Probio-M9, a breast milk-originated probiotic, alleviates mastitis and enhances antibiotic efficacy: Insights into the gut-mammary axis.

Breast milk naturally contains lactic acid bacteria, but their precise origin remains a subject of debate. In this study, we utilized a rat mastitis animal model to investigate the potential of a breast milk-derived probiotic strain, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9, in alleviating mastitis and enhancing the efficacy of antibiotic treatment. Through histopathological analysis of mammary tissue, we observed that Probio-M9 effectively relieved mastitis, mitigated inflammation, and improved the response to antibiotic treatment. Metagenomic analysis further revealed that Probio-M9 enhanced interactions among gut microbes, accompanied by an increase in the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae and the regulation of specific genes and carbohydrate-active enzymes, subsequently impacting host immunity. Additionally, an intriguing finding was the translocation of live Probio-M9 from the gut to the mammary tissue only during bacterial mastitis and lactation, likely facilitated through lymphatic circulation. These findings advance our understanding of the intricate gut-mammary axis and provide valuable insights into the potential health benefits of probiotic interventions.

Perioperative management of a patient with unexpectedly detected early-stage ovarian mucinous carcinoma combined with progressive bulbar paralysis: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Giant ovarian cysts (GOCs)complicated with progressive bulbar paralysis (PBP) are very rare, and no such literature about these cases have been reported. Through the diagnosis and treatment of this case, the perioperative related treatment of such patients was analyzed in detail, and early-stage ovarian mucinous carcinoma was unexpectedly found during the treatment, which provided reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of this kind of diseases. CASE PRESENTATION: In this article, we reported a 38-year-old female patient. The patient was diagnosed with PBP 2 years ago. Examination revealed a large fluid-dominated cystic solid mass in the pelvis measuring approximately 28.6×14.2×8.0 cm. Carbohydrate antigen19-9(CA19-9) 29.20 IU/mL and no other significant abnormalities were observed. The patient eventually underwent transabdominal right adnexal resection under regional anesthesia, epidural block. Postoperative pathology showed mucinous carcinoma in some areas of the right ovary. The patient was staged as stage IA, and surveillance was chosen. With postoperative follow-up 1 month later, her CA19-9 decreased to 14.50 IU/ml. CONCLUSIONS: GOCs combined with PBP patients require a multi-disciplinary treatment. Preoperative evaluation of the patient's PBP progression, selection of the surgical approach in relation to the patient's fertility requirements, the nature of the ovarian cyst and systemic condition are required. Early mucinous ovarian cancer accidentally discovered after operation and needs individualized treatment according to the guidelines and the patient's situation. The patient's dysphagia and respiratory function should be closely monitored during the perioperative period. In addition, moral support from the family is also very important.

A case report of an endometriosis cyst at cesarean scar defect and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Cesarean scar defect (CSD) presents as a cystic defect that connects the uterine cavity at the site of the previous cesarean section (CS). Endometriosis refers to the discovery of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Cases of endometriosis cysts at CSD have not been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: In this article, we will present a patient with an endometriosis cyst at CSD with symptoms of a prolonged menstrual cycle, periods without cyclic abdominal pain, and a history of cesarean delivery. The gynecologic ultrasound showed a CSD and a mixed mass in the right front of the uterus. After about 1 month, the tumor grew from a diameter of 4.75 cm to 8.06 × 6.23 × 3.66 cm. The patient eventually had an operation, which revealed a mass protruding from the incision in the anterior uterine wall, which was attached to the anterior uterine wall by a thin tip with a smooth surface. Intraoperative rapid cytopathology suggested that endometrial glands were seen within the smooth muscle tissue, similar to endometriosis. Subsequently, the patient underwent resection of the endometriotic cyst. Final paraffin pathology showed smooth muscle with visible endometrial glands and old hemorrhage, and a one-year follow-up showed no recurrence of endometriosis cysts at CSD. CONCLUSIONS: Endometriosis cysts at CSD are very rare. The clinical symptoms may be less obvious, and the diagnosis relies mainly on the patient's previous surgical history and imaging. A finding of a pelvic mass in the location of the CSD, with or without symptoms of menstrual changes and intermittent abdominal pain, should be considered an endometriotic cyst at CSD. Surgical treatment is a good choice for this disease. Further studies are needed regarding the etiological mechanism of this case and why the mass enlarged rapidly in one mouth.

MOF-Derived Nanoporous Carbon Incorporated in the Cation Exchange Membrane for Gradient Power Generation.

Ion exchange membranes (IEMs), as a part of the reverse electrodialysis (RED) system, play an important role in salinity gradient power (SGP) generation. Structure optimization of IEMs is critical to increase the power production by RED. In this work, metal organic framework (MOF)-derived nanoporous carbons (hollow zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-derived nanoporous carbons, HZCs) were incorporated in a sulfonated poly (2, 6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (sPPO) membrane to prepare an organic-inorganic nanocomposite cation exchange membrane (CEM). Physicochemical properties, electrochemical properties, and power generation of the synthesized nanocomposite membranes with different HZCs loading were characterized. The results show that the incorporated HZCs could tailor the microstructure of the membrane matrix, providing a superior performance of the nanocomposite membrane. With a HZCs loading of 1.0 wt.%, the nanocomposite membrane possessed the highest permselectivity of 77.61% and the lowest area resistance of 0.42 Ω·cm2, along with a super gross power density of 0.45 W/m2, which was 87.5% (about 1.87 times) higher than that of the blank sPPO membrane. Therefore, incorporating of an appropriate amount of HZCs in the ion-exchange membrane can improve the performance of the membrane, providing a promising method to increase the power generation of the RED system.

Pumping of electrolyte with mobile liquid metal droplets driven by continuous electrowetting: A full-scaled simulation study considering surface-coupled electrocapillary two-phase flow.

With the excellent merits of both solid conductors and rheological fluids, liquid metal (LM) provides new opportunities to serve as flexible building blocks of miniaturized electronic and fluidic devices. The phenomenon of continuous electrowetting (CEW) has been long utilized for actuating LM contents in buffer medium, wherein an externally imposed voltage difference is responsible of manipulating the interfacial tension of deformable LM droplets. CEW effectively lowers the surface tension at the LM/electrolyte interface by driving bipolar counterions to the surface of conducting droplet. Since surface tension coefficient relies sensitively on the local voltage drop across the induced double layer, an electric-analogy Marangoni effect occurs even under a rather weak electric field in the presence of a surface gradient of the interfacial tension. CEW of LM routinely induces unidirectional pumping of electrolyte in the direction of applied electric field, with LM droplet translating oppositely within the device channel. Although this subject has received great attention from the microfluidic society in the past decade, previous reports concerned either the individual delivery of the suspension medium or the transport of LM droplet. Starting from this point, we offer herein a fully coupled physical description of two-phase flow dynamics occurring in CEW. The proposed simulation model successfully incorporates the synergy of the interfacial electrokinetic momentum transfer, surface tension on a curved surface, contact angle at the three-phase contact line as well as the gravity force density. The spatial-temporal motion of the contact interface is traced instantly with a moving mesh approach. By direct numerical simulation, the importance of the direct-current bias, additional alternating-current forcing, droplet size, initial ion adsorption in the process of CEW is addressed. Additionally, it is discovered that increasing the number of LM droplet is more cost-effective than enhancing the volume of a single drop in terms of achieving an improvement of the resulted electrocapillary pump performance, while the translational speed of the discrete droplet carrier does not make an observable change in response to a variation in the drop number. These results prove invaluable in terms of an elaborate design of smart on-chip electrokinetic frameworks embedding flexible LM contents in modern micro-total-analytical systems.

Indole compounds with N-ethyl morpholine moieties as CB2 receptor agonists for anti-inflammatory management of pain: synthesis and biological evaluation.

The CB2 receptor plays a crucial role in analgesia and anti-inflammation. To develop novel CB2 agonists with high efficacy and selectivity, a series of indole derivatives with N-ethyl morpholine moieties (compounds 1-56) were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated. Compounds 1, 2, 3, 46 and 53 exhibited high CB2 receptor affinity at low nanomolar concentrations and good receptor selectivity (EC50(CB1)/EC50(CB2) greater than 1000). The most active compound, compound 2, was more potent than the standard drug GW405833 for in vitro agonistic action on the CB2 receptor. More importantly, in a rat model for CFA-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia, compound 2 had a potent anti-inflammatory pain effect within 12 hours after administration. At the 1 h time point, compound 2 had a dose-dependent reversal for hyperalgesia with an estimated ED50 value of 1.097 mg kg-1. Moreover, compound 2 significantly suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α) in CFA-induced lesions. These protective effects of compound 2 on inflammatory pain were superior to those of GW405833, suggesting that compound 2 may be a promising therapeutic drug that needs further validation.

Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of C6-Schiff bases derivatives of chitosan.

C6-Schiff bases derivatives of chitosan were synthesized for the first time. C2-amino groups and C3-hydroxy groups were firstly protected by CuSO4·5H2O, and the C6-hydroxy was then transformed into aldehyde, which then reacted with anilines through nucleophilic addition to introduce the CN group at C6-position in chitosan chain. Finally, C6-Schiff bases derivatives of chitosan were got by the deprotection of C2-NH2 with cation exchange resin. The structures and properties of the new synthesized products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 13C NMR, SEM image, and elemental analysis. The antibacterial activities of derivatives were tested in the experiment, and the results showed that the prepared chitosan derivatives had significantly improved antibacterial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The Cytotoxicity test showed that the prepared chitosan derivatives had low Cytotoxicity, compared with chitosan and C2-benzaldehyde Schiff bases of chitosan. This paper allowed a new method for the synthesis of Schiff bases of chitosan, which was enlightening.

4,4'-[Piperazine-1,4-diylbis(propyl-ene-nitrilo-methyl-idyne)]diphenol.

In the title mol-ecule, C(24)H(32)N(4)O(2), the piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation and the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 35.4 (1)°. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link mol-ecules into chains along [001].

1,4-Bis{3-[4-(dimethyl-amino)benzyl-ideneamino]prop-yl}piperazine.

The mol-ecule of the title compound, C(28)H(42)N(6), has site symmetry with the centroid of the piperazine ring located on an inversion center. The piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation. The benzene ring and propyl-piperazine are on opposite sides of the C=N bond, showing an E configuration.

Ethyl-enediammonium bis-(5-methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-pyrazol-1-ide): a hydrogen-bond-supported supra-molecular ionic assembly.

The title compound, C(2)H(10)N(2) (2+)·2C(10)H(9)N(2)O(-), is composed of deprotonated 5-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one anions (PMP(-)) and protonated ethyl-enediamine cations (H(2)en(2+)). The ethyl-enediammonium ion is located on a crystallographic inversion center. The dihedral angle between the phenyl and pyrazole rings is 39.73 (8)°. The two components are connected through N-H⋯O and N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming an infinite three-dimensional network.

[Study on the dynamic model of supercritical fluid extraction of effective ingredients from natural plant].

In order to obtain the theoretical mass transfer model in the process of extracting effective ingredients from natural plant by Supercritical Fluid, the mass transfer mechanism was analyzed and the analytical solution of the dynamic model of Supercritical Fluid Extraction was deduced through rational simplifying the differential mass balance equations. The complete extraction time, extraction yield as a function of time and the influence of the diameter of solid material on the extraction yield were calculated by the model and the results of computation fit well with the experimental data of literature. This model can be used to analyze, predict, design and optimize the process of extracting effective ingredients from natural plant by Supercritical Fluid.

[Study on the use of ultrasound technique in extraction of polysaccharides from Loquat leaf].

In order to gain the optimal extract condition of extraction polysaccharides in Loquate leaf by ultrasound technique, the single factor and the orthogonal experiments were carried. The results showed that the optimal condition turned out to be ultrasound extraction time 35 min, ultrasound power 120W, extraction temperature 60 degrees C and the liquid-to-solid ratio 12: 1. In contrast to conventional extraction method, the ultrasound technique could be a better method for extracting the polysaccharides from Loquat leaf with a higher yield and shorter time.