Mesenteric ischemia caused by chronic occlusion of multiple mesenteric arteries: a case report.

PURPOSE: Chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) is a rare disease that progresses with acute mesenteric ischemia, along with high mortality. How to choose the appropriate surgical method and the artery which should be opened first is the key to the treatment. CASE REPORT: In this study, we successively used vascular bypass and endovascular therapy to treat a case of complex chronic mesenteric ischemia. CONCLUSION: For mesenteric ischemic disease, the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) should be opened preferentially. Arterial bypass or interventional therapy can be used, or both can be combined, to finally achieve the purpose of treatment.

The effectiveness of interventions on improving body image for pregnant and postpartum women: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: Body image dissatisfaction, leading to a variety of negative emotions and adverse pregnancy or birth outcomes. Studies on body image interventions for pregnant and postpartum women have been reported, yielding mixed results. Existing evidence lacks a comprehensive review of the effectiveness of body image interventions for pregnant and postpartum women. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to systematically review interventions which aimed at improving body image during pregnancy and postpartum in women of childbearing age, and further to explore their effectiveness. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SinoMed, CNKI, and Wanfang Database, to retrieve relevant studies. Body image was reported employing descriptive analysis, whereas the Cochrane Handbook tool was used to evaluate the quality and potential bias of each included study. RESULTS: Following established inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 studies were identified from an initial 1,422 records for further analysis, involving 1290 participants. This systematic review grouped body image interventions into lifestyle interventions and psychological interventions based on their content. These interventions yielded more pronounced positive effects on improving body image in pregnant and postpartum women when compared to control groups. And, the statistical difference on psychological interventions is more significant on the whole. CONCLUSIONS: Our work offers a comprehensive overview of the effectiveness of body image interventions for pregnant and postpartum women. Psychological interventions are considered to be a suitable measure to improve body image for pregnant or postpartum women. Additional research and practical applications are recommended to enhance the mental health and well-being of perinatal women. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registry: CRD42024531531.

tRF-Leu reverse breast cancer cells chemoresistance by regulation of BIRC5.

OBJECTIVE: Accumulating studies reported the crucial roles of tRFs in tumorigenesis. However, their further mechanisms and clinical values remains unclear. This study aimed at the further investigation of tRF-Leu in breast cancer chemotherapy resistance. METHODS: The high-throughput sequencing was performed and identified the downregulation of tRF-Leu in MCF7/ADR cells. The function of tRF-Leu in breast cancer cells and breast cancer chemotherapy resistance was investigated in vitro and in vivo, including colony formation assay, CCK-8 assay, transwell assay and apoptosis assay. The binding site of tRF-Leu on BIRC5 was verified by dual-luciferase assay. RESULTS: tRF-Leu was downregulated in MCF7/ADR cells. Overexpression of tRF-Leu inhibited the migration of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, tRF-Leu could reverse the resistance of MCF7/ADR cells to Adriamycin both in vitro and in vivo. BIRC5 was a target of tRF-Leu, which might be involved in the chemotherapy resistance regulation. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that tRF-Leu could inhibit the chemotherapy resistance of breast cancer by targeting BIRC5. These findings might identify new biomarkers of breast cancer therapy and bring new strategies to reverse chemotherapy resistance.

Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Enamines Using Secondary Amines and In Situ-Generated Allenes from Nitrocyclopropanes.

A novel reaction of cyclic and acyclic secondary amines with in situ-generated allene intermediate species from nitro-substituted donor-acceptor cyclopropanes is reported. In the presence of a simple inorganic base, NaOH, tetrasubstituted enamine derivatives can be obtained in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction is operationally easy, features mild reaction conditions and simple inorganic bases, and is free of transition metals.

ZEB1 Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Endometrial Epithelial Cells and Plays a Critical Role in Embryo Implantation in Mice.

Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in carcinogenesis, but its role in embryo implantation has not yet been well studied. In the present study we evaluated the hypothesis that ZEB1-induced EMT is essential for embryo implantation in vivo. Endometrial epithelium from female Kunming mice (non-pregnant, and pregnant from day 2.5 to 6.5) were collected for assessment of mRNA/protein expression of ZEB1, and EMT markers E-cadherin and vimentin, by employment of real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical staining. To test if knockdown of ZEB1 affects embryo implantation in vivo, mice received intrauterine injection of shZEB1 before the number of embryos implanted was counted. The results showed that, ZEB1 was highly expressed at both mRNA and protein levels in the mouse endometrium on day 4.5 of pregnancy, paralleled with down-regulated E-cadherin and up-regulated vimentin expression (P < 0.05). Intrauterine injection of shZEB1 markedly suppressed embryo implantation in mice (P < 0.01). Conclusively, the present work demonstrated that ZEB1 is essential for embryo implantation under in vivo condition, and is possibly due to its effect on modulation of endometrial receptivity through EMT.

Application of antibiotic bone cement combined with lobulated perforator flap based on descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery in treatment of infected traumatic tissue defects of foot.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of antibiotic bone cement combined with the lobulated perforator flap based on the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (d-LCFA) in the treatment of infected traumatic tissue defects in the foot, in accordance with the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) concept. METHODS: From December 2019 to November 2022, 10 patients with infected traumatic tissue defects of the foot were treated with antibiotic bone cement combined with the d-LCFA lobulated perforator flap. The cohort comprised 6 males and 4 females, aged 21 to 67 years. Initial infection control was achieved through debridement and coverage with antibiotic bone cement, requiring one debridement in nine cases and two debridements in one case. Following infection control, the tissue defects were reconstructed utilizing the d-LCFA lobulated perforator flap, with the donor site closed primarily. The flap area ranged from 12 cm×6 cm to 31 cm×7 cm. Postoperative follow-up included evaluation of flap survival, donor site healing, and ambulatory function of the foot. RESULTS: The follow-up period ranged from 7 to 24 months, averaging 14 months. Infection control was achieved successfully in all cases. The flaps exhibited excellent survival rates and the donor site healed by first intention. Based on the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale, pain and function were evaluated as excellent in 3 cases, good in 5 cases, and moderate in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: The application of antibiotic bone cement combined with the d-LCFA lobulated perforator flap is an effective treatment for infected traumatic tissue defects of the foot with the advantages of simplicity, high repeatability, and precise curative effects. The application of the d-LCFA lobulated perforator flap in wound repair causes minimal damage to the donor site, shortens hospital stays, lowers medical expenses, and accelerates patient rehabilitation, aligning with the ERAS concept. Therefore, it is a practice worth promoting in clinical use.

Two colistin resistance-producing Aeromonas strains, isolated from coastal waters in Zhejiang, China: characteristics, multi-drug resistance and pathogenicity.

Introduction: Aeromonas spp. are ubiquitous inhabitants of ecosystems, and many species are opportunistically pathogenic to humans and animals. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Aeromonas species have been widely detected in hospitals, urban rivers, livestock, and aquatic animals. Results: In this study, we identified two Aeromonas isolates, namely Aeromonas veronii 0728Q8Av and Aeromonas caviae 1029Y16Ac, from coastal waters in Zhejiang, China. Both isolates exhibited typical biochemical characteristics and conferred MDR to 11 kinds of antibiotics, remaining susceptible to ceftazidime. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that both isolates harbored multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and several mobile genetic elements (MGEs) on the chromosomes, each containing a resistance genomic island (GI), a typical class 1 integron, a transposon, and various insertion sequences (ISs). Most ARGs were situated within the multiple resistance GI, which contained a class 1 integron and a transposon in both Aeromonas isolates. Furthermore, a chromosomal mcr-3.16 gene was identified in A. veronii 0728Q8Av, while a chromosomal mcr-3.3 was found in A. caviae 1029Y16Ac. Both mcr-3 variants were not located within but were distanced from the multidrug resistance GI on the chromosome, flanking by multiple ISs. In addition, a mcr-3-like was found adjacent to mcr-3.16 to form a tandem mcr-3.16-mcr-3-like-dgkA structure; yet, Escherichia coli carrying the recombinants of mcr-3-like did not exhibit resistance to colistin. And an incomplete mcr-3-like was found adjacent to mcr-3.3 in A. caviae 1029Y16Ac, suggesting the possibility that mcr-3 variants originated from Aeromonas species. In vivo bacterial pathogenicity test indicated that A. veronii 0728Q8Av exhibited moderate pathogenicity towards infected ayu, while A. caviae 1029Y16Ac was non-virulent. Discussion: Thus, both Aeromonas species deserve further attention regarding their antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity.

[Mechanism of Qiwei Guibao Granules in treatment of premature ovarian failure based on metabolomics].

In this study, a mouse model of premature ovarian failure(POF) was constructed by injecting D-galactose(200 mg·kg~(-1)) into the back of the neck for 6 weeks. The mice were randomly divided into a normal group(group N), a model group(group M), and a Qiwei Guibao Granules group(group A, 12.87 g·kg~(-1)). Starting from the 11th day of modeling, group A was treated with Qiwei Guibao Granules by gavage for 32 days, while group M and group N were given equal volume of saline. Metabolomics analysis was used to explore the mechanism of action of Qiwei Guibao Granules in the treatment of POF. The results showed that compared with group N, the group M exhibited decreased wet weight of bilateral ovaries, increased levels of LH and FSH in serum, and significantly decreased levels of E_2 and PROG. After treatment with Qiwei Guibao Granules, compared with the group M, the group A showed a significant increase in the wet weight of bilateral ovaries, a significant decrease in the levels of FSH and LH in serum, and a significant increase in the level of E_2. Metabolomics analysis revealed 55 differential metabolites identified between group N and group M(14 upregulated and 41 downregulated compared with group N) and 82 differential metabolites identified between group M and group A(56 upregulated and 26 downregulated compared with group M), with 5 metabolites showing consistent changes between the group N vs group M. After excluding these 5 metabolites, 77 metabolites that changed after intervention with Qiwei Guibao Granules were focused on. These mainly involved histidine metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Among them, carnosine, 1-methyl-L-histidine, imidazoleacetic acid, choline, L-threonine, beta-hydroxypyruvic acid, phosphatidylcholine, and glycerol-3-phosphate were the major differential metabolites in these three metabolic pathways. Therefore, Qiwei Guibao Granules may exert therapeutic effects on POF mice by regulating amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism in the mouse body.

Comprehensive Analysis of Methylome and Transcriptome to Identify Potential Genes Regulating Porcine Testis Development.

DNA methylation plays a critical role in regulating gene expression during testicular development. However, few studies report on candidate genes related to the DNA methylation regulation of porcine testicular development. This study examined the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their methylation levels in testicular tissues from pigs at 60 days of age (60 d) and 180 days of age (180 d) using RNA-Seq and whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). It was determined that DNA methylation primarily occurs in the cytosine-guanine (CG) context, and the analysis identified 106,282 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) corresponding to 12,385 differentially methylated genes (DMGs). Further integrated analysis of RNA-Seq and WGBS data revealed 1083 DMGs negatively correlated with the expression of DEGs. GO analysis showed that these genes were significantly enriched in spermatogenesis, germ cell development, and spermatid differentiation. The screening of enriched genes revealed that hyper-methylation repressed ADAM30, ADAM3A, DPY19L2, H2BC1, MAK, RPL10L, SPATA16, and YBX2, while hypo-methylation elevated CACNA1I, CADM1, CTNNB1, JAM2, and PAFAH1B3 expression. Additionally, the methylation status of the key genes ADAM3A, ADAM30, YBX2, JAM2, PAFAH1B3, and CTNNB1 was detected by bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). This study offers insights into the epigenetic regulation mechanisms underlying porcine testicular development.

Insulin enhances acid-sensing ion channel currents in rat primary sensory neurons.

Insulin has been shown to modulate neuronal processes through insulin receptors. The ion channels located on neurons may be important targets for insulin/insulin receptor signaling. Both insulin receptors and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are expressed in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. However, it is still unclear whether there is an interaction between them. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of insulin on the functional activity of ASICs. A 5 min application of insulin rapidly enhanced acid-evoked ASIC currents in rat DRG neurons in a concentration-dependent manner. Insulin shifted the concentration-response plot for ASIC currents upward, with an increase of 46.2 ± 7.6% in the maximal current response. The insulin-induced increase in ASIC currents was eliminated by the insulin receptor antagonist GSK1838705, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lavendustin A, and the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase antagonist wortmannin. Moreover, insulin increased the number of acid-triggered action potentials by activating insulin receptors. Finally, local administration of insulin exacerbated the spontaneous nociceptive behaviors induced by intraplantar acid injection and the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by intramuscular acid injections through peripheral insulin receptors. These results suggested that insulin/insulin receptor signaling enhanced the functional activity of ASICs via tyrosine kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathways. Our findings revealed that ASICs were targets in primary sensory neurons for insulin receptor signaling, which may underlie insulin modulation of pain.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Novel Inflammatory Signalings to Glaesserella parasuis Infection.

Glaesserella parasuis (GPS) can cause severe systemic inflammation in pigs, resulting in huge economic losses to the pig industry. At present, no effective method is available for the prevention and control of GPS infection. Molecular breeding for disease resistance is imminent, but disease-resistance genes have not been identified. To study the mechanism of systemic acute inflammation caused by GPS, we established three in vitro infection models (3D4/21 cells, PK15 cells, and PAVEC cells) according to its infection path. There was no significant difference in apoptosis among the three kinds of cells after 12 h of continuous GPS stimulation, while inflammatory factors were significantly upregulated. Subsequent transcriptome analysis revealed 1969, 1207, and 3564 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 3D4/21 cells, PK15 cells, and PAVEC cells, respectively, after GPS infection. Many of the DEGs were predicted to be associated with inflammatory responses (C3, CD44, etc.); cell proliferation, growth and apoptosis; gene expression; and protein phosphorylation. Key signaling pathways, including S100 family signaling, bacteria and virus recognition, and pathogen-induced cytokine storm signaling, were enriched based on Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Furthermore, a total of three putative transmembrane receptors and two putative G-protein-coupled receptors, namely F3, ICAM1, PLAUR, ACKR3, and GPRC5A, were identified by IPA among the three types of cells. ACKR3 and GPRC5A play pivotal roles in bacterial adhesion, invasion, host immune response and inflammatory response through the S100 family signaling pathway. Our findings provide new insights into the pathological mechanisms underlying systemic inflammation caused by GPS infection in pigs, and they lay a foundation for further research on disease-resistance breeding to GPS.

Cognitive function in Parkinson's disease: associations with perivascular space in basal ganglia.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is one of the most common symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), and may be detectable through changes in neural features visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Mild cognitive impairment is a transitional state between normal aging and dementia, and early recognition of Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) can help improve the quality of life and treatment for patients. This study investigated the association of enlarged perivascular space (EPVS) and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) with PD-MCI. AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate whether EPVS and WMH can be used as potential MRI markers for PD-MCI. METHODS: This retrospective study involved 200 patients with PD who underwent cranial MRI in our hospital from April 2021 to April 2022. Patients were divided into those with no cognitive impairment (PD-NCI) or mild cognitive impairment. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyzed associations of EPVS, WMH, and clinicodemographic characteristics with cognitive decline. RESULTS: Univariate regression identified severe EPVS in basal ganglia, severe WMH, older age, late-onset, male sex, low educational level, longer duration of disease, low triglycerides, low uric acid, and low scores on the Mini-mental State Exam as risk factors for PD-MCI. After adjusting for clinicodemographic risk factors in multivariate regression, low education level and EPVS in basal ganglia remained risk factors for cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Severe EPVS in basal ganglia and poor education, but not WMH, are independent risk factors of PD-MCI. Our findings suggest that non-invasive detection of EPVS in basal ganglia by MRI may be a valuable early indicator of cognitive decline in PD patients.

Endogenous nege-like viral elements in arthropod genomes reveal virus-host coevolution and ancient history of two plant virus families.

Negevirus is a recently proposed taxon of arthropod-infecting virus, which is associated with plant viruses of two families (Virgaviridae and Kitaviridae). Nevertheless, the evolutionary history of negevirus-host and its relationship with plant viruses remain poorly understood. Endogenous nege-like viral elements (ENVEs) are ancient nege-like viral sequences integrated into the arthropod genomes, which can serve as the molecular fossil records of previous viral infection. In this study, 292 ENVEs were identified in 150 published arthropod genomes, revealing the evolutionary history of nege-like viruses and two related plant virus families. We discovered three novel and eight strains of nege-like viruses in 11 aphid species. Further analysis indicated that 10 ENVEs were detected in six aphid genomes, and they were divided into four types (ENVE1-ENVE4). Orthologous integration and phylogenetic analyses revealed that nege-like viruses had a history of infection of over 60 My and coexisted with aphid ancestors throughout the Cenozoic Era. Moreover, two nege-like viral proteins (CP and SP24) were highly homologous to those of plant viruses in the families Virgaviridae and Kitaviridae. CP- and SP24-derived ENVEs were widely integrated into numerous arthropod genomes. These results demonstrate that nege-like viruses have a long-term coexistence with arthropod hosts and plant viruses of the two families, Virgaviridae and Kitaviridae, which may have evolved from the nege-like virus ancestor through horizontal virus transfer events. These findings broaden our perspective on the history of viral infection in arthropods and the origins of plant viruses. IMPORTANCE: Although negevirus is phylogenetically related to plant virus, the evolutionary history of negevirus-host and its relationship with plant virus remain largely unknown. In this study, we used endogenous nege-like viral elements (ENVEs) as the molecular fossil records to investigate the history of nege-like viral infection in arthropod hosts and the evolution of two related plant virus families (Virgaviridae and Kitaviridae). Our results showed the infection of nege-like viruses for over 60 My during the arthropod evolution. ENVEs highly homologous to viral sequences in Virgaviridae and Kitaviridae were present in a wide range of arthropod genomes but were absent in plant genomes, indicating that plant viruses in these two families possibly evolved from the nege-like virus ancestor through cross-species horizontal virus transmission. Our findings provide a new perspective on the virus-host coevolution and the origins of plant viruses.

Clinical outcomes after endoscopic resection and the risk of lymph node metastasis in rectal neuroendocrine tumors: a single-center retrospective study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The incidence of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (R-NETs) has increased in recent years. However, the predictors of lymph node (LN) metastasis and clinical outcomes, particularly following endoscopic treatment, remain unclear. Our study aims to elucidate the potential risk factors for LN metastasis and the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing endoscopic resection in R-NETs. METHODS: A total of 128 patients with R-NETs were retrospectively identified from a single center between June 2012 and December 2021. Risk factors for LN metastasis in R-NETs were analyzed using multivariate analysis. Additionally, the clinical outcomes of endoscopic resections in patients with R-NETs were assessed. RESULTS: In our study, 128 patients with R-NETs were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors for LN metastasis determined by multivariate analysis were tumor size and patient age at diagnosis. Among the 111 patients treated with endoscopic resection and with tumor margin records available, 92 underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and 19 underwent conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the positive rates of basal tumor margin and lateral tumor margin. Furthermore, 64 patients who underwent endoscopic resection for R-NETs were successfully followed up (range, 1.64-76.71 months), during which only one patient developed local recurrence. CONCLUSION: Tumor size and age at diagnosis were predictors for LN metastasis of R-NETs. Both ESD and EMR are alternative techniques with a favorable prognosis for R-NETs, even in cases with positive resection margins. However, due to the relatively small number of patients undergoing EMR and missing data in follow-up protocols, definitive conclusions require further large-scale studies.

Achieving Dual Emission of Fluorescence and Phosphorescence from Anti-Kasha's Metal-Organic Halides for Information Encryption.

Luminescent materials typically emit their fluorescence or phosphorescence at a specific wavelength with different excitation energies via the so-called Kasha's rule. If fluorescence or phosphorescence emission via anti-Kasha's rule could be achieved, it will hold great promise for applications in many fields. In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of new metal-organic halide materials with dual emission of efficient room-temperature phosphorescence and fluorescence, which obey anti-Kasha's rule. Here, three emitting metal-organic halides with formula [ZnX2(bidpe)] (X = Cl for 1, X = Br for 2, X = I for 3, bidpe = 4,4'-bis(imidazol-1-yl)diphenyl ether) were prepared and their photophysical properties were investigated. The complexes exhibit dual emission of fluorescence and phosphorescence via anti-Kasha's rule, and their RTP properties of resultant products are modulated by halide substitution synthesis. DFT calculations indicate that the singlet states exhibit a halide-ligand charge transfer (XLCT) character while the triplet states are dominated by the intraligand π-π* transitions. Furthermore, the multilevel information encryption and anticounterfeiting applications are developed by virtue of anti-Kasha's rule emission.

Differences in gray matter atrophy and functional connectivity between motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with postural gait abnormalities exhibit poorer motor function scores, more severe non-motor symptoms, faster cognitive function deterioration, and a less favorable response to drugs and surgery compared to PD patients with tremor. This discrepancy is believed to be associated with more pronounced gray matter atrophy and abnormal functional connectivity. To investigate the distinctive pathological mechanisms between PD subtypes, we examined gray matter volume (GMV) and functional connectivity in patients with Parkinson's disease presenting with postural instability/gait difficulty (PD-PIGD), patients with tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease (PD-TD), and healthy controls. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of T1-weighted images was conducted to compare GMV among 64 PD-PIGD patients, 44 PD-TD patients, and 32 controls. Subsequently, functional connectivity within regions showing reduced GMV was compared across the groups. We analyzed whether differences among the groups were associated with clinical characteristics and neuroimaging biomarkers using partial correlation and binary logistic regression. Our comparison between PD-PIGD and PD-TD patients revealed a link between PD-PIGD and more extensive frontotemporal atrophy, potentially indicating increased basal ganglia activity accompanied by decreased cerebellum activity. Furthermore, in addition to the smaller GMV in the left middle temporal gyrus, the increased functional connectivity between this brain region and the right caudate was also the independent risk factor for PD-PIGD. In addition, we compared brain network connectivity between the PIGD and TD subtypes, using an independent component analysis (ICA). We found that Compared to PD-TD, PD-PIGD patients showed an enhanced sensorimotor network (SMN) around the left supplementary motor area. These findings suggest that severe gray matter atrophy and abnormal functional connectivity and brain networks may serve as pathophysiological mechanisms distinguishing PD-PIGD patients from other subtypes.

Mitochondrial-targeted cyclometalated Ir(III)-5,7-dibromo/dichloro-2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline complexes and their anticancer efficacy evaluation in Hep-G2 cells.

Both 8-hydroxyquinoline compounds and iridium (Ir) complexes have emerged as potential novel agents for tumor therapy. In this study, we synthesized and characterized two new Ir(III) complexes, [Ir(L1)(bppy)2] (Br-Ir) and [Ir(L2)(bppy)2] (Cl-Ir), with 5,7-dibromo-2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (HL-1) or 5,7-dichloro-2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline as the primary ligand. Complexes Br-Ir and Cl-Ir successfully inhibited antitumor activity in Hep-G2 cells. In addition, complexes Br-Ir and Cl-Ir were localized in the mitochondrial membrane and caused mitochondrial damage, autophagy, and cellular immunity in Hep-G2 cells. We tested the proteins related to mitochondrial and mitophagy by western blot analysis, which showed that they triggered mitophagy-mediated apoptotic cell death. Remarkably, complex Br-Ir showed high in vivo antitumor activity, and the tumor growth inhibition rate was 63.0% (P < 0.05). In summary, our study on complex Br-Ir revealed promising results in in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity assays.

Complete genome sequence and genetic characterization of a novel segmented RNA virus infecting Nilaparvata lugens.

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is a significant agricultural pest capable of long-distance migration and transmission of viruses that cause severe disease in rice. In this study, we identified a novel segmented RNA virus in a BPH, and this virus exhibited a close relationship to members of a recently discovered virus lineage known as "quenyaviruses" within the viral kingdom Orthornavirae. This newly identified virus was named "Nilaparvata lugens quenyavirus 1" (NLQV1). NLQV1 consists of five positive-sense, single-stranded RNAs, with each segment containing a single open reading frame (ORF). The genomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis support the classification of NLQV1 as a novel quenyavirus. Notably, all of the genome segments of NLRV contained the 5'-terminal sequence AUCUG. The characteristic virus-derived small interfering RNA (vsiRNA) profile of NLQV1 suggests that the antiviral RNAi pathway of the host BPH was activated in response to virus infection. These findings represent the first documented report of quenyaviruses in planthoppers, contributing to our understanding of quenyaviruses and expanding our knowledge of insect-specific viruses in planthoppers.

Single-dose methamphetamine administration impairs ORM retrieval in mice via excessive DA-mediated inhibition of PrLGlu activity.

Methamphetamine (METH), an abused psychostimulant, impairs cognition through prolonged or even single-dose exposure, but animal experiments have shown contradictory effects on memory deficits. In this study we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of single-dose METH administration on the retrieval of object recognition memory (ORM) in mice. We showed that single-dose METH administration (2 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly impaired ORM retrieval in mice. Fiber photometry recording in METH-treated mice revealed that the activity of prelimbic cortex glutamatergic neurons (PrLGlu) was significantly reduced during ORM retrieval. Chemogenetic activation of PrLGlu or glutamatergic projections from ventral CA1 to PrL (vCA1Glu-PrL) rescued ORM retrieval impairment. Fiber photometry recording revealed that dopamine (DA) levels in PrL of METH-treated mice were significantly increased, and micro-infusion of the D2 receptor (D2R) antagonist sulpiride (0.25 µg/side) into PrL rescued ORM retrieval impairment. Whole-cell recordings in brain slices containing the PrL revealed that PrLGlu intrinsic excitability and basal glutamatergic synaptic transmission were significantly reduced in METH-treated mice, and the decrease in intrinsic excitability was reversed by micro-infusion of Sulpiride into PrL in METH-treated mice. Thus, the impaired ORM retrieval caused by single-dose METH administration may be attributed to reduced PrLGlu activity, possibly due to excessive DA activity on D2R. Selective activation of PrLGlu or vCA1Glu-PrL may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for METH-induced cognitive dysfunction.

Advances in metal-organic framework-based nanozymes in ROS scavenging medicine.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in regulating various physiological functions in the human body, however, excessive ROS can cause serious damage to the human body, considering the various limitations of natural enzymes as scavengers of ROS in the body, the development of better materials for the scavenging of ROS is of great significance to the biomedical field, and nanozymes, as a kind of nanomaterials which can show the activity of natural enzymes. Have a good potential for the development in the area of ROS scavenging. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are porous crystalline materials with a periodic network structure composed of metal nodes and organic ligands, have been developed with a variety of active nanozymes including catalase-like, superoxide dismutase-like, and glutathione peroxidase-like enzymes due to the adjustability of active sites, structural diversity, excellent biocompatibility, and they have shown a wide range of applications and prospects. In the present review, we first introduce three representative natural enzymes for ROS scavenging in the human body, methods for the detection of relevant enzyme-like activities and mechanisms of enzyme-like clearance are discussed, meanwhile, we systematically summarize the progress of the research on MOF-based nanozymes, including the design strategy, mechanism of action, and medical application, etc. Finally, the current challenges of MOF-based nanozymes are summarized, and the future development direction is anticipated. We hope that this review can contribute to the research of MOF-based nanozymes in the medical field related to the scavenging of ROS.