The Role of GLP-1, GIP, MCP-1 and IGFBP-7 Biomarkers in the Development of Metabolic Disorders: A Review and Predictive Analysis in the Context of Diabetes and Obesity.

Metabolic illnesses, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, have become worldwide epidemics that have an effect on public health. Clinical investigations and further exploration of these mechanisms could lead to innovative, effective, and personalized treatment strategies for individuals. It is important to screen biomarkers in previous studies to discover what is missing. Glucagon-like peptide-1's role in insulin secretion and glucose control highlights its diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide's influence on postprandial satiety and weight management signifies its importance in understanding metabolic processes. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1's involvement in inflammation and insulin resistance underlines its value as a diagnostic marker. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7's association with insulin sensitivity and kidney function presents it as a potential target for these diseases' management. In validating these biomarkers, it will be easier to reflect pathophysiological processes, and clinicians will be able to better assess disease severity, monitor disease progression, and tailor treatment strategies. The purpose of the study was to elucidate the significance of identifying novel biomarkers for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, which can revolutionize early detection, risk assessment, and personalized treatment strategies. Standard literature searches of PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were conducted in the year 2023 to identify both original RCTs and recent systematic reviews that have explored the importance of identifying novel biomarkers for T2D and obesity. This search produced 1964 results, and then was reduced to randomized controlled trial and systematic reviews, producing 145 results and 44 results, respectively. Researchers have discovered potential associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity and the biomarkers glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7. Understanding the role of those biomarkers in disease pathogenesis offers hope for improving diagnostics, personalized treatment, and prevention strategies.

Obesity, Bariatric Surgery and Obstructive Sleep Apnea-A Narrative Literature Review.

The purpose of this review was to analyze the available literature on the subject of obesity and obstructive sleep apnea. We searched for available articles for the time period from 2013 to 2023. Obesity is listed as one of the most important health issues. Complications of obesity, with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) listed among them, are common problems in clinical practice. Obesity is a well-recognized risk factor for OSA, but OSA itself may contribute to worsening obesity. Bariatric surgery is a treatment of choice for severely obese patients, especially with present complications, and remains the only causative treatment for patients with OSA. Though improvement in OSA control in patients after bariatric surgery is well-established knowledge, the complete resolution of OSA is achieved in less than half of them. The determination of subpopulations of patients in whom bariatric surgery would be especially advantageous is an important issue of OSA management. Increasing the potential of non-invasive strategies in obesity treatment requires studies that assess the efficacy and safety of combined methods.

The Path of a Cardiac Patient-From the First Symptoms to Diagnosis to Treatment: Experiences from the Tertiary Care Center in Poland.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are major concerns in the healthcare system. An individual diagnostic approach and personalized therapy are key areas of an effective therapeutic process. The major aims of this study were: (1) to assess leading patient problems related to symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of CVDs, (2) to examine patients' opinions about the healthcare system in Poland, and (3) to provide a proposal of practical solutions. The 27-point author's questionnaire was distributed in the Cardiology Department of the Tertiary Care Centre between 2nd September-13th November 2021. A total of 132 patients were recruited, and 82 (62.12%; nmale = 37, 45.12%; nfemale = 45, 54.88%) was finally included. The most common CVDs were arrhythmias and hypertension (both n = 43, 52.44%). 23 (28.05%) patients had an online appointment. Of the patients, 66 (80.49%) positively assessed and obtained treatment, while 11 (13.41%) patients declared they received a missed therapy. The participants identified: (1) waiting time (n = 31; 37.80%), (2) diagnostic process (n = 18; 21.95%), and (3) high price with limited availability of drugs (n = 12; 14.63%) as the areas that needed the strongest improvement. Younger patients more often negatively assessed doctor visits (30-40 yr.; p = 0.02) and hospital interventions (40-50 yr.; p = 0.008). Older patients (50-60 years old) less often negatively assessed the therapeutic process (p = 0.01). The knowledge of the factors determining patient adherence to treatment and satisfaction by Medical Professionals is crucial in providing effective treatment. Areas that require the strongest improvement are: (1) waiting time for an appointment and diagnosis, (2) limited availability and price of drugs, and (3) prolonged, complicated diagnostic process. Providing practical solutions is a crucial aspect of improving CVDs therapy.