[Preparation of Rubber Accelerator Zinc Diethyldithiocarbamate and Its Spectral Analysis].

In the study, rubber accelerator Zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (EZ) was synthesized firstly. Complex EZ of single crystal was cultivated by solvent evaporation method. EZ was detected and characterized by XRD single crystal diffraction, FTIR and TG-DSC. The micro-structure and intrinsic regularity were revealed. Its highly efficient performance of rubber vulcanization promotion was decided due to its orientation structure? and high order. The result of TG-DSC showed that complex EZ was possessed with a little CS2. The chemical bond types in EZ were revealed by FTIR, the same as single crystal? diffraction testing by different way. The decomposition temperature of EZ was very high. It could provided reference with research on rubber vulcanizing properties by EZ on rubber vulcanizing machine. This study can help the enterprises to designate the working standard tracing detection of EZ industrialized production. Performance index of EZ was judged. The project of EZ industry standard can be declared by the enterprises, written a draft standard on the basis experimental data.

[Effect of p53 expression in the primary lesion and the surgical margin on the postoperative radiotherapy for laryngeal squamous carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between prognosis and p53 expression in primary lesion and the surgical margin of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as an indication of postoperative radiotherapy. METHODS: Sixty-seven laryngeal SCC with pathological negative margin were analyzed retrospectively. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of p53. RESULTS: The p53 positive rates in the primary tumor and the surgical margin were 19.4% (13/67) and 50.7% (34/67). In p53 positive primary tumor group, the survival rate was higher in patients who received postoperative radiotherapy than those without (60.6% vs 20.0%, P = 0.000 5) and the recurrent rate was just the reverse (42.1% vs 93.3%, P = 0.002), though these differences were not significant in p53 negative primary tumor group (87.5% vs 94.1%, P = 0.409 6; 25.0% vs 5.9%, P = 0.175). The recurrent rate and survival rate between patients with and without postoperative radiotherapy did not show any significant difference either in p53 positive surgical margin group (47.4% vs 20.0%, P = 0.378 1; 62.5% vs 80.0%, P = 1.0) or p53 negative ones (84.9% vs 66.6%, P = 0.074 3; 20.6% vs 40.7%, P = 0.248). CONCLUSION: Postoperative radiotherapy should be given to patients with p53 positive primary laryngeal cancer. But those who are pathologically margin negative but p53 positive should not be taken, at least for the present, as candidates for postoperative radiotherapy.

[Effectiveness evaluation and prognostic factor analysis in patients with minor salivary gland carcinoma of the hard palate].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Minor salivary gland carcinoma of the hard palate is rare, and its long-term survival rate is high, making it difficult to evaluate the prognostic factors and the efficacy of treatment. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of treatment and investigate the prognostic factors of minor salivary gland carcinoma of the hard palate. METHODS: Ninety-six cases of minor salivary gland carcinoma of the hard palate hospitalized in Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, from 1964 to 2001 were reviewed retrospectively. The cumulative survival rate was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. The factors were compared using the log-rank test. The influencing factors were screened by Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 65.60% and 47.90%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year disease-specific survival rates for the patients treated with surgery (53 cases) and surgery + radiotherapy (35 cases) were 73.14%, 67.40% and 66.58%,46.60%,respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age >or=50 years old,tumor size >or=3 cm,surgical margin status,and recurrence were independently associated with decreased survival rates (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Surgery or surgery dominated multi-modality therapy was the principal treatment modality for minor salivary gland carcinoma of the hard palate. Age >or=50 years old, tumor size >or=3 cm, surgical margin status, and recurrence are independent factors affecting the prognosis.

[Distant metastases and their significant indicators in laryngeal cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors on distant metastases (DM) of laryngeal cancer. METHODS: 277 cases of laryngeal cancer hospitalized in Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University from 1990 to 1995 were reviewed. 18 cases with DM were investigated to confirm the distant metastatic rate, target organ, time interval, and prognosis. Kaplan-Meier and Cox model analysis were used to find the significant indicators for DM in laryngeal cancer. RESULTS: The overall incidence of DM in laryngeal cancer was 6.5% (18/277). The target site of DM was mainly in lung 83.3% (15/18), liver 16.7% (3/18). 3 cases with DM in lung also combined with bone metastases which occurred in vertebra 1, lib 1 and 1 in multi-sites. 2 patients were diagnosed DM when admitted, and the rest with time interval between 1 and 103 months (median 7 months). The 3-year and 5-year cumulative survival in laryngeal cancer with DM was 23.8% and 11.9% respectively. The time interval between the presentation of DM and death was 2.77 months (median 4.6 months). The worst prognosis is liver metastasis with which the patient could survive 4.6 months at most in our study. Kaplan-Meier analysis in 277 laryngeal cancers showed that pathology, pathological differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma, N stage, and clinical stage were significant indicators for DM from laryngeal cancer. Cox model analysis showed that only N stage was the significant prognostic factor for DM in laryngeal cancer (Wald = 7.889, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Laryngeal cancer has certain percentage of DM, which is mainly in lung and their prognosis is usually poor. Non-squamous cell carcinoma, low pathological differentiation, cervical metastasis and advanced cancer are the possible indicators for DM, but our study shows that only N stage significantly predicts DM from laryngeal cancer.

[Correlation between prognosis and the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E in surgical margin specimen of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the correlation between prognosis and the expression of eIF4E in the pathological negative surgical margin patients of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of eIF4E protein in the pathological negative margin specimen and primary site of cancer of 67 patients, and 5 year survival rate data of those patients was analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The positive expression rate of eIF4E protein in surgical margin and primary site of cancer was 32.8% (22/67) and 100% (67/67) respectively. As for the control group, in which the eIF4E protein expression was not be found. The local recurrence rate was 63.6% for patients with eIF4E positive margin and 28.9% for patients with eIF4E negative margin (P = 0.006). The 5-year survival rate of patients with eIF4E positive margin was lower than those with negative margin (43.31% vs 77.52%, P = 0.0006). CONCLUSION: The prognosis of patients with eIF4E protein positive expression in the pathological negative surgical margin may be worse than those of the negative.

[Treatment of second primary malignant tumor induced by radiotherapy].

OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnosis and treatment of a second primary malignant tumor induced by previous radiotherapy. METHODS: From March 1970 to March 1997, 108 nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients who developed a second primary malignant tumor induced by radiotherapy were treated. There were squamous carcinoma 43 (39.8%), sarcoma 26 (24.1%), malignant fibrous histiocytoma 14 (13.0%), adenoid cystic carcinoma 12 (11.1%), thyroid papillary adenocarcinoma 8 (7.4%) and malignant melanoma 5 (4.6%). Fifty patients underwent operation, 32 received radiotherapy, 18 received chemotherapy and 8 received operation combined with chemotherapy. RESULTS: The 3- and 5-year tumor-free survival rates were 64.0% and 36.0% in the operation group. They were 34.4% and 18.8% in the radiotherapy group. CONCLUSION: Surgery, if not contra-indicated, is the first choice for the second primary malignant tumor induced by radiotherapy. Aggressive treatment for these patients is, hence, indicated clinically.

[Optimized methods of sentinel node localization in cN0 tongue carcinoma].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: At present, there is no clinical examination and biochemical marker available to assess the lymph node status of tongue carcinoma with clinically negative neck (cN0) accurately. Therefore, the treatment of the cN0 neck in tongue carcinoma is of blind to some extent. Application of sentinel node(SN) biopsy may possibly bring about the individualized management of the cN0 neck of tongue carcinoma. This study was designed to assess whether lymph node status can be accurately evaluated by SN biopsy and to screen out the optimized sentinel node localization method. METHODS: Preoperative nuclear lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative methylene blue dye mapping were performed in 24 cases of tongue carcinoma to reveal the efficacy of sentinel node biopsy in evaluating the lymph node status in cN0 tongue carcinoma. Shortcomings and advantages of lymphoscintigraphy, methylene blue dye mapping and combination of both methods were discussed. RESULTS: Sentinel nodes were detected in all cases with both methods. Sentinel nodes were found with metastasis in 4 cases. No non-sentinel node was found with metastasis while sentinel nodes were pathologically negative. The detection rates were 3.5 sentinel nodes per case by lymphoscintigraphy, and 2.7 by methylene blue dye, while only 2.2 sentinel nodes by combined methods. CONCLUSION: Either lymphoscintigraphy or methylene blue dye mapping can be used to assess the cervical lymph node status of cN0 tongue carcinoma accurately. Combination with both methods is the most efficient and practicable method in sentinel node detection.

[Regularity and therapeutic strategy of cervical lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: At present, whether neck dissection should be employed in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue with clinically node negative neck(cN0) is still controversial. This study was designed to explore the regularity of cervical lymph node metastasis in SCC of the mobile part of the tongue, and to discuss the theories and principles of employment of selective neck dissection in cN0 cases. METHODS: A retrospective research was performed on clinical data of 214 cases of SCC of the tongue treated with surgery from 1991 to 1997. Distribution of cervical lymph node metastasis of cN0 pN(+)= (pathologically node positive) and cN(+) (clinically node positive) pN(+)= cases were analyzed; the survival rates of different groups were compared; the factors that impact the survival of SCC of the tongue were screened out by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Cervical lymph node metastases were found in 69 cases. The metastatic rate was 32.2%. Metastases occurred in level I, II, III, IV, V of the ipsilateral neck were 22.3%, 33.5%, 22.3%, 4.6%, 1.0%, in level I,II,III, IV,V of the contralateral neck were 6.6%, 3.6%, 3.0%, 2.0%, 0.5%, respectively. The 5-year survival rates of the pN(+)= group and the pN0 group were 47% and 83%, respectively(P< 0.001). T stage and N stage were independent factors that impact the long-term outcome of SCC of the tongue. CONCLUSION: Level I,II,III of the ipsilateral neck tend to be involved when cervical lymph node metastases occur. Selective neck dissection can be used to treat the cervical metastasis in cN0 cases, as well as to evaluate the cervical lymph node status in order to determine whether comprehensive neck dissection should be employed.

[Clinical and pathological related factors of occult cervical lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of tongue].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Some clinical and histopathological features of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue (TSCC) were closely associated with occult cervical lymph node metastasis (OCLNM). This study was designed to investigate the correlation between occult cervical lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of tongue and the clinicopathological indexes of primary tumor tissue. METHODS: Thirty-five TSCC patients with OCLNM treated in Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University from 1988 to 1996 were enrolled. According to random principle, 35 TSCC patients without OCLNM at the same period were selected. Tumor deepness was measured and pathological parameters were assessed under microscope. RESULTS: The rates of OCLNM in group of infiltrative plus ulcerative type, group of infiltrative type, group of ulcerative type and group of exogenous type were 70.37%, 41.67%, 40.00%, and 27.27%, respectively; the rates of OCLNM in T1, T2, and T4 were 44.00%, 43.48%, and 62.64%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of tumor deepness < 4 mm, 4-7.9 mm, and > or = 8 mm were 14.29%, 61.54%, and 88.89%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of response of peritumoral lymphocyte +, ++ and +++ were 73.68%, 58.62%, and 18.18%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of with vascular invasion and without vascular invasion were 85.71% and 46.03%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of well, moderate, and poor differentiation were 52.63%, 42.31%, and 66.67%, respectively. The rates of OCLNM in groups of invasive patterns of type I, type II, type III, and type IV were 40.90%, 50.00%, 52.00%, and 80.00%, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that OCLNM in TSCC was closely associated with gross appearance of primary tumor, tumor deepness, response degree of peritumoral lymphocyte and vascular invasion (P < 0.05), but was not associated with T stage, pathological differentiation, and invasion way (P > 0.05); Logistic multivariate analysis manifested that only tumor deepness and response degree of peritumoral lymphocyte significantly correlated with OCLNM in TSCC. CONCLUSION: There was significant correlation between gross appearance of primary tumor, tumor deepness, response degree of peritumoral lymphocyte and vascular invasion and OCLNM in TSCC. These parameters can be used to predict occult cervical lymph node metastasis in TSCC.

[Application of microwave coagulation in treatment of cancer of oral cavity: summary of 96 cases].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: There was few report about the protection of oral function of microwave coagulation in treatment of cancer of floor of the mouth. This study was designed to systematically clarify the principle, operation, treatment of the primary cancer and lymph nodes, efficiency, function of the mouth, complications and indications of the microwave coagulation in treatment of the cancer of the oral cavity. Based on this, the significance of the two special methods and prevention of bleeding during the cause were discussed. METHODS: Ninety-six cases with cancer of oral cavity who were treated with microwave coagulation were analyzed retrospectively. The survival rates and the recurrent rates of those with the coagulated tissue be resected or unresected, and of the positive margin group and the negative margin group were compared for analyzing the complications and prevention of them. RESULTS: The difference of the survival rates of those whose coagulated tissue pathologically positive and negative was insignificant (Log Rank = 0.70, P = 0.4033), and the differences of the recurrent rates of the primary site, secondary site and the uncertain site of them were also insignificant (chi 2 = 1.65, 0.837, 0.003; P = 0.684, 0.36, 0.959). The overall survival rate of the patients with negative margin was better than those of with positive margin (Log Rank = 6.08, P = 0.0136). However, the difference of the recurrent rates of them was insignificant (chi 2 = 0.327, P = 0.567). The total complication rate of 96 patients was 9.6% and all of them were acceptable. The complication rate of those with the coagulated tissue be resected was lower than that of the unresected (P = 0.013). CONCLUSION: Ligating the tongue artery, resecting the coagulated tissue, and packing the wound margin were effective methods to prevent the bleeding. The pathological result of the coagulated tissue could not be used to predict the prognosis. It is best to hold enough treatment range for microwave coagulation. Application of microwave coagulation in treatment of cancer of oral cavity has the advantage of less and slight complications.

[Correlation between expression of p53 and prognosis of laryngeal squamous carcinoma].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: p53 expression was a marker to predict the poor prognosis of laryngeal cancer. Detection of p53 in the pathological negative margin can be used to find more patients with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to reveal the correlation between p53 expression and prognosis in primary cancer and surgical margin of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS: The clinical data of 67 laryngeal SCC with pathological negative margin were analyzed retrospectively. The expression of p53 protein in the margin and primary cancer was detected by immunohistochemistry. The survival rates and the recurrent rates were compared between p53 positive and negative group both in surgical margin and primary cancer. RESULTS: (1) The positive rates of p53 in surgical margin and primary cancer were 19.4% (13/67) and 50.7% (34/67), respectively. (2) The recurrent rate of positive margin group was higher than that of negative margin group (69.2% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.018). The survival rate of positive margin group was lower than that of negative margin group (24.62% vs. 75.69%, P = 0.0012). The recurrent rate of p53 positive primary cancer was higher than that of p53 negative primary cancer (64.7% vs. 15.2%, P = 0.0000). The survival rate of p53 positive primary cancer was lower than that of p53 negative primary cancer (42.86% vs. 90.86%, P = 0.0000). CONCLUSION: The prognosis of those with p53 protein positive in the pathological margin or the primary cancer were worse than that of the negative group.

[Multivariate analysis for prognostic predictors in the cN0 squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: There is controversy in therapy strategy for the cN0 squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. The aim of this study was to explore the relative factors of prognosis for the cN0 squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and to identify the risk population. METHODS: Cox regression model was used to analyze the clinical data of 109 patients with cN0 tongue cancer treated in Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University from January 1990 to March 1998. The prognostic index (PI) of the patients was calculated on basis of the results of multivariate analysis. According to the individualized PI, the patients were classified to different hazard groups. RESULTS: The 3, 5 years survival rates were 74.40%and 69.31%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed the prognosis statistically correlated with T grade, therapy manner of primary tumor, differentiation grade, age, and occult neck lymph node metastasis. T stage was found to be the most important prognostic factor. The prognosis of the patients in comprehensive therapy group is better than that in surgery alone group, chemotherapy alone,or radiotherapy alone group. The patients with tongue carcinoma in low differentiation group, the older group, or occult neck lymph node metastasis group showed a poor prognosis. The patients were divided into high-risk group,moderate-risk group, and low-risk group according to the PI value and there was significant difference in the survival rates between each two groups of the three groups (P< 0.05), and the 5-year survival rates were 83.33%, 64.12%, and 27.65%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of cN0 squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is associated with T grade, therapy manner of primary tumor, differentiation grade, age, and occult neck lymph node metastasis. PI value could be used to predict the prognosis of the patients with the cN0 squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.

[Multivariate analysis of prognosis of patients with clinical stage I and II carcinoma of mobile tongue].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: There are many factors affecting the prognosis of the patients with clinical stage I and II carcinoma of mobile tongue. This study was designed to analyze the most important factors affecting the prognosis. METHODS: The data of long period follow-up were analyzed retrospectively for 147 patients with clinical stage I and II squamous cell carcinoma of mobile tongue to evaluate the contribution of every factors influencing on survival. Survival analysis was performed by life table method; comparison among/between groups was performed using log-rank test; multivariate analysis was carried out using Cox proportional hazard model and Logistic regression model. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that pathological grade (G2 and G3), status of cervical lymph node, pathological stage (stage III and IV), history of alcohol consumption, primary location recurrence, regional recurrence, primary location and regional recurrence, and cancer recurrence were risk factors of the prognosis of the patients (P< 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that locoregional recurrence (P=0.000) and pathological stage (P=0.045) could predict the prognosis. The result of Logistic regression model indicated that status of cervical lymph node (P=0.003) and history of alcohol consumption (P=0.012) were closely associated with locoregional recurrence. CONCLUSION: Locoregional recurrence and pathological stage(stage III and IV) are the most important factors affecting the prognosis of the patients with clinical stage I and II squamous cell carcinoma of mobile tongue. The risk factors affecting locoregional recurrence of the patients are positive cervical lymph node and history of alcohol consumption.

[Surgical margin to direct the treatment and predict the prognosis of laryngeal carcinoma after partial laryngectomy].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The surgical margin is very important for laryngeal carcinoma treatment. To preserve more laryngeal tissue can give patients good function, however, which increase the rate of positive surgical margin and recurrence. The correct surgical margin is benefit for laryngeal carcinoma patients' prognosis. This study was designed to investigate the value of surgical margin to direct the treatment of laryngeal carcinoma after partial laryngectomy and to evaluate the prognosis of laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS: The authors studied 115 cases of laryngeal carcinoma in which surgical margin samples were harvested during partial laryngectomy. The recurrence rate and survival curve of the positive and negative margin group were compared; The survival curve between the groups with and without postoperative radiotherapy both in negative margin group and positive margin group were also compared. RESULTS: The results of the negative group were better than that of the positive group: recurrence rate was higher (28.0% Vs 7.8% P = 0.006), the survival curve was better(P = 0.0241); The survival curve of those with positive surgical margin, at the same time, treated by postoperative radiotherapy was better than that of those without postoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.0046); but in negative group, the survival curve of those who treated with or without postoperative radiotherapy or not was different insignificantly (P = 0.0829). CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of the positive margin group of laryngeal carcinoma was waster than that of the negative group, but it can be improved partially by postoperative radiotherapy. The best way to improve the prognosis was dissect entirely; There is not necessary to treat negative group by postoperative radiotherapy.

[Role of induction chemotherapy with bleomycin A5 in treating stage T2 tongue squamous cell carcinoma].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Induction chemotherapy play an important role in treatment of the patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma. This study was designed to evaluate the role of induction chemotherapy with single agent bleomycin A5 in treating stage T2 tongue squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed the influence of surgery and induction chemotherapy with single agent bleomycin A5 plus surgery on survival rate and locoregional control among 72 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rates were 81.46% and 57.14% respectively for the group of surgery alone and the group of induction chemotherapy plus surgery, the difference between the two groups were significant (P = 0.0229). The rates of locoregional recurrence were 22.2%, 33.3% and the medial time of recurrence was 20, 24 months respectively in the two groups. For the patients in stage II and stage III plus stage IV, there was no difference between the two groups for the 5-year survival rate (P = 0.0949; P = 0.0739). For the patients in stage III plus stage IV, the rates of locoregional recurrence were 12.5%, 35.7% and the medial time of recurrence was 12, 12.8 months, respectively, in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: It has no significant role in treatment of the patients with stage T2 tongue squamous cell carcinoma for single agent bleomycin A5. Induction chemotherapy using single agent bleomycin A5 did not improve the 5-year survival rate for early or late primary lesions. The impact on the control rate of locoregional recurrence would be studied further for single agent bleomycin A5.

[Influence of induction chemotherapy on long-time effect of patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Induction chemotherapy is important in comprehensive care of patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. However, the effect of induction chemotherapy on the long-time effect was not clearly known. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between pathological negativity of primary lesion after induction chemotherapy and long-time effect in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: The 3 year survival rate, the 5 year survival rate, survival rate with tumor free, and reasons of treatment failure of 25 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma which primary lesion was pathologically negative were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The 3 year survival rate and the 5 year survival rate of the patients which primary lesion (91.75% and 91.66%) was pathologically negative were both higher than the patients with residual tumor (64.52% and 57.0%). The survival rate with tumor free in the former was also higher than that in the latter. The main reasons for treatment failure were local recurrence and/or regional lymph node metastasis/recurrence. CONCLUSION: Induction chemotherapy could increase the long-time survival rate of the patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma whose primary lesion was pathologically negative.

[Factoral analysis related to primary recurrence of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas after treatment].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the factors associated with the primary recurrence in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas after treatment. METHODS: A total of 166 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas hospitalized in Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University from 1990 to 1995 were reviewed retrospectively. It was considered primary recurrence that pathologically confirmed recurrence after 6 months of follow-up. The correlative factors which included age, pathological differentiation, diseased site, stage, treatment modality, surgical procedures, surgical margin, and radiotherapy with primary recurrence were investigated. RESULTS: The primary recurrence in this group after treatment was 16.3% (27/166). The primary recurrence rates in different treatment modalities of definitive radiotherapy, definitive surgery, and combined management were 50%, 8.9%, and 14.1%, respectively, which had statistical significance (P < 0.05). The primary recurrence rates in surgical and non-surgical(radiotherapy and radiochemotherapy) treatment were 11.3% and 44%, respectively, which had statistical significance(P < 0.05). The comparison of T stage in different treatment modalities showed definitive radiotherapy had earlier T stage than definitive surgery and combined therapy(P < 0.05). The primary recurrence rates in positive and negative surgical margin were 34.8% and 6.1%, respectively, which had statistical significance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of primary site influences directly the primary relapse. Surgical treatment has better primary control than non-surgical treatment. Definitive radiotherapy has more probability of primary recurrence. The surgical clearance of the primary site influences directly the primary control.