[Degradation Characteristics of Spectral Analysis of Straw Nursery Containers in Situ Soil Culture].

This paper aimed to reveal the degradation behavior of a new type of biodegradable containers. The biodegradable containers, which was made of modified soybean adhesive and straw, was processed in situ biodegradation under natural condition. The physicochemical property and microstructure of straw nursery containers treated and untreated were characterized with Cellulose Tester, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope - Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Thermo-gravimetry Analysis (TGA), respectively. The results indicated that the content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin of treated specimen decreased to 21.43%, 21.41% and 9.54% from 29.03%, 30.44% and 12.52%, respectively, comparing with those of untreated straw nursery container. FTIR analysis revealed that the ester and fat bond have been ruptured, and the aromatic characteristic peak became weakened. SEM-EDS spectrum showed the microfibril chain in the container has been fragmentation, and the soybean adhesive was also degradation. The surface of container appeared oxidization degradation. TGA analysis showed that a large number of small molecules have been produced in the process of degradation and the thermo-stability of treated samples improved.

[Methane production by anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure and Spartina alterniflora residue after producing methane].

The characteristics of Spartina alterniflora residue after producing methane (SAR) digested alone and co-digestion of various proportions of chicken manure and SAR were investigated by batch model at 35 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C. The initial total solid (TS) loading of all treatments was 8.0%. The results indicated that there was still some biogas produced by SAR with TS biogas yield of 107.25 mL x g(-1) and average methane content of 76.92%. The cellulose crystallinity of re-digested SAR was destructed by anaerobic microorganisms, and the destruction rate was 5.55%. Co-digestion meliorated the environment where microorganisms lived in and increased the cumulative biogas yield. When the ratio of chicken manure to SAR was 4 : 1, the cumulative biogas yield was highest while the cumulative biogas yield of T1 (the rate of chicken manure to SAR is 5 : 0 based on TS), T3-T6 (the rate of chicken manure to SAR are 3 : 2, 2 : 3, 1 :4 and 0 : 5 based on TS, respectively) were 61.31%, 62.09%, 52.15%, 39.74% and 31.67% of it. The anaerobic fermentation type of co-digestion is mix acid type fermentation. Co-digested with chicken manure promoted the destruction of cellulous crystallinity by 1.13% - 21.61% and especially when the rate of chicken manure to SAR was 4 : 1.