization is an important mechanism in AR development. MicroRNAs play vital roles in disease regulation; however, their effects on macrophages and AR remain unclear. In this study, rat models of AR were established following LT, and macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from rats and humans, respectively. We found miR-449a expression to be significantly reduced in macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Overexpression of miR-449a not only inhibited the M1-polarization of macrophages in vitro but also improved the AR of transplant in vivo. The mechanism involved inhibiting the noncanonical nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway. We identified procollagen-lysine1,2-oxoglutarate5-dioxygenase 1 (PLOD1) as a target gene of miR-449a, which could reverse miR-449a's inhibition of macrophage M1-polarization, amelioration of AR, and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Overall, miR-449a inhibited the NF-κB pathway in macrophages through PLOD1 and also inhibited the M1-polarization of macrophages, thus attenuating AR after LT. In conclusion, miR-449a and PLOD1 may be new targets for the prevention and mitigation of AR.
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Trasplante de Hígado , MicroARNs , Animales , Humanos , Ratas , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , MicroARNs/genética , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Procolágeno/metabolismo , Procolágeno/farmacologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To explore the potential biological function of XPA (Xeroderma pigmentosum group A) in hepatic neoplasms and the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: Liver cells were used as experimental models to establish HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) in vitro. Protein extractions were subjected to Western blotting to detect the proteins expression. The lentivirus transfection efficiency was confirmed by Western blot and RT-qPCR, Tunnel staining was used to detect apoptosis, and Transwell assays were used to observe cell migration and invasion. Cell proliferation was detected with colony formation and CCK-8 (cell counting kit-8) assays. RESULTS: XPA expression was obviously lower in HCC tissue and liver cancer cell lines. XPA overexpression induced autophagy and apoptosis by increasing LC3B II/I, Beclin1, cleaved-caspase-3, and Bax expression and decreasing p62 and Bcl2 protein levels. XPA also suppressed HCC EMT (Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition) by increasing E-cadherin and decreasing N-cadherin and vimentin protein expression. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vivo were significantly inhibited by the overexpression of XPA, and p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR expression were decreased in LV-XPA cells. In general, XPA inhibited HCC by inducing autophagy and apoptosis and by modulating the expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR proteins. CONCLUSIONS: XPA overexpression was found to suppress HCC by inducing autophagy and apoptosis and repressing EMT and proliferation. Each of these effects may be involved in modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable pathological process exacerbating the occurrence of rejection in liver transplantation. At present, there is still a lack of sufficient cognition for the mechanism as well as effective clinical strategies. F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 5 (FBXW5), a key modulator of stress signalling, was recently reported to participate in hepatic immunity. However, the role of FBXW5 in liver IRI is still unclear. In the present study, we found expression of FBXW5 was increased in liver IRI both in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of FBXW5 significantly alleviated both mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase (IKK) pathways, thus resulting in cytokine release, hepatic pathological injury and apoptosis. Over-expression of FBXW5 achieved an opposite effect. Investigations on the mechanism showed that FBXW5 intensified hepatic inflammation by promoting phosphorylation of ASK1, while blockade of TRAF6 could abolish this process. Moreover, reinforce of mTOR amplified the anti-inflammatory efficacy derived from inhibition of FBXW5, indicating the function of FBXW5/ASK1/TRAF6 axis in hepatic IRI might be relatively independent of mTOR-guided M2 polarization of Kupffer cell. Taken together, FBXW5 could be a key accelerator in liver IRI by enhancing activation of ASK1 in a TRAF6-dependent manner. The joint intervention towards both FBXW5 and mTOR might be a promising strategy to protect liver from IRI.
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Proteínas F-Box/metabolismo , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , MAP Quinasa Quinasa Quinasa 5/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Apoptosis , Citocinas/metabolismo , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Proteínas F-Box/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Macrófagos del Hígado , Hígado , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Modelos Animales , Fosforilación , Fosfotransferasas/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury (IRI) represents a crucial challenge in liver transplantation. Fisetin has anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and anti-oxidative properties. This study aimed to examine whether fisetin mitigates hepatic IRI and examine its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Sham or warm hepatic I/R operated mice were pretreated with fisetin (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg). Hepatic histological assessments, TUNEL assays and serum aminotransferase measurements were performed. An in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model using RAW264.7 macrophages pretreated with fisetin (2.5, 5 or 10 µmol/L) was also used. Serum and cell supernatant concentrations of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Protein levels of p-GSK3ß, p-AMPK and NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)-associated proteins were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with the I/R group, fisetin pretreatment reduced pathological liver damage, serum aminotransferase levels, serum concentrations of IL-1ß, IL-18 and TNF-α in the murine IRI model. Fisetin also reduced the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins (NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1ß and IL-18) in I/R-operated liver. The experiments in vitro showed that fisetin decreased the release of IL-1ß, IL-18 and TNF-α, and reduced the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins in H/R-treated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, fisetin increased the expressions of p-GSK3ß and p-AMPK in both models, indicating that its anti-inflammatory effects were dependent on GSK3ß/AMPK signaling. The anti-inflammatory effects of fisetin were partially inhibited by the AMPK specific inhibitor compound C. CONCLUSIONS: Fisetin showed protective effects against hepatic IRI, countering inflammatory responses through mediating the GSK3ß/AMPK/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Inflamasomas , Daño por Reperfusión , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP , Animales , Antiinflamatorios , Flavonoles , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3 beta , Interleucina-18 , Interleucina-1beta , Hígado , Ratones , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR , Daño por Reperfusión/prevención & control , Transaminasas , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfaRESUMEN
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable pathological process in liver resection, shock and transplantation. However, the internal mechanism of hepatic IRI, including inflammatory transduction of multiple signaling pathways, is not fully understood. In the present study, we identified pleckstrin homology-like domain family member 1 (PHLDA1), suppressed by microRNA (miR)-194, as a critical intersection of dual inflammatory signals in hepatic IRI. PHLDA1 was upregulated in hepatic IRI with a concomitant downregulation of miR-194. Overexpression of miR-194 diminished PHLDA1 and inhibitors of the nuclear factor kappa-B kinase (IKK) pathway, thus leading to remission of hepatic pathological injury, apoptosis and release of cytokines. Further enrichment of PHLDA1 reversed the function of miR-194 both in vivo and in vitro. For an in-depth query, we verified PHLDA1 as a direct target of miR-194. Notably, inflammatory signal transduction of PHLDA1 was induced by activating TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), sequentially initiating IKK and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), both of which aggravate stress and inflammation in hepatic IRI. In conclusion, the miR-194/PHLDA1 axis was a key upstream regulator of IKK and MAPK in hepatic IRI. Targeting PHLDA1 might be a potential strategy for hepatic IRI therapy.
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Hepatopatías/genética , Hepatopatías/metabolismo , Hepatopatías/prevención & control , MicroARNs/genética , Daño por Reperfusión/prevención & control , Factor 6 Asociado a Receptor de TNF/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Quinasa I-kappa B/antagonistas & inhibidores , Quinasa I-kappa B/metabolismo , Inflamación , Hepatopatías/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/antagonistas & inhibidores , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7 , Transducción de Señal/genética , Factor 6 Asociado a Receptor de TNF/antagonistas & inhibidores , Factor 6 Asociado a Receptor de TNF/genética , Factores de Transcripción/antagonistas & inhibidores , Factores de Transcripción/genéticaRESUMEN
AIM: To investigate the potential role of IL37 in hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury and its underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS: C57BL/6 mouse and hepatocytes were used to establish the hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) and the hypoxia reoxygenation (HR) injury model in vivo and in vitro, separately. Total extraction of tissue and cell protein expressions of LC3B, Beclin1, p62, cleaved caspase3, caspase3, bax, bcl2, AMPK, mTOR, ULK1 were detected by western blot. IL37 mRNA and protein level were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot. ALT and AST serum level were measured by microplate readers. H&E staining was used to assess the tissue sections. Autophagy was measured by TEM and confocal laser microscopy. Apoptosis in tissue and cell were detected by TUNEL staining. RESULTS: Autophagy was aberrantly activated by H2R6 and I1R12. Both exogenous IL37 and endogenous IL37 exerted protective effects on hepatocytes by affecting both autophagy-related proteins, specifically, by suppressing LC3B II and Beclin1 expression and increasing p62 levels and apoptosis-related proteins specifically, by inhibiting cleaved caspase3 and Bax expression and increasing Bcl2 expression during HR. Furthermore, endogenous IL37 inactivated AMPK and ULK1 phosphorylation and promoted mTOR phosphorylation in hepatocytes. Furthermore, in vivo experiments, serum liver enzyme measurements, TUNEL assays, and histological assessments, as well as other typical evaluations, showed the protective effect of IL37 overexpression in mice. CONCLUSION: Endogenous and exogenous IL37 were found to ameliorate hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting excessive autophagy and apoptosis, these effects may be connected with the modulation of AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling complex.
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Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Apoptosis , Homólogo de la Proteína 1 Relacionada con la Autofagia/metabolismo , Autofagia , Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Hepatopatías/prevención & control , Daño por Reperfusión/prevención & control , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/genética , Animales , Homólogo de la Proteína 1 Relacionada con la Autofagia/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Interleucina-1/genética , Hepatopatías/etiología , Hepatopatías/metabolismo , Hepatopatías/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Fosforilación , Daño por Reperfusión/etiología , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Transducción de Señal , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: RNA methylation modifying plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of a range of human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is characterized by a mass of genetic and epigenetic alterations. However, the treatment targeting these alterations is limited. METHODS: We used comprehensive bioinformatics analysis to analyze the correlation between cancer-associated RNA methylation regulators and HCC malignant features in network datasets. RESULTS: We identified two HCC subgroups (cluster 1 and 2), which had clearly distinct clinicopathological, biofunctional and prognostic characteristics, by consensus clustering. The cluster 2 subgroup correlated with malignancy of the primary tumor, higher tumor stage, higher histopathological grade and higher frequency of TP53 mutation, as well as with shorter survival when compared with cluster 1. Gene enrichment indicated that the cluster 2 correlated to the tumor malignancy signaling and biological processes. Based on these findings, an 11-gene risk signature was built, which not only was an independent prognostic marker but also had an excellent power to predict the tumor features. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicated that RNA methylation regulators are vital for HCC malignant progression and provide an important evidence for RNA methylation, methylation regulators are actionable targets for anticancer drug discovery.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Mutación , ARN Neoplásico/genética , Transcriptoma/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores de Tumor/biosíntesis , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Metilación de ADN , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , ARN Neoplásico/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Immuno-inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiological process of sepsis-associated acute hepatic injury (AHI). Interleukin 27 (IL-27) is an important inflammatory regulator; however, its role in this condition is not clear. METHODS: The clinical data and IL-27 serum levels in sepsis patients with or without AHI were analysed. Classical caecal ligation puncture (CLP) models were established in wild-type (WT) and IL-27 receptor (WSX-1)-deficient (IL-27R-/-) mice. In addition, exogenous IL-27 was injected into these mice, and the levels of IL-27, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the serum and liver were then measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), quantitative PCR, and Western blotting. The severity of liver damage was evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin staining of liver tissue, TUNEL assay and evaluation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) serum levels. Furthermore, the effects of IL-27 on the levels of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in macrophages were assessed by Western blotting, and the effects of IL-27 on the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in macrophages were assessed by ELISA. RESULTS: IL-27 was elevated in sepsis patients with acute hepatic injury, which correlated with the Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHEII) scores, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, and procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, IL-6, and TNF-α expression. In the CLP-WT group, IL-27 was highly expressed in the serum and liver, which correlated with the elevated content of ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6, and p-JNK in the serum and liver and the pathological injury of the liver. In CLP-IL-27R-/- group, however, the levels of ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6, and p-JNK in the serum and liver and the pathological injury of the liver were decreased. Treatment with exogenous IL-27 led to a further increase in these cytokines in WT mice after CLP. IL-27 treatment and lipopolysaccharide stimulation in vitro increased the expression of p-JNK, IL-6, and TNF-α in macrophages, and these changes were decreased by a JNK signalling pathway inhibitor. CONCLUSION: IL-27 is elevated in sepsis patients, especially those with acute hepatic injury. In addition, IL-27 can promote inflammatory reactions in the CLP-induced hepatic injury mice model.
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Ciego/cirugía , Inflamación/sangre , Interleucina-27/sangre , Hepatopatías/sangre , Hígado/patología , Sepsis/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Inflamación/complicaciones , Ligadura , Hepatopatías/complicaciones , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Persona de Mediana Edad , Punciones , Células RAW 264.7 , Sepsis/complicaciones , Células THP-1RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Small-for-size graft (SFSG) has emerged as one of the very contentions in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) as a certain graft size is related to recipients' prognosis. Graft-to-recipient weight ratio (GRWR) ≥0.8% was considered as a threshold to conduct LDLT. However, this also has been challenged over decades as a result of technique refinements. For a better understanding of SFSG in practice, we conducted this meta-analysis to compare the perioperative outcomes and long-term outcomes between patients adopting the grafts with a lower volume (GRWR < 0.8%, SFSG group) and sufficient volume (GRWR ≥ 0.8%, non-SFSG group) in adult-to-adult LDLT. DATA SOURCES: The studies comparing recipients adopting graft with a GRWR < 0.8% and ≥ 0.8% were searched by three authors independently in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases until September 2018 and data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3.5. RESULTS: Sixteen studies with a total of 3272 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. In terms of small-for-size syndrome (SFSS), no significant difference was found in subjects enrolled after year 2010 (before 2010, OR=3.00, 95% CI: 1.69-5.35, Pâ¯=â¯0.0002; after 2010, OR=1.23, 95% CI: 0.79-1.90, Pâ¯=â¯0.36; P for interaction: 0.02). There was no significant difference in operative duration, blood loss, cold ischemia time, biliary complications, acute rejection, postoperative bleeding, hospitalization time, perioperative mortality, and 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggested that adopting SFSG in adult LDLT has comparable outcomes to those with non-SFSG counterparts since 2010.
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Selección de Donante , Supervivencia de Injerto , Trasplante de Hígado/métodos , Donadores Vivos , Adulto , Femenino , Rechazo de Injerto/etiología , Rechazo de Injerto/mortalidad , Humanos , Trasplante de Hígado/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Hígado/mortalidad , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/mortalidad , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Both activating and inactivating mutations in catenin ß1 (ctnnb1), which encodes ß-catenin, have been implicated in liver tumorigenesis in humans and mice, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Herein, we show that deletion of endogenous ß-catenin in hepatocytes aggravated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development driven by an oncogenic version of ß-catenin (CAT) in combination with the hepatocyte growth factor receptor MET proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (MET). Although the mitogenic signaling and cell cycle progression was modestly impaired after CAT/MET transfection, the ß-catenin-deficient livers displayed changes in transcriptomes, increased DNA damage response, expanded Sox9+ cells, and up-regulation of protumorigenic cytokines, including interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor ß1. These events eventually exacerbated CAT/MET-driven hepatocarcinogenesis in ß-catenin-deficient livers, featured by up-regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), protein kinase B (Akt), and Wnt/ß-catenin signaling and cyclin D1 expression. The resultant mouse tumors showed similar transcriptomes to human HCC samples with concomitant CTNNB1 mutations and MET overexpression. CONCLUSION: These data argue that while dominantly activating mutants of ß-catenin are oncogenic, inhibiting the oncogenic signaling pathway generates a pro-oncogenic microenvironment that may facilitate HCC recurrence following a targeted therapy of the primary tumor. An effective therapeutic strategy must require disruption of the oncogenic signaling in tumor cells and suppression of the secondary tumor-promoting stromal effects in the liver microenvironment. (Hepatology 2018;67:1807-1822).
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Hepatocitos/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-met/genética , beta Catenina/genética , Animales , Carcinogénesis/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/genética , Humanos , Hígado/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Ratones , Oncogenes , Proto-Oncogenes Mas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-met/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , beta Catenina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Autophagy is an intracellular "self-eating" process that is closely related to inflammation and cellular immunity. New studies indicate that autophagy is also involved in tumor suppression. The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-37 (IL-37) has been shown to have tumor-suppressive abilities in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Notably, autophagy appears to play a dual role in the development of HCC and may be involved in both tumorigenesis and tumor suppression. However, the potential role of IL-37 in autophagy is currently unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of IL-37 on autophagy in multiple HCC cell lines. In doing so, we found that IL-37 inhibits proliferation in HCC cells and also induces autophagy and apoptosis in the SMMC-7721 and Huh-7 cell lines. Further experiments revealed that IL-37 treatment reduced the levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT), phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), phosphorylated p70 ribosomal protein s6 kinase (p-p70S6K) and phosphorylated 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). Moreover, treatment with an AKT agonist, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), reversed these IL-37-mediated effects on autophagy, and treatment with an phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT inhibitor, LY294002, mimicked the effects of IL-37. Taken together, these results indicate that IL-37 regulates autophagy in SMMC-7721 and Huh-7 cells via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Autofagia/fisiología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Apoptosis/fisiología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/fisiología , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Fosforilación/fisiología , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas S6 Ribosómicas 70-kDa/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of resveratrol against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) and explore the potential underlying mechanism. Resveratrol-pretreated BRL-3A (rat liver) cells and rats underwent hypoxia/reoxygenation and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion, respectively. BRL-3A cell damage was evaluated, and the mRNA and protein expression of related signal molecules was assessed in cell model. The protein expression of related signal molecules was also assessed in rat model. Inflammatory cytokines levels were determined in the cell supernatant and rat serum while rat liver function and hepatocyte apoptosis were assessed. The results revealed that resveratrol significantly enhanced cell viability, inhibited cell apoptosis, and decreased levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-(IL)-1ß in the cell supernatant. In addition, resveratrol ameliorated elevated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and the depressed inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB)-α caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation stimulation in BRL-3A cells. Moreover, resveratrol inhibited the translocation of NF-κB p65 after the stimulation of hypoxia/reoxygenation in BRL-3A cells. In vivo assays revealed that resveratrol reduced levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and liver pathological changes, while it alleviated hepatocyte apoptosis, negatively mediated the production of TNF-α and IL-1ß in serum, and reversed TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway caused by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion stimulation in liver tissues. The results indicate that resveratrol protected hepatocytes against HIRI, which may be mediated in part via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Hepatocitos/efectos de los fármacos , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/tratamiento farmacológico , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Estilbenos/uso terapéutico , Receptor Toll-Like 4/metabolismo , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hepatocitos/fisiología , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Resveratrol , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Everolimus has no nephrotoxicity and is used to treat patients with post-liver transplant chronic renal insufficiency. The present systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of everolimus in de novo liver transplant patients. DATA SOURCES: Randomized controlled trials comparing everolimus for de novo liver transplant in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect published up to March 31, 2014 were searched by two independent reviewers. Mean differences and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for renal function, relative risk (RR) and 95% CI for treated biopsy-proven acute rejection (tBPAR), graft loss, death, neoplasms/tumor recurrence, and adverse events were collected. Meta-analyses were performed with RevMan version 5.10. RESULTS: A total of four randomized controlled trials covering 1119 cases were included. The meta-analyses revealed that compared with standard exposure of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), everolimus combined with reduced CNIs improved creatinine clearance (calculated with the Cockcroft-Gault formula) by 5.13 mL/min at one year (95% CI: 0.42-9.84; P=0.03), and decreased tBPAR (RR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.35-0.90; P=0.02). Everolimus initiation with CNIs elimination improved glomerular filtration rate (GFR, measured with the modification of diet in renal disease formula) of 10.42 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI: 3.44-17.41; P<0.01) one year after treatment, but increased tBPAR (RR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.15-2.53; P<0.01). Everolimus decreased the risk of neoplasms/tumor recurrence after liver transplant (RR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.34-1.03; P=0.06), but was associated with greater risk of adverse events which resulted in drug discontinuation (RR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.49-2.64; P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Early introduction of everolimus combined with low-dose or no CNI in de novo liver transplant significantly improves renal function one year post treatment. Everolimus combined with low-dose CNI decreases the risk of tBPAR one year after liver transplant, but everolimus administered without CNIs increases tBPAR.
Asunto(s)
Everolimus/uso terapéutico , Rechazo de Injerto/tratamiento farmacológico , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/prevención & control , Trasplante de Hígado , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/prevención & control , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/fisiopatología , Inhibidores de la Calcineurina/administración & dosificación , Quimioterapia Combinada , Everolimus/efectos adversos , Rechazo de Injerto/patología , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/efectos adversos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como AsuntoRESUMEN
AIM: To observe the inhibition of hepatitis b virus(HBV) transcription in vitro by zinc fingrer protein(ZFP) which was designed specifically to bind DNA sequence in the HBV core promoter(Cp). METHODS: The sequence of HBV Cp was submitted to the Zinc Finger Tools and selected a sequence from the Cp as the target site of ZFP. The nucleic acid sequence of ZFP was synthesised and cloned into pEGFP-N1 or pcDNA3.1(+) to construct the recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1/ZFP-Flag or pcDNA3.1(+)/ZFP. COS-7 cells were transfected with pEGFP-N1 or pEGFP-N1/ZFP-Flag, the expression of ZFP was observed by green fluorescent microscope, RT-PCR and Western blot. HepG2.2.15 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1(+) or pcDNA3.1(+)/ZFP, HBeAg and HBV DNA levels in cell supernatant were detected by ELISA and FQ-PCR, HBV mRNA was tested by RT-PCR. RESULTS: ZFP can express in COS-7 cells.In th presence of ZFP, HBeAg expression and HBV DNA level was significantly reduce(P<0.05), and HBV mRNA was dramatically decreased. CONCLUSION: ZFP can express in eukaryotic cells and inhibit the transcription of HBV in vitro.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Hepatitis B/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Transcripción Genética , Dedos de Zinc/fisiología , Replicación del ADN , ADN Viral , Regulación Viral de la Expresión Génica , Células Hep G2 , Antígenos e de la Hepatitis B/genética , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have clearly validated the association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with chronic HBV infection are at increased risk of HCC, in particular those with active liver disease and cirrhosis. METHODS: We catalogued all published interactions between HBV and human proteins, identifying 250 descriptions of HBV and human protein interactions and 146 unique human proteins that interact with HBV proteins by text mining. RESULTS: Integration of this data set into a reconstructed human interactome showed that cellular proteins interacting with HBV are made up of core proteins that are interconnected with many pathways. A global analysis based on functional annotation highlighted the enrichment of cellular pathways targeted by HBV. CONCLUSIONS: By connecting the cellular proteins targeted by HBV, we have constructed a central network of proteins associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, which might be to regard as the basis of a detailed map for tracking new cellular interactions, and guiding future investigations.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/virología , Virus de la Hepatitis B/metabolismo , Hepatitis B Crónica/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/virología , Proteínas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Minería de Datos , Hepatitis B Crónica/metabolismo , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: With the establishment of genetically modified and gene knock-out models, the mouse has become an important animal model for liver transplantation. We examined hepatic rearterialization after liver transplantation in a mouse model. METHODS: Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed in 70 mice and sham-operation was performed in a control group of 40 mice. Based on the "two-cuff" method, a continuous suture approach was applied to the suprahepatic inferior vena cava and a cuff approach to the portal vein and the infrahepatic inferior vena cava. A biliary stent was inserted into the bile duct. The hepatic artery was reconstructed with end-to-side anastomosis. The survival rate of recipients was monitored at 24 hours, one week, and one month after the operation. Liver function and morphology were evaluated one month postoperatively. RESULTS: Postoperative survival rates were 94.3% at 24 hours, 91.4% at one week, and 85.7% at one month. No significant difference was seen between the experimental and control groups in liver function. The hepatic tissue preserved normal structure. CONCLUSION: Owing to its high survival rate and stability, this surgical approach is ideal for establishing an orthotopic liver transplantation mouse model with hepatic artery reconstruction.
Asunto(s)
Arteria Hepática/cirugía , Trasplante de Hígado , Hígado/irrigación sanguínea , Hígado/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Vasculares , Anastomosis Quirúrgica , Animales , Supervivencia de Injerto , Hígado/patología , Pruebas de Función Hepática , Masculino , Ratones , Modelos Animales , Vena Porta/cirugía , Técnicas de Sutura , Factores de Tiempo , Trasplante Homólogo , Vena Cava Inferior/cirugíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of the co-expression plasmid of tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) and vascular endothelia growth factor165 (VEGF165) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and to study the effect of expressing products on the proliferation of VEC and VSMC and fibrinolysis activity. METHODS: The co-expression plasmid of tPA and VEGF165 (pBudCE4.1/tPA-VEGF165) was transfected into VSMC with the lipofection. The expression of tPA and VEGF165 at mRNA level was detected by RT-PCR and the protein level expression was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The fibrinolysis activity of culture medium of VSMC transfected tPA and VEGF165 genes was detected by fibrin plate technique. The VEC and VSMC were cultured with culture medium of VSMC transfected tPA and VEGF165 genes. And the proliferation of VEC and VSMC was evaluated with monoterazolium (MTT) and flow cytometry (FCM). RESULTS: The expression of tPA and VEGF165 at mRNA and protein levels in the transfected VSMC was demonstrated by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The VSMC culture medium of transfected genes possessed evidently fibrinolysis activity. The expression products of tPA and VEGF165 in the VSMC had an evident effect on the VEC proliferation. But it had not an effect on the VSMC proliferation. CONCLUSION: The eukaryotic co-expression plasmid of tPA and VEGF165 can be expressed in transfected VSMCs. The expression products have an obvious biological activity. The present study lay the foundation for future making use of tPA and VEGF165 to prevent and treat vascular stenosis in transplanted heart.