Development and validation of an endoplasmic reticulum stress long non-coding RNA signature for the prognosis and immune landscape prediction of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most common histotype of lung cancer, may have variable prognosis due to molecular variations. This work investigated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) to predict the prognosis and immune landscape for LUAD patients. Methods: RNA data and clinical data from 497 LUAD patients were collected in the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Pearson correlation analysis, univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analyses, as well as the Kaplan-Meier method, were used to screen for ERS-related lncRNAs associated with prognosis. The risk score model was developed using multivariate Cox analysis to separate patients into high- and low-risk groups and a nomogram was constructed and evaluated. Finally, we explore the potential functions and compared the immune landscapes of two groups. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to verify the expression of these lncRNAs. Results: Five ERS-related lncRNAs were shown to be strongly linked to patients' prognosis. A risk score model was built by using these lncRNAs to categorize patients based on their median risk scores. For LUAD patients, the model was found to be an independent prognostic predictor (p < 0.001). The signature and clinical variables were then used to construct a nomogram. With 3-year and 5-year OS' AUC of 0.725 and 0.740, respectively, the nomogram's prediction performance is excellent. The 5-lncRNA signature was associated with DNA replication, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and the pathway of cell cycle, P53 signaling. Between the two risk groups, immune responses, immune cells, and immunological checkpoints were found to be considerably different. Conclusion: Overall, our findings indicate that the 5 ERS-related lncRNA signature was an excellent prognostic indicator and helped to predict the immunotherapy response for patients with LUAD.

Producing beef flavors in hydrolyzed soybean meal-based Maillard reaction products participated with beef tallow hydrolysates.

This work investigated the effect of oxidized beef tallow on the volatile compositions and sensory properties of soybean meal-based Maillard reaction products (MRPs). Various tallow oxidation methods included thermal treatment (TT), enzymatic hydrolysis (ET) and enzymatic hydrolysis combined with mild thermal (ETT) treatment. Results showed that all these oxidized tallow contained more types of volatile compounds than those of untreated tallow. Moreover, the composition of almost all types of volatile substances was greatly increased with the addition of the oxidized beef tallow into the hydrolyzed soybean meal-based Maillard reaction system. More importantly, the composition of oxygen-containing heterocycles (63.89 µg/mL), sulfur-containing compounds (76.64 µg/mL), and nitrogen-containing heterocycles (19.81 µg/mL) that contribute positively to sensory properties in ETT-MRPs was found to be the highest among all the MRPs. Correlation assessment revealed that ETT was closely related to the most typical volatile products and sensory attributes, indicating this approach can effectively enhance the sensory and flavor of hydrolyzed soybean meal derived MRPs.

Identification of a novel lncRNA GABPB1-IT1 that is downregulated and predicts a poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve important roles in diverse biological processes. However, the molecular function and prognostic value of the majority of lncRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unknown. The present study investigated the expression of the lncRNA GABPB1 intronic transcript (GABPB1-IT1) in NSCLC tissues using publicly available databases. Subsequently, protein-protein interaction (PPI) and co-expression networks were constructed to identify key targets of lncRNA GABPB1-IT1. Furthermore, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed to investigate the potential roles of lncRNA GABPB1-IT1. The current study identified that the expression of GABPB1-IT1 was significantly downregulated in NSCLC samples compared with normal samples. Furthermore, the expression levels of GABPB1-IT1 were lower in high grade NSCLC samples compared with low grade NSCLC samples. Additionally, overexpression of GABPB1-IT1 in cancer samples was associated with improved survival of patients with NSCLC. GABPB1-IT1 was revealed to be involved in the regulation of cell cycle-associated biological processes, including sister chromatid cohesion, mitotic nuclear division, DNA replication, chromosome segregation, G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle, mitotic cytokinesis and cell division. Finally, a GABPB1-IT1-associated protein-protein interaction network was constructed for NSCLC. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to demonstrate that GABPB1-IT1 is associated with the prognosis of NSCLC. The current study provides useful information to assist with the investigation of potential candidate biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and drug targets for NSCLC.