Minimal invasive prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with Down syndrome: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Down syndrome (DS), an easily recognized congenital disease, is associated with a high prevalence of dental anomalies. Therefore, special dental care is required. CASE PRESENTATION: This case report described the minimally invasive prosthetic rehabilitation of a 31-year-old female patient with DS. Prompt diagnosis, consultation with physicians and family, and accurate medical history were needed, and relevant dental, medical, mental, and behavioral factors were considered. A minimally invasive treatment plan was decided after clinical examination, orthopantomography (OPG), and study model analysis. For the upper jaw, an over denture was constructed. For the lower jaw, a simple metal-frame partial denture was made. This treatment plan was decided after considering the difficulty in dentist-patient collaboration and a small maxilla with poor positioning of teeth and negative overbite and over jet. CONCLUSION: Considering different patient factors including patient cooperation, as well as the medical and dental conditions associated with DS, a minimally invasive prosthodontic treatment option was recommended.

The influence of Zirconia and Fiber posts with different lengths on Fracture strength of Maxillary Central Incisors restored with zirconia crowns - An in vitro study.

PURPOSE: Endodontically treated teeth are more susceptible to fractures than vital teeth because of significant coronal and radicular dentin loss during endodontic therapeutic procedures. The objective of this study was to estimate and compare the influence of length and post type on the fracture strength of endodontically treated maxillary central incisors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this in vitro study, sixty extracted human maxillary central incisors were decoronated 2 mm above the cemento-enamel junction.They were selected and subjected to standard endodontic treatment ,resulting in preparation with lengths of 5 mm (group 5mm),7,5 mm (group 7,5 mm) and 10 mm (group 10mm). Each group was randomly divided into 2 subgroups according to the post type , zirconia and fiber post. After appropriate surface treatment,they were cementet with resin adhesive cement and restored with zirconia crowns. Thermocycling (5 -55°C, 60 seconds, 1500 cycles) was performed after cementing the zirconia crowns on each tooth. Prepared samples were subjected to compresive static load of 0.5mm / min, at an angle of 130° to the long axis of the roots, using Universal Testing Machine (Matest ) at an cross head speed of 0.5 mm / min, until fracture.The significance of the results was assessed using 2-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer test (α=0.05) Results:The ANOVA analysis indicated significant differences (P<0.05) between the groups. Tukey test revealed no significant difference among the zirconia posts of 5-mm length (26.5 N ±13.4) 7,5-mm length (25.2 N ±13.9), and 10-mm length (17.1 N ±5.2). Also, in the fiber post group, there was no significant difference when posts of 7.5-mm length (13.4 N ±11.0) were compared with the 5-mm (6.9 N ±4.6) and 10-mm (31.7 N ±13.1) groups. The 10-mm long post displayed superior fracture strength, and the 5mm-long post showed significantly lower mean values (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The fracture strength of zirconia posts (5-mm and 7,5- mm length)was found to be significantly higher than those of fiber posts (5-mm and 7,5- mm length). The 10-mm long fiberpost group demonstrated significantly higher values of fracture strengths and the 5-mm long fiberpost group showed the lowest values for the force resulting in root fracture; these groups were significantly different from each other (P<.001).The fracture strength analysis with Universal Testing Machine is the only method that enables us to estimate the differences between zirconia and fiber posts with different lengths on endodontically treated teeth.

Minimally invasive gingival phenotype modification in gingival recession associated with a non-carious cervical lesion using the root plastique technique: A quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest study.

BACKGROUND: This study introduces the root plastique technique (RPT), the aim of which is to modify the gingival phenotype of sites with gingival recessions (GRs) associated with non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) prior to surgical treatment. METHODS: RPT was performed in 22 subjects with 53 RT1 A/B + GRs. Changes in keratinized tissue thickness (KTT), keratinized tissue width (KTW), relative gingival recession (RGR), relative clinical attachment level (RCAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD) were measured at baseline (T0) and 2 months (T1) after the procedure was performed. All analyses were performed by means of hierarchical models. RESULTS: The study revealed statistically significant changes (P < 0.01) in KTT (0.45 ± 0.04 mm), RGR (0.80 ± 0.13 mm), KTW (0.67 ± 0.07 mm), and RCAL (-0.72 ± 0.16 mm). No changes in PPD (P > 0.05) were observed. Regression analyses of KTT increase and RGR reduction at T0 showed statistically significant correlation between the two variables (P < 0.05). All the teeth with a KTT of <0.8 mm at T0 (N = 14) reached or surpassed this threshold at T1. CONCLUSION: RPT increases KTT and KTW. In most of the sites, a reduction in GR was also achieved.

Modern Applications and Innovations of 3D Dental Imaging.

Recent improvements in imaging techniques have profoundly facilitated the diagnosis of pathologies of the maxillofacial district and provided all the information necessary to plan an adequate treatment plan. Three-dimensional (3D) radiographic diagnostic exams, reworked by specific software that allow easy viewing of images and various graphic reworkings, are frequently applied to maxillofacial district for the diagnosis of various pathologies, which, until a few years ago, required several radiographic examinations.1,2.

Accuracy of DICOM-DICOM vs. DICOM-STL Protocols in Computer-Guided Surgery: A Human Clinical Study.

Guided implant surgery can enhance implant placement positioning, increasing predictability and decreasing postoperative complications., To date, the best protocol to be used for template realization is still unknown. Thus, the aim herein was to clinically compare the accuracy of two different protocols. A total of 48 implants were divided into Group A (24 implants), in which a stereolithographic template was realized using the digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) data arrived from cone beam computer tomographies (CBCTs) (patients and prothesis alone), and Group B (24 implant), in which a standard intraoral stent with a standardized extraoral support was used for patients' intraoral impressions and CBCT. The preimplant virtual planning and postsurgery CBCT images of both groups were superimposed, and differences were registered in terms of average deviations at the platform (a) and implant apex (b), mean depth change (c), and angular deviation (d). The results demonstrated that there were no statistically significant differences between groups (p = 0.76) for the parameters measured. However, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between maxillary and mandible implant surgery, as the latter showed greater accuracy. Additional studies are necessary to further reduce discrepancies between planning and surgical procedures.

THE IMPACT OF THE DIABETES ON ORAL HEALTH - AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To evaluate the impact of diabetes mellitus on the oral health. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: This is an observational study. In the present research were taken into consideration 300 patients. The study sample consisted of 191 males, respectively (63.7%) of them and 109 females (36.3%) of the participants. RESULTS: Results: In the current study, we analyzed the oral health of diabetic patients within the age class of 11-80 years. We divided them into seven age groups: 11-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, and 71-80 years. Based on the results of the current study it was observed that 83.7% of patients were affected by gingivitis. The results of our study show that dental caries prevalence was 68.7 % and the prevalence of missing teeth among patients with diabetes mellitus was 78.7%. According to the ANOVA test, high blood sugar values had a direct impact on the manifestation of gingivitis and there it was a strong correlation between them P-value = .000. Males with diabetes mellitus were more affected by dental caries and this was indicated by the P-value= .02, in comparison to females who recorded a P-value = .03. The relation between gender males and missing teeth was highly significant P-value = .001. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The present study proved that diabetes mellitus is risk factor for oral health. The authors studied this group of patients exposed to high blood glucose levels and found out that oral diseases were high in these patients.

An Update on Advanced Diagnostic Imaging in Dentistry.

In recent years, CBCT has proved to be extremely widely used and widespread in dentistry [...].

The use of monophasic implants as an alternative of implant-prosthetic rehabilitation in the posterior maxilla with no sinus lift.

BACKGROUND: Over the years, numerous studies and advanced technologies about dental implants have been evolved from the traditional two-stage procedure to immediate loading. Implants located in the posterior maxillary region allow to achieve an appropriate prosthetic support. The aim of this work was to solve the atrophied posterior maxilla, through monophasic implants with flapless technique and intraoral electro-welding. METHODS: In this study were enrolled 120 patients between 20 and 68 years old (mean age of 34.2 years), where females predominate with 53.1% compared to 46.9% males. The patients were presented at the Oral Surgery Clinic of the Aldent University (Tirana, Albania), for a period 2009-2019. Briefly, 310 monophasic implants were placed, TRAMONTE type (Milan, Italy), to the posterior maxilla thus avoiding the sinus, with dense and wide threads, of different lengths and widths. The surgical technique was minimally invasive, flapless one. Data were expressed as mean + standard error (SEM) of all the radiographic outcomes obtained; and as statistical analysis was used the Student's t-test. P<0.5 and P<0.05, were considered significant. RESULTS: A part of the patients were hypertensive and type 2 diabetic, then a negligible part were smokers, also a lack of oral hygiene was observed in 40% of cases. After 5 years of observation, it appeared that 95.9% of the implants were successful. Furthermore, the mesial and distal bone loss during the first three years was 0.1 mm, while after 5 years no continuation of bone loss was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The application of monophasic implants must be performed according to approved protocols, considering the conditions of the posterior maxillary region, obtaining in this way a safe dental implantation.

Pediatric Dentists' Service Provisions in South-East Europe during the First Wave of COVID-19 Epidemic: Lessons Learned about Preventive Measures and Personal Protective Equipment Use.

INTRODUCTION: Having in mind the importance of providing continuous pediatric dental services during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that children have similar viral loads to adults, the potential to spread the virus to others, and with variable clinical presentation of COVID-19 infection, this study aimed to analyze the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on pediatric dentistry service provision, risks, and preventive measures before and during dental treatment. METHOD: Structured and closed epidemiological cross-sectional survey involved seven Southeastern European countries. The questionnaire was developed using the modified Delphi method, pretested, and tested in North Italy during April 2020. The sample consisted of licensed dental professionals reached via national dental chambers and social media using the best strategies according to the national setting. RESULTS: A total of 3227 dentists participated in the survey, and we included 643 specialists in this study-among them, 164 were pediatric dentists. Most pediatric dentists worked in the public sector (61.0%) and provided emergency (64.6%) and routine dental treatment (18.3%) during the outbreak. One-third of pediatric dentists were COVID-19 tested, statistically significantly more than other specialties, and 3.0% tested COVID-19 positive. In addition, significantly more pediatric dentists (13.4%) reported the presence of at least one symptom related to COVID-19 compared to other specialists (6.1%). None of the pediatric dentists reported PPE shortage. However, 26.2% of all specialists stated that they lacked clear step by step professional guidance in a national language. Similarly, in both groups, around 10% of specialists attended education on coronavirus. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that most pediatric dentists provided dental treatment during lockdown in their countries in public health centers and that they will continue to work during pandemic, our results suggest that pediatric dentists might be at higher risk of COVID-19 infection. Further research should focus on finding better ways to promote and adapt preventive, protective measures and PPE in the pediatric dental setting to be behaviorally acceptable. Moreover, additional efforts should be invested in dental education regarding COVID-19 in the mother tongue.

COVID-19 Infection in Children, Infants and Pregnant Subjects: An Overview of Recent Insights and Therapies.

BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has involved a severe increase of cases worldwide in a wide range of populations. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate recent insights about COVID-19 infection in children, infants and pregnant subjects. METHODS: a literature overview was performed including clinical trials, in vitro studies, reviews and published guidelines regarding the present paper topic. A descriptive synthesis was performed to evaluate recent insights and the effectiveness of therapies for SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, infants and pregnant subjects. RESULTS: Insufficient data are available regarding the relationship between COVID-19 and the clinical risk of spontaneous abortion and premature foetus death. A decrease in the incidence of COVID-19 could be correlated to a minor expression of ACE2 in childrens' lungs. At present, a modulation of the dose-effect posology for children and infants is necessary. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant vertical transmission has been hypothesised for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccines are necessary to achieve mass immunity for children and also pregnant subjects.

Incidence of Different Types of Intracanal Fracture of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments: A Systematic Review.

AIM: The aim of this systemic review is to investigate these parameters by analyzing the characteristics of fractured instruments to determine which is the most relevant mechanical stress that induces intracanal separation in vivo. BACKGROUND: The fracture of nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) instruments is a result of flexural fatigue and torsional fatigue. An electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE database, Web of Science, and Cochrane following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Data were collected and the key features from the included studies were extracted. Overview quality assessment questionnaire scoring assessed the quality of the articles. A total of 12 articles were selected, where the lowest score was 13. REVIEW RESULTS: Considering Ni-Ti rotary instruments, this overall evaluation comprehends 939 broken instruments with an incidence of fracture of 5%. Out of the 12 selected articles, 10 studies revealed that flexural failure was the predominant mode (range of 62-92%). It appears that motion plays an important role when it comes to mechanisms of fracture. The majority of defects found in hand-operated instruments were in the form of torsional failure. Although the major cause of separation of rotary instruments is flexural fatigue, smaller instruments show more torsional fracture than the larger instruments. The average fragment length was found to be 2.5 mm and 3.35 mm, respectively, for torsional failure and flexural failure. The risk of bias depends on fractographic analysis. CONCLUSION: Flexural fatigue is the predominant mode of fracture in rotary Ni-Ti instruments. The type of motion and size of the instrument seem to affect the mechanism of fracture. Fragment length may show a strong association with the type of fracture mechanism. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This systemic review found that flexural fatigue is the most relevant mechanical stress that induces intracanal separation in vivo. Moreover, in clinical practice, the fragment length might be an excellent indicator of the type of fracture.

Titanium Functionalized with Polylysine Homopolymers: In Vitro Enhancement of Cells Growth.

In oral implantology, the success and persistence of dental implants over time are guaranteed by the bone formation around the implant fixture and by the integrity of the peri-implant mucosa seal, which adheres to the abutment and becomes a barrier that hinders bacterial penetration and colonization close to the outer parts of the implant. Research is constantly engaged in looking for substances to coat the titanium surface that guarantees the formation and persistence of the peri-implant bone, as well as the integrity of the mucous perimeter surrounding the implant crown. The present study aimed to evaluate in vitro the effects of a titanium surface coated with polylysine homopolymers on the cell growth of dental pulp stem cells and keratinocytes to establish the potential clinical application. The results reported an increase in cell growth for both cellular types cultured with polylysine-coated titanium compared to cultures without titanium and those without coating. These preliminary data suggest the usefulness of polylysine coating not only for enhancing osteoinduction but also to speed the post-surgery mucosal healings, guarantee appropriate peri-implant epithelial seals, and protect the fixture against bacterial penetration, which is responsible for compromising the implant survival.

SARS-CoV-2 Disease through Viral Genomic and Receptor Implications: An Overview of Diagnostic and Immunology Breakthroughs.

The SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which is believed to have originated in China towards the end of November 2019, has now spread across the globe, causing a pandemic in 192 countries. The World Health Organization has called it the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Rapid dissemination of the virus occurs mainly through the saliva (Flügge's droplets) and aerosol, together with nasal and lachrymal passages. The literature associated with the recent advancement in terms of rapid diagnostics and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has thoroughly studied the role of ACE2 receptors and Furin, as well as viral agent access into the host cell and its significant persistence at the level of the oral mucosa, which represents the main access to the virus. The purpose of this review was to underline the processes of SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms and novel breakthroughs in diagnostics and vaccines. Different technologies, such as the RT-PCR molecular test and the antigenic test, have been developed to identify subjects affected by the SARS-CoV-2 in order to improve the tracking of infection geographical diffusion. Novel rapid and highly sensitive diagnostic tests has been proposed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 to improve the screening capability of suspected contagions. The strengthening of the vaccination campaign represents the most effective means to combat the SARS-CoV-2 infection and prevent severe manifestations of the virus-different classes of vaccines have been developed for this purpose. Further attention on the novel SARS-CoV-2 variant is necessary in order to verify the protection efficacy and virulence reduction of the infective agent in the recent vaccine campaign.

Effectiveness of Dental and Maxillary Transverse Changes in Tooth-Borne, Bone-Borne, and Hybrid Palatal Expansion through Cone-Beam Tomography: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background and Objectives: Palatal expansion is a common orthodontic technique able to increase the transverse changes for subjects with constricted maxillary arches. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate through a systematic review the tomography effectiveness of different palatal expander approaches. Materials and Methods: The database used to perform the screening and determine the eligibility of the clinical papers was PubMed (Medline). Results: The database search included a total of 284 results, while 271 articles were excluded. A total of 14 articles were included for the qualitative assessment. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the present studies reported that skeletal expansion was a useful approach to increase the transverse changes for subjects with constricted maxillary arches.

SARS-CoV-2 Disease Adjuvant Therapies and Supplements Breakthrough for the Infection Prevention.

The SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is a high-risk viral agent involved in the recent pandemic stated worldwide by the World Health Organization. The infection is correlated to a severe systemic and respiratory disease in many cases, which is clinically treated with a multi-drug pharmacological approach. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate through a literature overview the effect of adjuvant therapies and supplements for the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The research has analyzed the advantage of the EK1C4, by also assessing the studies on the resveratrol, vitamin D, and melatonin as adjuvant supplements for long hauler patients' prognosis. The evaluated substances reported important benefits for the improvement of the immune system and as a potential inhibitor molecules against SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the use of sartans as therapy. The adjuvant supplements seem to create an advantage for the healing of the long hauler patients affected by chronic symptoms of constant chest and heart pain, intestinal disorders, headache, difficulty concentrating, memory loss, and tachycardia.

The Effectiveness of Osseodensification Drilling Protocol for Implant Site Osteotomy: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis.

Many different osteotomy procedures has been proposed in the literature for dental implant site preparation. The osseodensification is a drilling technique that has been proposed to improve the local bone quality and implant stability in poor density alveolar ridges. This technique determines an expansion of the implant site by increasing the density of the adjacent bone. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of the osseodensification technique for implant site preparation through a literature review and meta-analysis. The database electronic research was performed on PubMed (Medline) database for the screening of the scientific papers. A total of 16 articles have been identified suitable for the review and qualitative analysis-11 clinical studies (eight on animals, three on human subjects), four literature reviews, and one case report. The meta-analysis was performed to compare the bone-to-implant contact % (BIC), bone area fraction occupied % (BAFO), and insertion torque of clockwise and counter-clockwise osseodensification procedure in animal studies. The included articles reported a significant increase in the insertion torque of the implants positioned through the osseodensification protocol compared to the conventional drilling technique. Advantages of this new technique are important above all when the patient has a strong missing and/or low quantity of bone tissue. The data collected until the drafting of this paper detect an improvement when the osseodensification has been adopted if compared to the conventional technique. A significant difference in BIC and insertion torque between the clockwise and counter-clockwise osseodensification procedure was reported, with no difference in BAFO measurements between the two approaches. The effectiveness of the present study demonstrated that the osseodensification drilling protocol is a useful technique to obtain increased implant insertion torque and bone to implant contact (BIC) in vivo. Further randomized clinical studies are required to confirm these pieces of evidence in human studies.

Access to Dental Care-A Survey from Dentists, People with Disabilities and Caregivers.

The literature highlights differences in the dental conditions of people with disabilities compared with the general population. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the dental health of people with disabilities in order to understand if their needs are met and to identify their most critical issues as per dentists. A paper and a Google Form platform were used in conducting a survey in Central Italy (the Abruzzo region), by performing an analysis on different points of view as reported by people with disabilities and dentists. The results showed that only 69.2% of dentists treat persons with disabilities. Of these, 73.5% treat less than 10 patients with physical disabilities per year. However, 54% of dentists do not treat people with cognitive impairment and a poor ability to collaborate during treatment. More than 80% of respondent dentists report that people with disabilities do not have good oral hygiene. On the other hand, 49.1% of people with disabilities (or their caregivers in cases where the patient was unable to answer) report that they rarely or never go to the dental office. Moreover, when they do go, it is mainly for emergencies. Despite this, respondents are well aware of their dental problems. However, they have difficulties in communicating their dental problems to their dentist. The 50% of dentists who treat people with cognitive impairment do not include them in follow-up, while only 20% of these patients reported being regularly recalled. This illustrates the importance of the implementation of follow-up. In addition, training courses could help clinicians to reduce this gap and create barrier-free dental offices.

Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic: Future Challenges for Dental Practitioners.

In the context of the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic, the medical system has been subjected to many changes. Face-to-face treatments have been suspended for a period of time. After the lockdown, dentists have to be aware of the modalities to protect themselves and their patients in order not to get infected. Dental practitioners are potentially exposed to a high degree of contamination with SARS-CoV-2 while performing dental procedures that produce aerosols. It should also be noted that the airways, namely the oral cavity and nostrils, are the access pathways for SARS-CoV-2. In order to protect themselves and their patients, they have to use full personal protective equipment. Relevant data regarding this pandemic are under evaluation and are still under test. In this article, we made a synthesis about the way in which SARS-CoV-2 spreads, how to diagnose a novel corona virus infection, what the possible treatments are, and which protective personal equipment we can use to stop its spreading.

Penetration of Different Impression Materials into Exposed Dentinal Tubules during the Impression Procedure.

Adhesive restorations have been shown to guarantee excellent performance and longevity, although this comes with some disadvantages. Among these, the vulnerability of dentine to different agents has been widely evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible penetration of impression materials into freshly cut dentine. Dentine from 27 teeth was impressed with polyether (Impregum Penta L) (nine teeth) and with polyvinyl siloxane (Aquasil Ultra LV) (nine teeth). The surface of nine teeth after the impressions were used as the control. Specifically, the extroflections caused by the imprinting of the dentinal tubules on the impression material, the so-called impression tags, were measured. Furthermore, the presence of the material inside the tubules was examined. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed material tags for all of the experimental groups. The mean lengths (±SD) were 22.6 (±11.0) µm for polyether, 21.8 (±12.8) µm for polyvinyl siloxane and 11.3 (±7.0) µm for the tooth control, with mean diameters (±SD) of 2.8 (±0.5), 2.4 (±0.7) and 3.1 (±0.7) µm, respectively. Fractal analysis showed fractal dimensions of 1.78 (±0.03), 1.77 (±0.03) and 1.71 (±0.03), respectively. These data demonstrated that the impression materials can remain inside the dentinal tubules, which can adversely affect the adhesive procedures.

The relationship between tooth color, skin and eye color.

PURPOSE: Tooth color is one of the most important factors in dental and facial esthetics. The aim of this study was to determine the tooth color of the upper frontal teeth in subjects and to provide comparisons with different skin and eye colors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tooth color was determined in 255 patients in the intercanine sector of the maxilla using an intraoral spectrophotometer Vita Easyshade® (Vita Zahnfabrik. H Rauter GmbH & Co. KG. Bad Sackingen. Germany). Skin and eye color was determined by visual perception. The shades of the Vita Tooth Guide 3D Master (Vita Zahnfabrik, H Rauter GmbH & Co, KG, Bad Sackingen, Germany) were registered by the spectrophotometer. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to examine the differences between tooth color and skin and eye color. RESULTS: The most frequent shade registered in the central incisors was 2M1 (62 subjects, 8.10%); in the lateral incisors, 1.5M1.5 (65 subjects, 8.50%); and in the canines, 2M3 (142 subjects, 18.56%). Pearson's chi-squared test results showed a statistically significant difference in the relations between skin and eye color and central incisor color (p<0.01; p<0.001), lateral incisor color (p<0.001), and canine color (p<0.001; p=0.001). On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in the relation of the lateral incisors and canines with eye color. CONCLUSION: Skin and eye color significantly correlate with tooth color; however, the color of lateral incisors and canines does not correlate significantly with eye color.