Association between sleep quality/physical activity and metabolic syndrome in urban population of Xinjiang / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To explore the relationship between sleep/physical activity and metabolic syndrome (MS) in urban population of Xinjiang. Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study. From July 2019 to September 2021, a two-stage random sampling method was used to randomly select residents aged 30-74 years from two communities in Urumqi of northern Xinjiang and Korla of southern Xinjiang. General situation questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale (PSQI) survey, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) survey, physical examination, physiological and biochemical indicators were obtained and analyzed. The dose-response curves of healthy sleep score and physical activity with metabolic syndrome were plotted using restricted cubic spline curves. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the independent and combined effects of sleep quality and physical activity on MS risk. Results: A total of 10 209 participants were included. The mean age of the subjects was (47.1±9.1) years, and males accounted for 51.3% (5 275/10 209). The prevalence of MS was significantly associated with the healthy sleep score and physical activity. Compared to the subjects with healthy sleep, OR (95%CI) of MS with intermediate, and poor sleep were 1.20(1.06-1.35), 1.23(1.04-1.45), respectively. Compared to the subjects with high physical activity, OR (95%CI) of MS with medium, low physical activity was 1.34(1.15-1.56), 1.42(1.19-1.70), respectively. There was a significant interaction between sleep and physical activity in MS (P for interaction=0.002). Compared to the subjects with high physical activity and healthy sleep, OR (95%CI) of MS with poor sleep and high physical activity was 2.03 (1.24-3.33, P for trend=0.016). Conclusion: Poor sleep quality and lack of physical activity are not only independent risk factors for an increased risk of MS but also have a combined effect with an increased risk of MS.

A follow-up study on the pain changes trend and effects in patients diagnosed with herpes zoster in Beijing City / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To understand the changes in pain and its effects in patients with the diagnosis of herpes zoster. Methods: A total of 3 487 patients diagnosed with herpes zoster (HZ) for the first time at the outpatient department of Miyun District Hospital from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019, were included in the study. The information of patients was registered and issued with a record card. Patients were required to record the time of pain and rash by themselves. Telephone follow-up was conducted at 21, 90, 180 and 365 days after the onset of rashes, including hospitalization, location of rash and pain, and the time of start and end. The impact of pain on life was evaluated by the Zoster Brief Pain Inventory (ZBPI). Results: The age of 2 999 HZ patients included in the analysis were (53±16) years old, including 1 377 (45.91%) males and 1 903 (63.45%) patients aged 50 years and older. After 21 days of rash, mild, moderate and severe pain accounted for 20.87% (626 cases), 37.98% (1 139 cases) and 33.81% (1 014 cases), respectively. Only 5.07% (152 cases) had no pain or discomfort, and 2.27% (68 cases) had no pain but discomfort. Most of the pain sites were consistent with the rash sites. The chest and back and waist and abdomen were the most common, accounting for 35.58% (1 067 cases) and 29.18% (875 cases), respectively, followed by the limbs and face and neck, accounting for 16.74% (502 cases) and 16.40% (492 cases), respectively. The M (Q1, Q3) of pain days in the HZ patients was 14 (8, 20) days, and the incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) was 6.63% (171/2 580) (excluding 419 patients who refused to visit or lost to visit on 90 days after the onset of rash). The pain score of HZ patients within 21 days after the rash was (5.19±2.73) points, and the pain score of PHN patients was (7.61±2.13) points, which was significantly higher than that of non-PHN patients [(5.04±2.69) points] (P<0.001). Daily activities, emotions, walking ability, work, social interaction, sleep and recreation were affected for 21 days after the rash in HZ patients, ranging from 60.79% to 83.83%, with sleep being the most affected (83.83%). The impact scores of pain and life dimensions in PHN patients ranged from 4.59 to 7.61 points on the ZBPI scale, which were higher than those in non-PHN patients (2.49-5.04) (t values ranged from 8.86 to 11.67, all P values <0.001). Conclusion: The proportion of pain in HZ patients after the diagnosis is high, and the pain is more obvious in patients with PHN and HZ patients aged 50 and older, which has a greater impact on their daily lives.

Association between sleep quality/physical activity and metabolic syndrome in urban population of Xinjiang / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To explore the relationship between sleep/physical activity and metabolic syndrome (MS) in urban population of Xinjiang. Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study. From July 2019 to September 2021, a two-stage random sampling method was used to randomly select residents aged 30-74 years from two communities in Urumqi of northern Xinjiang and Korla of southern Xinjiang. General situation questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale (PSQI) survey, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) survey, physical examination, physiological and biochemical indicators were obtained and analyzed. The dose-response curves of healthy sleep score and physical activity with metabolic syndrome were plotted using restricted cubic spline curves. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the independent and combined effects of sleep quality and physical activity on MS risk. Results: A total of 10 209 participants were included. The mean age of the subjects was (47.1±9.1) years, and males accounted for 51.3% (5 275/10 209). The prevalence of MS was significantly associated with the healthy sleep score and physical activity. Compared to the subjects with healthy sleep, OR (95%CI) of MS with intermediate, and poor sleep were 1.20(1.06-1.35), 1.23(1.04-1.45), respectively. Compared to the subjects with high physical activity, OR (95%CI) of MS with medium, low physical activity was 1.34(1.15-1.56), 1.42(1.19-1.70), respectively. There was a significant interaction between sleep and physical activity in MS (P for interaction=0.002). Compared to the subjects with high physical activity and healthy sleep, OR (95%CI) of MS with poor sleep and high physical activity was 2.03 (1.24-3.33, P for trend=0.016). Conclusion: Poor sleep quality and lack of physical activity are not only independent risk factors for an increased risk of MS but also have a combined effect with an increased risk of MS.

A follow-up study on the pain changes trend and effects in patients diagnosed with herpes zoster in Beijing City / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To understand the changes in pain and its effects in patients with the diagnosis of herpes zoster. Methods: A total of 3 487 patients diagnosed with herpes zoster (HZ) for the first time at the outpatient department of Miyun District Hospital from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019, were included in the study. The information of patients was registered and issued with a record card. Patients were required to record the time of pain and rash by themselves. Telephone follow-up was conducted at 21, 90, 180 and 365 days after the onset of rashes, including hospitalization, location of rash and pain, and the time of start and end. The impact of pain on life was evaluated by the Zoster Brief Pain Inventory (ZBPI). Results: The age of 2 999 HZ patients included in the analysis were (53±16) years old, including 1 377 (45.91%) males and 1 903 (63.45%) patients aged 50 years and older. After 21 days of rash, mild, moderate and severe pain accounted for 20.87% (626 cases), 37.98% (1 139 cases) and 33.81% (1 014 cases), respectively. Only 5.07% (152 cases) had no pain or discomfort, and 2.27% (68 cases) had no pain but discomfort. Most of the pain sites were consistent with the rash sites. The chest and back and waist and abdomen were the most common, accounting for 35.58% (1 067 cases) and 29.18% (875 cases), respectively, followed by the limbs and face and neck, accounting for 16.74% (502 cases) and 16.40% (492 cases), respectively. The M (Q1, Q3) of pain days in the HZ patients was 14 (8, 20) days, and the incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) was 6.63% (171/2 580) (excluding 419 patients who refused to visit or lost to visit on 90 days after the onset of rash). The pain score of HZ patients within 21 days after the rash was (5.19±2.73) points, and the pain score of PHN patients was (7.61±2.13) points, which was significantly higher than that of non-PHN patients [(5.04±2.69) points] (P<0.001). Daily activities, emotions, walking ability, work, social interaction, sleep and recreation were affected for 21 days after the rash in HZ patients, ranging from 60.79% to 83.83%, with sleep being the most affected (83.83%). The impact scores of pain and life dimensions in PHN patients ranged from 4.59 to 7.61 points on the ZBPI scale, which were higher than those in non-PHN patients (2.49-5.04) (t values ranged from 8.86 to 11.67, all P values <0.001). Conclusion: The proportion of pain in HZ patients after the diagnosis is high, and the pain is more obvious in patients with PHN and HZ patients aged 50 and older, which has a greater impact on their daily lives.

Clinical characteristics of 42 children with focal atrial tachycardia originated from the right atrial appendage / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the feature and treatment of atrial tachycardia (AT) originated from right atrial appendage (RAA) in children. Methods: The data of 42 children with AT originated from RAA, who were admitted the First Hospital of Tsinghua University from January 2010 to September 2022 were analyzed retrospectively.The clinical characteristics, treatment and efficacy were analyzed. The children were divided into tachycardia cardiomyopathy group and normal cardiac function group. The differences in the ablation age and the heart rate during AT between two groups were compared by independent sample t-test. Results: Among 42 children, there were 20 males and 22 females. The age of onset was 2.7 (0.6, 5.1) years. Their age at radiofrequency ablation was (6.5±3.6) years, and the weight was (23.4±10.0) kg. Thirty-two children (76%) had sustained AT. The incidence of tachycardia cardiomyopathy was 43% (18/42). Compared to that of the normal cardiac function group, the ablation age and the heart rate at atrial tachycardia of the tachycardia cardiomyopathy group were higher ((8.1±3.8) vs. (5.3±3.1) years, t=-2.63, P=0.012; (173±41) vs. (150±30) beats per minute, t=-2.05, P=0.047. Thirty-eight children (90%) responded poorly to two or more antiarrhythmic drugs. The immediate success rate of radiofrequency ablation (RFCA) was 57% (24/42), and the AT recurrence rate was 17% (4/24). Twenty-two children underwent RAA resection, and their AT were all converted to sinus rhythm after the surgery. During the RAA resection, 10 cases of right atrial appendage aneurysm were found, 9/18 of which failed the RFCA. Conclusions: The AT originated from the RAA in children tend to present with sustained AT, respond poorly to antiarrhythmic drugs, and has a low success rate of RFCA as well as high recurrence rate. Resection of the RAA is a safe and effective complementary treatment.

Analysis of the burden of disease attributable to high temperature exposure in China and globally from 1990 to 2019 / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the burden of disease attributable to high temperature exposure in China and globally from 1990 to 2019, and to study the current burden of disease in relevant populations. Methods: In October 2021, based on data from the global burden of disease 2019 (GBD 2019) study, population attributable fraction (PAF), number of deaths, mortality, disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and DALY rate of Chinese and global populations with different ages and genders in 1990 and 2019 were extracted and analyzed. The rate of change was calculated, the mortality rate was normalized by the age structure of the world standard population, and the causes of disease burden caused by high temperature exposure of Chinese residents were analyzed. Results: In 2019, compared with 1990, the PAF of Chinese and global population decreased by 43.98% and 12.41% respectively, the number of deaths increased by 29.55% and 49.40% respectively, the crude mortality rate increased by 7.81% and 3.30% respectively, the DALY decreased by 48.12% and 14.41% respectively, and the DALY rate decreased by 56.82% and 40.82% respectively. The mortality rate of the ≥70 age group was higher than that of other groups. The disease burden indicators such as PAF, standardized mortality and DALY attributable to high temperature exposure in men were higher than those in women. In 2019, the main cause of DALY affected by high temperature exposure in Chinese population was ischemic heart disease (84400 person-years), and the main cause of death was ischemic heart disease (4900 cases). Conclusion: The burden of diseases attributable to high temperature exposure is still serious in China and the world at large. Targeted interventions should be formulated for men, the elderly and people with occupational exposure, and a sound surveillance system should be established to reduce the burden of diseases caused by high temperature exposure.

The mediating effect of resilience on anxiety and subjective well-being in occupational population / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the current situation of anxiety, subjective well-being in occupational population and the mediating effect of resilience. Methods: From March 24th to 26th, 2020, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among occupational population aged ≥18 years old using online questionnaires. A total of 2134 valid questionnaires were obtained, with respondents from 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Their general demographic data, subjective well-being, anxiety, and resilience were collected. Pearson χ(2) test and Spearson correlation analysis were used for data analysis, and structural equation model was used to explore the mediating effect of resilience on anxiety and subjective well-being. Results: The age of the respondents ranged from 18 to 60 years old, with an average age of (31.19±7.09) years old, including 1075 (50.4%) women and 1059 (49.6%) men. The positive rates of low subjective well-being and anxiety were 46.5% (992/2134) and 28.4% (607/2134), respectively. Anxiety scores were significantly negatively correlated with subjective well-being scores and resilience scores (r(s)=-0.52, -0.41, P<0.05), while resilience was significantly positively correlated with subjective well-being (r(s)=0.32, P<0.05). Structural equation models showed that anxiety had a negative predictive effect on subjective well-being, while resilience not only had a positive predictive effect on subjective well-being, but also played a mediating role between anxiety and subjective well-being, with a mediating effect of 9.9%. Conclusion: The situation of anxiety and well-being in the occupational population is still not optimistic, and resilience has a mediating effect between anxiety and subjective well-being.

Baveno VII - Renewing consensus in portal hypertension: personalized care for portal hypertension / 中华肝脏病杂志

The Baveno VII workshop held in October 2021 was featured by the subject of personalized care in portal hypertension. The workshop focused on the following 9 topics including: the relevance and indications for measuring the hepatic venous pressure gradient as a gold standard; the use of non-invasive tools for the diagnosis of compensated advanced chronic liver disease and clinically significant portal hypertension; the impact of etiological and of non-etiological therapies in the course of cirrhosis; the prevention of the first episode of decompensation; the management of the acute bleeding episode; the prevention of further decompensation; as well as the diagnosis and management of splanchnic vein thrombosis and other vascular disorders of the liver. This essay provides a compilation and summary of recommendations regarding the abovementioned topics, and presents the most recent research proceedings and the corresponding consensus to our readers.

Long-term outcome of 48 unoperated adult patients with Ebstein's anomaly / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To analyze the long-term outcome of unoperated Ebstein's anomaly (EA) patients aged over 18 years, and to evaluate the related factor of outcomes. Methods: The data of 48 unoperated EA patients from March 2004 to December 2008 in the First Hospital of Tsinghua University, were analyzed. The clinical data of the patients were collected, and patients received regular echocardiography, ECG and chest X-ray examinations. Septal leaflet attachment ratio (SLAr) was calculated based on transthoracic echocardiography imagines. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to SLAr: SLAr<0.45 (n=18), 0.45≤SLAr≤0.60 (n=21) and SLAr>0.60 (n=9). Chest X-ray was used for measurement of cardiothoracic ratio (CTR). Kaplan Meier survival curve was used to calculate the long-term survival rate. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of death. Results: There were 19 males, and the mean age at diagnosis was (21.3±11.1) years. Forty-two patients (87.5%) were complicated with arrhythmia, including W-P-W syndrome (n=4), supraventricular tachycardia (n=16), right bundle branch block (n=37), and atrial fibrillation (n=2). The mean duration of follow-up was (148.8±16.8) months, the follow-up rate was 100% with no loss-to-follow up. Nine cases (18.8%) died during follow-up: 6 cases (12.5%) died of cardiac origin, including 3 cases of heart failure, 1 case of arrhythmia, and 2 cases of sudden death; 1 case died of accident; 2 cases died from unknown causes. During the follow-up period, the survival rates were 17/18, 19/21 (90.5%) and 3/9 in the SLAr<0.45, 0.45≤SLAr≤0.60 and SLAr>0.60 group, respectively. According to Kaplan-Meier survival curve, the 5-year survival rates among the three groups were 100%, 100% and 78%, respectively. The 10-year survival rates among the three groups were 94%, 95% and 44%, respectively. Decreased activity tolerance and heart failure were found in 7 patients (6 patients in SLAr>0.60 group and 1 patient in 0.45≤SLAr≤0.60 group). Two patients had cerebrovascular embolism. There were 3 cases with tachyarrhythmia lasting more than 24 hours. Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of death was higher in patients with SLAr>0.60 than in patients with SLAr<0.45 (HR=12.375, 95%CI 1.692-22.146, P=0.015); the risk of death in patients with CTR≥0.65 was 1.306 times higher than that in patients with CTR<0.65 (HR=1.306, 95%CI 0.417-12.754, P=0.038). Conclusions: EA patients often combines with arrhythmia. For unoperated EA patients, SLAr>0.60 and CTR≥0.65 are risk factors of death. EA patients with arrhythmia should be actively treated with drugs or radiofrequency ablation.

4-1BBL Promoted the Proliferation and Migration of Human Gastric Cancer Cells through Wnt/p-catenin Signaling Pathway / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

4-IBB and 4-IBB ligand (4-1BBL) , also known as CI) 137 and CD 137 ligand, are members of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor and ligand family, respectively.The interaction of 4-1BBL and 4-IBB can activate T cell immune response.Therefore, 4-1BBL has been playing a role as a classical costimulatory molecule involving in anti-tumor immune responses.In recent decades, it was reported that 4-1BBL had multiple functions in tumor cells.However, the molecular mechanism of 4-1BBL in the progression of gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear.This study investigated the biological function and molecular mechanism of 4-1BBL in human GC cells.First, analysis from TCGA and Kaplan Meier plotter databases showed that 4-1BBL expression level in GC tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues (P<0.001) , and 4-1BBL high expression was positively associated with poor prognosis of GC (P<0.05).Knockout of 4-1BBL significantly inhibited the proliferation (P<0.05) , invasion and migration of GC cells (P<0.05 ) , and increased the apoptosis of GC cells (P<0.05).Western blot showed that 4- 1 BBL knockout decreased the protein expression levels of (3-catenin, c-Myc and Cyclin D1, and blocked Wnt/p-catenin signaling pathway.On the contrary, 4-1 BBL overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation (P<0.05) , invasion and migration of GC cells (P<0.05) , and reduced the apoptosis of GC cells (P<0.05).Moreover, 4-1 BBL overexpression increased the protein expression levels of (3- catenin, c-Myc and Cyclin D1, and activated Wnt/p-catenin signaling pathway.In summary, 4-1 BBL promoted the proliferation and migration of human GC cells through Wnt/(B-catenin signaling pathway.

Application of two-stage ridge splitting technique in atrophic mandibular alveolar ridge / 华西口腔医学杂志

Adequate bone volume is the primary condition for successful dental implants. However, sufficient bone volume is often encountered in the vertical direction, but the bone volume in the buccolingual direction is insufficient, making it less suitable to be implanted. If the traditional spitting technique is used in the mandible, fracture and necrosis can easily occur in the labial (buccal) bone plate due to the absence of elasticity, thick cortical bone, poor blood supply, and anastomotic branch. The two-stage ridge splitting technique can be used in patients with narrow alveolar ridge in the mandible. This study summarizes the principles and conditions of application, operational points, clinical efficacy, and analysis of the causes of buccal bone plate absorption.

Osteoarthritis and immunity / 中国实用内科杂志

Osteoarthritis is a common disease in the elderly and it is the main cause of disability in the elderly. It has been previously believed that the pathogenesis of OA is related to cartilage wear. However, with the deepening of its research, the importance of immune factors in its pathogenesis has been constantly clarified. This may provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of OA in immunity.

Analysis of distribution, phenotype and clinical correlation of CD163 positive macrophages in osteoarthritis / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution characteristics of CD163+ macrophages in peripheral blood and synovium of patients with osteoarthritis (OA)，and investigate the correlation of CD163+ macrophages, intracellular tumour necrosis factor(TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression with the disease duration, inflammation level and body mass index (BMI). Methods The percentages of CD163+ macrophages in synovium and peripheral blood and their intracellular levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were detected by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, immunofluorescence was uesed to observe the distribution of CD163+ macrophages in synovial tissue of patients with OA or fracture. Results (1) There were significant differences in the percentage of CD163+ macrophages in synovial and peripheral blood between OA and fracture patients(all P<0.05). (2) The expression of TNF-α in CD163+ macrophages of synovium and blood of OA patients with disease duration below 10 years was significantly higher than that of patients with OA disease duration above 10 years (all P<0.05) . The expression of IL-10 was significantly lower than that of patients with OA disease duration above 10 years (all P<0.05). (3) C-reactive protein (CRP) was positively correlated with BMI in patients with OA disease duration below 10 years (r=0.680， P<0.001), while showed no correlation with BMI in patients with OA duration above 10 years(r=0.084， P=0.187). (4) Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy showed a large number of CD163+ macrophages invaded around the synovial vessel of patients with OA. Conclusion The distribution of CD163+ macrophages in synovium and peripheral blood of OA patients with different course of disease was different, and showed differentiated cell subtypes.

Therapeutic effect of total triterpenoids of Chaenomeles speciosa combined with omeprazole on gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin in rats / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to observe the combination therapy with total triterpenoids of Chaenomeles speciosa and omeprazole on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats, and explore its possible mechanism. Rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, omeprazole monotherapy(3.6 mg·kg~(-1)) group, total triterpenoids of C. speciosa monotherapy(100 mg·kg~(-1)) group, total triterpenoids of C. speciosa and omeprazole combination therapy(100 mg·kg~(-1)+3.6 mg·kg~(-1)) group. Except for the normal group, the other groups were given indomethacin(20 mg·kg~(-1)) by oral once a day for 7 consecutive days. Then the treated groups were given corresponding drugs by gavage, once a day for 14 consecutive days. The next day after the last administration, half of the rats in each group were measured the gastric mucosal blood flow, gastric juice volume and serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10. After the remaining rats in each group were underwent pyloric ligation 4 hours after the last administration, the gastric endocrine volume, pH value and total acidity of gastric secretion were measured, then histological analysis was performed, MPO activity, cAMP content and histomorphological analysis were conducted. Real-time PCR was applied to detect the mRNA expressions of gastric tissue TNF-α,IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, VEGFA, A_(2A)R; the protein expressions of VEGFA, A_(2A)R, PKA, p-PKA, CREB, p-CREB, EGF, EGFR, p-EGFR, MUC6, TFF2 in gastric tissue were detected by Western blot. The results indicated that total triterpenoids of C. speciosa and omeprazole combination therapy might significantly increase gastric mucosal blood flow, gastric mucus volume, reduce gastric endocrine volume, secretion acidity and mucosal damage, decrease the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6, increase the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in blood and gastric tissue, inhibit the activity of MPO, increase the content of cAMP in gastric tissue, up-regulate the mRNA expressions of VEGFA, A_(2A)R and protein expressions of VEGFA, A_(2A)R, PKA, p-PKA, CREB, p-CREB, EGF, EGFR, p-EGFR, MUC6, TFF2 in gastric tissue, elevate p-PKA/PKA, p-CREB/CREB and p-EFGR/EFGR. Moreover, the combination therapy with total triterpenoids of C. speciosa and omeprazole was more obvious than those of two monotherapies. These aforementioned findings suggested that the combination therapy with total triterpenoids of C. speciosa and omeprazole on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer have significant therapeutic effect on indomethacin induced gastric ulcer in rats, its mechanism might be related to regulating A_(2A)R/AKT/CREB, A_(2A)R/VEGFA, EGF/EGFR and MUC6/TFF2 signaling pathways, inhibiting pro-inflammatory factors, increasing gastric mucosal blood flow, up-regulating mucosal cell proliferation factors and promoting mucosal protective factors.

Effect of total triterpenoids of Chaenomeles speciosa on PPARγ/SIRT1/NF-κBp65 signaling pathway and intestinal mucosal barrier of ulcerative colitis induced by DSS in mice / 中国中药杂志

To observe the effect of total triterpenoids of Chaenomeles speciosa on PPARγ/SIRT1/NF-κBp65 signaling pathway and intestinal mucosal barrier of ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice, C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, total triterpenoids of C. speciosa (50, 100 mg·kg⁻¹) groups and sulfasalazine (250 mg·kg⁻¹) group. The ulcerative colitis (UC) model was induced by orally administering 2.5% DSS to the experimental mice, and the corresponding drugs were given to each group 3 days before the administration with 2.5% DSS. The normal group and the model group were given the equal volume of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium solution by gavage continuously for 10 days, q.d. The general conditions of the mice were observed on a daily basis, and the disease activity index (DAI) score was recorded. On the 10th day after the treatment, mice were put to death, the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 in the blood were detected, colon length was measured, colon mucosa damage index (CMDI) score was calculated, and MPO activity detection and histomorphology analysis were conducted. Real-time PCR was applied to detect the mRNA expressions of E-cadherin, occluding,MUC2 and TFF3; the protein expressions of SIRT1, IKKβ, p-IKKβ, IκBα, p-IκBα and cytosol and nucleus PPARγ, NF-κBp65 in intestinal tissue were detected by western blot. The results indicated that total triterpenoids of C. speciosa (50, 100 mg·kg⁻¹) could significantly improve the general conditions of UC mice, reduce the DAI, CMDI and histopathological scores, increase the colon length, reduce the colonic mucosa ulcers, erosion and inflammatory infiltration, restore the normal intestinal mucosal barrier function, reduce the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, increase the contents of IL-4 and IL-10 in the blood, inhibit MPO activity in colon tissue, up-regulate the mRNA expressions of E-cadherin, occludin, MUC2 and TFF3 in colon tissue, down-regulate the protein expressions of cytosol PPARγ, tissue p-IKKβ, p-IκBα and nucleus NF-κBp65 in the colon tissue, decrease the p-IKKβ/IKKβ and p-IκBα/IκBα ratios, up-regulate the protein expressions of nucleus PPARγ, tissue SIRT1 and cytosol NF-κBp65 (<0.05 or <0.01, respectively), with a dose-effect relationship between the total triterpenoids of C. speciosa treated groups. These findings suggested that total triterpenoids of C. speciosa had a significantly therapeutic effect on UC mice induced by DSS, its mechanism might be related to the regulation of PPARγ/SIRT1/NF-κBp65 signaling pathway, the inhibition of pro-inflammatory factor formation and the up-regulation of protein expression of protective factors.

The safety and efficacy of bone marrow stem cell transplantation for ischemic heart failure: a Meta-analysis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation has been used for the treatment of ischemic heart failure in clinic. But the efficacy and safety of BMSCs transplantation remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess the efficacy and safety of BMSCs transplantation on ischemic heart failure through a Meta-analysis. METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane Library (Issue 10, 2016), Embase, CNKI, CBM, VIP, WanFang were search for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). After data extracting and quality assessing, Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 8 RCTs involving 350 patients, 191 in the BMSCs group and 159 in the conventional therapy group, were included. Meta-analysis results showed that: compared with the conventional therapy, BMSCs transplantation could increase the left ventricular ejection fraction[MD=4.68,95% CI(1.79,7.56),P<0.01].But there was no significant difference in decreasing left ventricular end-diastolic volume[MD=-3.86,95% CI(-9.90,2.17),P=0.21]and left ventricular end-systolic volume[MD=-3.20,95% CI(-9.21,2.80), P=0.30].And the incidence of adverse events was not significantly different[RR=0.85,95% CI(0.25,2.89),P=0.79]in the course of the treatment. Overall findings indicate that BMSCs transplantation for ischemic heart failure is safe and able to significantly increase patient's left ventricular ejection fraction. However, BMSCs transplantation by intracoronary injection may have no effect on the left ventricular remodeling in ischemic heart failure patients. Due to the limitations of current studies, high-quality RCTs are needed to further verify our findings.

Construction and maintenance of the pharmacy intravenous admixture service / 中国医学装备

Objective: The construct a pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIVAS) for changing configuration of intravenous drugs from decentralized configuration to centralized allocation supply so as to guarantee the safety of clinical drugs of hospital. Methods: Through constructed PIVAS, adopted purified air-condition system and established fluid-layers room of different grade to achieve sterile environment for configuration of intravenous drugs. And the centralized allocation should be implemented as the characteristics of different drugs. Results: The PIVAS could reduce the waste of drugs and decrease their cost. At the same time, it guaranteed the safety of clinical medication of hospital on the bases of enhancing work efficiency of clinical nurse and reasonably resolving allocation of human resources. Conclusion: The PIVAS that changes the configuration of intravenous drugs from decentralized configuration to centralized allocation supply can positively and effectively promote the safety of clinical medication and increase work efficiency of nursing and care.

Salinomycin Enhances the Apoptosis of T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line Jurkat Cells Induced by Vincristine / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was aimed to investigate the effect of salinomycin combined with vincristine on the proliferation and apoptosis of Jurkat cells and its possible mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The proliferation of Jurkat cells was examined by CKK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to assess cellular apoptosis. Levels of BCL-2, caspase-3, and caspase- 8 were measured by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The salinomycin or vincristine, either alone or in combination, inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells in a dose-dependent manner. Salinomycin combined with vincristine produced more obveous inhibition of cell proliferation than either compound used alone (P<0.05). Western blot analysis showed that the combined use of Sal and VCR reduced the expression of BCL-2 protein, and increased expression of caspase 3 and caspase 8 protein, more significantly. Furthermore, combination of Sal and VCR synergistally promoted apoptosis of the Jurkat cells (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combination of salinomycin and vincristine synergistically inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia Jurkat cells.</p>

Analysis of measles immunity level in persistent populations in Beijing, 2012 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the measles immunity level of persistent population in Beijing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 2125 objects from 10 age groups, who had been living in Beijing for over 6 months, were selected from urban and rural areas in Beijing in 2012. Demographic characteristics, history of measles and vaccine immunization were investigated by questionnaire. 5 ml blood sample of each subject was collected, and the Measles IgG antibody was measured by ELISA assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Positive rate of measles antibody was 84.71% (1800/2125) and standardized positive rate was 88.07% . Median of antibody was 960.46 IU/L. Positive rate and median of measles antibody were significantly different between population from different age groups (χ(2) = 341.60, P < 0.01; H = 216.27, P < 0.01). Antibody positive rate and median were lowest in the <1 year age group, which were separately 43.06% (90/209) and 185.80 IU/L; and highest in the 1-4 (97.31% (181/186) and 2448.81 IU/L) and 5-9 years age group (96.46% (218/226) and 1910.72 IU/L). The range of antibody positive rate and median in adults of ≥ 15 years were 81.98%-90.14% and 744.38-1474.84 IU/L. Antibody positive rate and median in persistent population, which were separately 82.45% (883/1071) and 899.82 IU/L, were lower than those in migrant population, which were 87.00% (917/1054) and 166.19 IU/L, respectively (χ(2) = 8.51, P < 0.01;U = 538 704.00, P < 0.01). Antibody positive rate and median in population with vaccination history, which were separately 91.95% (891/969) and 1443.11 IU/L, were higher than those population without vaccination history and people whose history unknown (32.95% (57/173) , 127.33 IU/L; 86.67% (852/983) , 923.73 IU/L). The difference showed statistical significance (χ(2) = 399.92, P < 0.01; H = 202.11, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Among the persistent population in China, measles antibody level among the children aging 1-9 years old was high enough to prevent outbreak and epidemic of measles. However, we should try our best to strengthen the measles antibody level among the babies younger than 1 year old and the migrant population aging between 15 and 40 years old.</p>

Safety of different sequential immunization schedules of inactivated poliovirus vaccine and oral poliovirus vaccine primary vaccination / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate safety of different sequential immunization schedules of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) primary vaccination.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Infants of 2 months old (60-89 days) selected in Beijing, were assigned to four groups, 1 dose IPV plus 2 doses OPV (I-O-O), 2 doses IPV plus 1 dose OPV(I-I-O), 3 doses IPV (I-I-I), and 3 doses OPV (O-O-O), and were vaccinated at the age of 2, 3, 4 months, from 2009 to 2011. The frequencies of systemic as well as local injection site reactions after every dose were recorded and calculated. A total of 553 infants were enrolled in the study and 89 infants were quit, 1492 diseases were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of adverse events in I-O-O, I-I-O, I-I-I, O-O-O were 22.9% (94/410), 18.4% (60/327), 22.0% (78/354) and 17.7% (71/401) with no statistical differences (χ(2) = 4.84, P = 0.184). Dose 1 (22.7% (32/141)-35.3% (54/153) ) was more frequently than dose 2 and dose 3. No serious adverse events (SAE) were reported during the study. The incidence of systemic adverse reactions in I-O-O, I-I-O, I-I-I, O-O-O were 21.5% (88/410), 17.7% (58/327) , 20.1% (71/354) and 17.7% (71/401) with no statistical differences (χ(2) = 2.53, P = 0.472). Abnormal crying were the most frequency reactions (7.2% (29/401)-11.3% (37/327) ) in 4 groups. Rarely severe reactions were observed of abnormal crying, somnolence, irritability and mild or medium reactions occurred in other symptoms. Local adverse reactions such as injection site pain, scleroma and swelling were reported by 2.2% (5/229)-5.6% (22/393) ,0-0.9% (2/229) and 0-1.0% (4/393) in I-O-O,I-I-O and I-I-I, and most reactions were mild.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Three IPV immunization and IPV/OPV sequential immunization as well as three OPV immunization demonstrated safe.</p>