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BACKGROUND: Previous meta-analyses have investigated the efficacy of lipid-lowering therapies for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; however, few have focused on patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This meta-analysis aimed to compare the benefits of intensive lipid-lowering therapy with those of background statin therapy in patients with ACS. METHODS: Searches were performed on PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for articles published until April 13, 2023. Randomized controlled trials that compared intensive lipid-lowering therapies and background statin therapies in patients with prior ACS and recorded the outcome of three-point major cardiovascular events (MACE) were included. The risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as a measure of primary and secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Nine trials involving 38,640 patients with ACS were identified. Pooled results suggested that intensive lipid-lowering therapies are associated with a reduction in the risk of three-point MACE (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83-0.94; p < 0.001), recurrent ACS (RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71-0.96; p = 0.013), nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.81-0.93; p < 0.001), stroke (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73-0.94; p = 0.003), and unstable angina-related hospitalization (RR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.33-0.99; p = 0.046), but not all-cause mortality (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.82-1.07; p = 0.329), cardiovascular disease-related mortality (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.88-1.06; p = 0.457) or coronary revascularization (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.79-1.00; p = 0.057). CONCLUSIONS: Intensive lipid-lowering therapies may reduce the risk of three-point MACE, recurrent ACS, nonfatal MI, stroke, and hospitalization for unstable angina in patients with ACS undergoing background statin therapy. These results may assist in clinical decision-making for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events to initiate intensive lipid-lowering therapies immediately after ACS.
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Síndrome Coronario Agudo , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas , Síndrome Coronario Agudo/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome Coronario Agudo/mortalidad , Humanos , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/administración & dosificación , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapéutico , Hipolipemiantes/administración & dosificación , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología , Infarto del Miocardio/prevención & control , Resultado del Tratamiento , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/prevención & control , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
We first established percentile reference curves for infant length and head circumference in Hainan Province based on gender and age in months and compared them with the 2022 national standards and World Health Organization (WHO) standards. This cross-sectional survey involved 2736 infants (1471 boys and 1265 girls) in 18 cities and counties in Hainan Province. Standardized instruments were used to measure head circumference and length. Reference values for Hainan infants' length and head circumference were determined using the LMS method. Curves were generated using the LMS Chart Maker software. According to the newly established reference curves, the length and head circumference of Hainan infants exhibited a consistent trend of steady growth. However, the average head circumference was below the 2022 national reference values and WHO standards. The mean length was lower than the new national reference values but roughly consistent with the WHO standards. Differences exist in infant length and head circumference in Hainan compared to national and global averages. To enhance infant length and head circumference growth, the health department should encourage exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months, ensure infants' sleep needs at night, and promote the regularity of vitamin D supplementation during the perinatal period.
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Estatura , Cabeza , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Femenino , China , Recién Nacido , Valores de Referencia , Estudios Transversales , Cabeza/anatomía & histología , Cefalometría , Gráficos de Crecimiento , Organización Mundial de la SaludRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the association of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the results of newborn hearing screening(NHS). METHODS: A nested case-control study was conducted in a cohort of newborns who were born between June 2021 to December 2021 and underwent neonatal hearing screening.GDM was diagnosed according to the 75 g 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-28 gestational weeks.A total of 369 pregnant women at the same hospital were individually matched in a 1:2 ratio by maternal age (±2 years), gestational age (±3 days) and sex of newborn.Chi-square test was utilized to evaluate associations between GDM and the results of NHS. RESULTS: Abnormal NHS results in the GDM group was more frequent than non-GDM group.When comparing the two groups (GDM case and contol), we found significant differences (p < 0.05) between them.Whereas the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) by delivery modes in both case and control groups. CONCLUSION: Maternal history of GDM could lead to significantly higher failling rate of NHS.
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PURPOSE: To assess whether the integration of PD-1 inhibitor with total neoadjuvant therapy (iTNT) can lead to an improvement in complete responses (CRs) and favors a watch-and-wait (WW) strategy in patients with proficient mismatch repair or microsatellite stable (pMMR/MSS) locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase II trial using a pick-the-winner design. Eligible patients with clinical T3-4 and/or N+ rectal adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned to group A for short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) followed by six cycles of consolidation immunochemotherapy with capecitabine and oxaliplatin and toripalimab or to group B for two cycles of induction immunochemotherapy followed by SCRT and the rest four doses. Either total mesorectal excision or WW was applied on the basis of tumor response. The primary end point was CR which included pathological CR (pCR) after surgery and clinical CR (cCR) if WW was applicable, with hypothesis of an increased CR of 40% after iTNT compared with historical data of 25% after conventional TNT. RESULTS: Of the 130 patients enrolled, 121 pMMR/MSS patients were evaluable (62 in group A and 59 in group B). At a median follow-up of 19 months, CR was achieved at 56.5% in group A and 54.2% in group B. Both groups fulfilled the predefined statistical hypothesis (P < .001). Both groups reported a pCR rate of 50%. Respectively, 15 patients in each group underwent WW and remained disease free. The most frequent grade 3 to 4 toxicities were thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Patients in group A had higher rate of cCR (43.5% v 35.6%) at restaging and lower rate of grade 3 to 4 thrombocytopenia (24.2% v 33.9%) during neoadjuvant treatment. CONCLUSION: The iTNT regimens remarkably improved CR rates in pMMR/MSS LARC compared with historical benchmark with acceptable toxicity. Up-front SCRT followed by immunochemotherapy was selected for future definitive study.
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Green design involves the entire life cycle of a product, including stages such as raw material acquisition, production and manufacturing, sales and transportation, use, recycling, and disposal. Extracting customer requirements (CRs) related to product green design (PGD) is one of the necessary conditions for achieving the dual carbon goal. However, only a few studies have evaluated CRs for PGD from a full life cycle perspective. This study obtained 20,000 online reviews of washing machines from e-commerce platforms. The customers' sentiment tendencies toward the requirements of washing machines at various stages of their life cycle are analyzed and evaluated. The CRs contained in online washing machine reviews were identified through cluster analysis. Based on the life cycle theory, the product green design requirements (PGDRs) of CRs were extracted and analyzed. This study can provide theoretical and methodological support for green product design.
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BACKGROUND: Despite previous studies suggesting that developmental care can provide benign stimulation to promote neural development of newborns, more evidence is needed regarding the other clinical benefits of developmental care. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of implementing developmental care on the length of hospital stay, the improvement of care practice in neonatal intensive care units, as well as the short-term outcome of very low birth weight infants. DESIGN: Cluster-randomized controlled trial. SETTING(S) AND PARTICIPANTS: From March 1, 2021 to March 1, 2022, 1400 very low birth weight infants were recruited from 14 tertiary neonatal intensive care units in China. METHODS: We assigned 14 neonatal intensive care units to either developmental care or standard care. The length of hospital stay of the infants was the primary outcome analyzed at the individual level. Secondary outcomes were family centered care practice including parental involvement, the skin to skin care, exclusive breast milk, oral immune therapy and breastfeeding. The environmental management (noise and light) and the short-term outcomes were also evaluated. RESULTS: The length of hospital stay for the developmental care group was 65â¯% as long as that for the control group (HR: 0.65, 95â¯% CI, 0.451-0936, pâ¯=â¯0.021). After controlling the covariables, the adjusted HRâ¯=â¯0.755 (95â¯% CI, 0.515 to 1.107, pâ¯=â¯0.150). When compared to the control group, the developmental care group had greater access to SSC, with 22 infants (3.8â¯%) in the developmental care group compared to 13 infants (1.7â¯%) in the standard care group (pâ¯=â¯0.013). A greater proportion of infants in the developmental care group were fed at the breast, than those in the standard care group (136 [23.6â¯%] vs 9 [1.1â¯%]; pâ¯=â¯0.029). Compared to the control group, exclusively breast milk was significantly more favorable in the developmental care group (435 [75.6â¯%] vs 114 [15.0â¯%]; pâ¯=â¯0.001). The difference remained significant even after adjusting for covariates. However, the rate of oral immune therapy and parental involvement was similar in the two groups. The average noise and light levels in the developmental care group were significantly lower than those in the standard care group. After adjusting for confounders, the difference remained significant. There were no significant differences among groups in the mortality and major morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Developmental care might have developed an accumulated effect over time on the length of hospital stay among very low birth weight infants. The implementation of developmental care can greatly improve family centered care practices and the neonatal intensive care unit environment. REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.govNCT05166720. Registration date: 1 March, 2021.
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Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal , Tiempo de Internación , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Femenino , Masculino , China , Análisis por ConglomeradosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The association of genital Mollicutes infection transition with adverse pregnancy outcomes was insignificant among general pregnant women, but there remains a paucity of evidence linking this relationship in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) women. The aim was to investigate the association between genital Mollicutes infection and transition and adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM women, and to explore whether this association still exist when Mollicutes load varied. METHODS: We involved pregnant women who attended antenatal care in Chongqing, China. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, we conducted a single-center cohort study of 432 GDM women with pregnancy outcomes from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021. The main outcome was adverse pregnancy outcomes, including premature rupture of membrane (PROM), fetal distress, macrosomia and others. The exposure was Mollicutes infection, including Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) and Mycoplasma hominis (Mh) collected in both the second and the third trimesters, and testing with polymerase chain reaction method. The logistic regression models were used to estimate the relationship between Mollicutes infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: Among 432 GDM women, 241 (55.79%) were infected with genital Mollicutes in either the second or third trimester of pregnancy. At the end of the pregnancy follow-up, 158 (36.57%) participants had adverse pregnancy outcomes, in which PROM, fetal distress and macrosomia were the most commonly observed adverse outcomes. Compared with the uninfected group, the Mollicutes (+/-) group showed no statistical significant increase in PROM (OR = 1.05, 95% CI:0.51 â¼ 2.08) and fetal distress (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.31 â¼ 3.91). Among the 77 participants who were both Uu positive in the second and third trimesters, 38 participants presented a declined Uu load and 39 presented an increased Uu load. The Uu increased group had a 2.95 odds ratio (95% CI: 1.10~8.44) for adverse pregnancy outcomes. CONCLUSION: Mollicutes infection and transition during trimesters were not statistically associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM women. However, among those consistent infections, women with increasing Uu loads showed increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes. For GDM women with certain Mollicutes infection and colonization status, quantitative screening for vaginal infection at different weeks of pregnancy was recommended to provide personalized fertility treatment.
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Diabetes Gestacional , Tenericutes , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Resultado del Embarazo/epidemiología , Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Tercer Trimestre del Embarazo , Macrosomía Fetal/etiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Prospectivos , Sufrimiento Fetal , Aumento de Peso , GenitalesRESUMEN
Objectives: Abdominal obesity is recognized as a significant determinant of Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), with sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) being considered a more precise indicator of visceral fat. Nevertheless, the association between SAD and ASCVD remains unexplored in large-scale general-population studies. Methods: The study included 11,211 participants aged 20 to 80 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate the association between the SAD-to-height ratio (SADHtR) and ASCVD. Subgroup analyses based on age categories, sex, diabetes, and hypertension were conducted to assess result robustness. Results: The median SADHtR value was 0.13 (0.12-0.15), and 1,006 cases (7.46 %) of ASCVD were recorded. Multivariable models showed that each standard deviation increase in SADHtR was positively associated with higher odds of ASCVD (OR 1.48, 95 % CI 1.36-1.62 in model 1; OR 1.41, 95 % CI 1.28-1.54 in model 2; OR 1.18, 95 % CI 1.08-1.30 in model 3). Comparing the first quartile of SADHtR to the second to fourth quartiles, positive associations with ASCVD were observed in models 1 and 2. However, in model 3, only the fourth quartile of SADHtR remained statistically significant (OR 1.58, 95 % CI 1.17-2.15), with all p-values for the trend being less than 0.05. No interactions were found in the subgroup analyses. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a positive association between SADHtR and ASCVD in the general adult population of the United States. Our findings indicate that SADHtR, especially when ≥ 0.155, could be a valuable metric for assessing the risk of ASCVD.
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BACKGROUND: Currently, awareness about platelet count (PC) and its consequences for perinatal outcome have increased, but there is little reliable evidence on fecundability. METHODS: Based on the National Free Pre-conception Check-up Projects supported by the Chinese government, 5,524,886 couples met the inclusion criteria were included in this cohort study. Cox regression models were adopted to estimate fecundability ratios (FRs) and their 95% confidence intervals for pre-pregnancy PC quintiles. Restricted cubic splines were used to flexibly model and visualize the relationship of PC with FRs. Microsoft SQL server and R software were used for data management and analysis. RESULTS: The median of pre-pregnancy PC among women was 221.00×109/L. The first (<177.00 ×109/L) and second quintile (177.00-207.99 ×109/L) of PC showed slightly increased fecundability (Q1: adjusted FR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06; Q2: adjusted FR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03-1.05), while higher quintals (Q4: 236.00-271.99 ×109/L; Q5: ≥272.00 ×109/L) were related to reduction of fecundability, when compared with the third quintile of PC (208.00-235.99 ×109/L) (Q4: adjusted FR 0.96, 95% CI 0.95-0.97; Q5: adjusted FR 0.88, 95% CI 0.87-0.89). In the first quintiles (<177.00×109/L), only 20.93% women had PC below 129.94×109/L. An inverse-U shape association was consistently observed among women such that the lower PC of normal range (<118.03×109/L) and higher PC (>223.06×109/L) were associated with the risk of reduced female fecundability (P for non-linearity < 0.01). CONCLUSION: PC is associated with female fecundability. Further classification of PC levels may deepen our understanding of the early warnings and significance of female fecundability.
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The electronic structure of halide perovskites is central to their carrier dynamics, enabling the excellent optoelectronic performance. However, the experimentally resolved transient absorption spectra exhibit large discrepancies from the commonly computed electronic structure by density functional theory. Using pseudocubic CsPbI3 as a prototype example, here, it is unveiled with both ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and transmission electron microscopy that there exists pronounced dynamical lattice distortion in the form of disordered instantaneous octahedral tilting. Rigorous first-principles calculations reveal that the lattice distortion substantially alters the electronic band structure through renormalizing the band dispersions and the interband transition energies. Most notably, the electron and hole effective masses increase by 65% and 88%, respectively; the transition energy between the two highest valence bands decreases by about one half, agreeing remarkably well with supercontinuum transient-absorption measurements. This study further demonstrates how the resulting electronic structure modulates various aspects of the carrier dynamics such as carrier transport, hot-carrier relaxation, Auger recombination, and carrier multiplication in halide perovskites. The insights provide a pathway to engineer carrier transport and relaxation via lattice distortion, enabling the promise to achieve ultrahigh-efficiency photovoltaic devices.
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Objective: This paper explores the drug resistance, genome and proteome expression characteristics of Salmonella from a food poisoning event. Methods: A multidrug-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis strain, labeled as 27A, was isolated and identified from a food poisoning patient. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing determined the resistance of 27A strain to 14 antibiotics. Then, WGS analysis and comparative genomics analysis were performed on 27A, and the functional annotation of resistance genes, virulence genes were performed based on VFDB, ARDB, COG, CARD, GO, KEGG, and CAZY databases. Meanwhile, based on iTRAQ technology, quantitative proteomic analysis was conducted on 27A to analyze the functions and interactions of differentially expressed proteins related to bacterial resistance and pathogenicity. Results: Strain 27A belonged to ST11 S. Enteritidis and was resistant to levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, piperacillin, and ampicillin/sulbactam. There were 33 drug resistance genes, 384 virulence genes and 2 plasmid replicon, IncFIB(S) and IncFII(S), annotated by WGS. Proteomic analysis revealed significant changes in virulence and drug proteins, which were mainly involved in bacterial pathogenicity and metabolic processes. PPI prediction showed the relationship between virulence proteins and T3SS proteins, and PagN cooperated with proteins related to T3SS to jointly mediate the invasion of 27A strain on the human body. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that S. Enteritidis has potential transmission in humans, food, and animals. Conclusion: This study comprehensively analyzed the drug resistance and virulence phenotypes of S. Enteritidis 27A using genomic and proteomic approaches. These helps reveal the drug resistance and virulence mechanisms of S. Enteritidis, and provides important information for the source tracing and the prevention of related diseases, which lays a foundation for research on food safety, public health monitoring, and the drug resistance and pathogenicity of S. Enteritidis.
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Combination strategies to improve immunotherapy response in microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer (MSS mCRC) remain an unmet need. Several single-arm clinical trials have shown promising synergistic effects between regorafenib and ICIs; however, some contradictory results have also been reported. Randomized controlled trials are needed to further validate the combination of regorafenib with ICIs. In addition, low-dose radiotherapy has been demonstrated to induce local immune responses by reprogramming the tumor microenvironment when combined with high-dose radiotherapy and ICIs. In this study, we designed a prospective, randomized, controlled phase II trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of regorafenib in combination with high/low-dose radiotherapy plus toripalimab in MSS mCRC compared to regorafenib alone. Patients with MSS metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum will be enrolled and randomly assigned into two arms: a control arm and an experimental arm. Patients in the control arm will receive regorafenib monotherapy (120 mg once daily on days 1-21 of each 28 days cycle). Patients in the experimental arm will first receive one cycle of regorafenib (80 mg once daily on days 1-21 of each 28 days cycle) and toripalimab (240mg, q3w), followed by high-dose (4-8 fractions of 8-12Gy) and low-dose (1-10Gy at 0.5-2Gy/fraction) radiotherapy, and then continue regorafenib and toripalimab treatment. The primary endpoint is the objective response rate, and the secondary endpoints are disease control rate, duration of remission, median progress-free survival, median overall survival, and adverse events. Recruitment started in August 2023 and is ongoing. Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05963490?cond=NCT05963490&rank=1, identifier NCT05963490.
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As the major public health problem among under-5 children in the world, neonatal asphyxia (NA) contributes to 24% of the main causes of neonatal death. The effects of NA is not only limited to death but also has a long-term brain injury with lifelong adverse effects. Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify determinants of NA among newborns in the tropical province of China to guide early interventions and improve the survival and quality of life of these infants. A case control study was conducted at Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center from January 1 to December 31, 2021. A total of 255 newborns (85 cases and 170 controls, 1:2 case to control ratio) were enrolled in the study. A systematic random sampling approach was adopted based on hospital delivery registration. Structured questionnaires were used to collected data. The data was entered into statistical software SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. In the bivariable analysis, variables with P values less than .1 were entered into multivariable logistic regression analysis. At a P value of .05, a statistically significant level was reported. Amniotic fluid stained by meconium/blood (AORâ =â 3.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47-6.95), primiparity, fetal presentation of malpresentation (AORâ =â 3.89, 95% CI: 1.25-12.09), and low birth weight (AORâ =â 10.51, 95% CI: 3.02-36.55) were to be significantly associated with NA. This study identified that amniotic fluid stained by meconium/blood, primiparity, low birth weight were determinants of NA. Thus, preventive solutions such as close monitoring of fetus presentation, meliorating the obstetric care setup during antenatal care consultations should be stressed in China.
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Asfixia Neonatal , Asfixia , Recién Nacido , Niño , Lactante , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Calidad de Vida , Asfixia Neonatal/epidemiología , China/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
IMPORTANCE: The association of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with reduced fecundability among reproductive-aged couples lacks large-population, in-depth study evidence. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of HBV infection with time to pregnancy in couples planning pregnancy, and to explore whether this association varied by gravidity, health statuses, or lifestyles. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This is a population-based cohort study of Chinese couples participating in the National Free Preconception Check-up Projects during 2015 to 2017. They were planning pregnancy and were followed-up every 3 months until getting pregnant, as confirmed by gynecologic ultrasonography, or were followed-up for 1 year. Data were analyzed between March 1, 2022, and September 30, 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The main outcome was time to pregnancy, assessed using fecundability hazard ratios (HRs). The Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association of HBV infection with fecundability. RESULTS: Among 2â¯419â¯848 couples (mean [SD] age, 27.87 [5.20] years for women and 29.58 [5.50] years for men), 126â¯728 women (5.24%) and 156â¯572 men (6.47%) were infected with HBV. Compared with the HBV-negative group, the fecundability of both women and men in the HBV-positive group decreased by 5% (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.94-0.95). Compared with couples in which both partners were HBV negative, the fecundability of those in which both partners were HBV positive declined by 6% (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.93-0.96) among all couples, by 3% (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99) among nulligravidas couples, and by 7% (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.91-0.95) among multigravidas couples. Both the female-male and couple models suggested that the association of HBV infection with decreased fecundability was more pronounced in couples with multigravidas. The negative association was greater in people with overweight and obesity and was inconsistent in certain subgroups; in particular, it was more pronounced in women with reproductive tract infections, normal fasting plasma glucose, and no alcohol intake and in men with normal blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this population-based cohort study, HBV infection was associated with decreased fecundability in a general reproductive-aged population, especially in couples with multigravidas. For women and men with certain health statuses and lifestyles, a comprehensive consideration of this association is recommended to provide personalized fertility guidance.
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Virus de la Hepatitis B , Hepatitis B , Embarazo , Femenino , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , Fertilidad , Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Consumo de Bebidas AlcohólicasRESUMEN
Tanshinone IIA (TSA), an active component isolated from Danshen, possess high medicinal values against atherosclerosis by reducing vascular oxidative stress, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and protecting the endothelium from damage. The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) has been proven to accelerate the development of atherosclerosis. We aim to determine the effects of TSA on P. gingivalis-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. After feeding with a high-lipid diet and infected with P. gingivalis three times per week for four weeks, TSA-treated (60 mg/kg/d) mice greatly inhibited atherosclerotic lesions both morphologically and biochemically and exhibited significantly reduction ROS, 8-OHdG, and ox-LDL levels in serum compared with P. gingivalis-infected mice. Additionally, TSA-treated mice were observed a marked reduction of ROS, 8-OHdG and ox-LDL in the serum, mRNA levels of COX-2, LOX-1, NOX2 and NOX4 in the aorta, as well as the levels of NOX2, NOX4, and NF-κB. These results suggest that TSA attenuates oxidative stress by decreasing NOX2 and NOX4 and downregulating NF-κB signaling pathway, which might be contributed to the amelioration of atherosclerosis.
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Aterosclerosis , FN-kappa B , Animales , Ratones , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Porphyromonas gingivalis/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Abajo , Transducción de Señal , Aterosclerosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Aterosclerosis/patología , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Apolipoproteínas E/metabolismo , Apolipoproteínas E/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The organic molecules in hybrid perovskites can easily rotate within the inorganic lattice at room temperature, leading to a crystal-liquid duality. The liquid-like behavior of the organic molecules is commonly believed to play a critical role in the dynamical stability, but the microscopic mechanism remains unclear. Furthermore, the presence of dynamically rotating molecules raises concerns regarding the reliability of assessing the stability of hybrid perovskites based on simple yet commonly used descriptors such as the Goldschmidt tolerance factor. Here we assess the finite-temperature phonons of hybrid perovskites by mapping ab initio molecular dynamics configurations onto an equivalent dynamical pseudo-inorganic lattice and extracting the effective force constants. We find that as compared to the formamidinium or cesium cations, stronger anisotropy and wider range of the thermal motion of the methylammonium molecule are essential for enhancing the dynamical stability of hybrid perovskites. The cation radius that determines the tolerance factor is, in fact, less important. This work not only enables a pathway to further improve the stability of hybrid perovskites, but also provides a general scheme to assess the stability of hybrid materials with dynamical disorder.
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The results of association between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and gout are not consistent. Participants aged 20 years or older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2008 and 2015-2018 were included. Weighted univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to evaluate the association between OSA symptoms and gout. The subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Among the 15,947 participants in this study, the mean age was 47.8 years old, 48.87% of whom were male, 4891 had OSA symptoms, and 842 had gout. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, OSA symptoms were positively associated with gout in all models. The odds ratio (OR) was 1.315 and 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.070-1.616 in fully adjusted model 4. In the subgroup analyses, we found a considerable interaction between OSA symptoms and gender with gout (P for interaction = 0.003). In the sensitivity analyses, the association between OSA symptoms and gout remained stable after adjustment for congestive heart failure and diuretics using. OSA symptoms were associated with an increased likelihood of gout. This association could especially be found in female participants.
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Gota , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas Nutricionales , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/complicaciones , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/epidemiología , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/diagnóstico , Gota/complicaciones , Gota/epidemiología , Modelos Logísticos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
In this study, we investigated the role of ferroptosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the leading cause of renal cancer-related death. We analyzed single-cell data from seven ccRCC cases to determine cell types most correlated with ferroptosis and performed pseudotime analysis on three myeloid subtypes. We identified 16 immune-related ferroptosis genes (IRFGs) by analyzing differentially expressed genes between cell subgroups and between high and low immune infiltration groups in the TCGA-KIRC dataset and the FerrDb V2 database. Using univariate and multivariate Cox regression, we identified two independent prognostic genes, AMN and PDK4, and constructed an IRFG score model immune-related ferroptosis genes risk score (IRFGRs) to evaluate its prognostic value in ccRCC. The IRFGRs demonstrated excellent and stable performance for predicting ccRCC patient survival in both the TCGA training set and the ArrayExpress validation set, with an AUC range of 0.690-0.754, outperforming other commonly used clinicopathological indicators. Our findings enhance the understanding of TME infiltration with ferroptosis and identify immune-mediated ferroptosis genes associated with prognosis in ccRCC.
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Carcinoma de Células Renales , Carcinoma , Ferroptosis , Neoplasias Renales , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Renales/genética , Ferroptosis/genética , Análisis de Expresión Génica de una Sola Célula , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Neoplasias Renales/genéticaRESUMEN
Acousto-optic interaction geometry determines the spectral and spatial response of an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF). The precise calibration of the acousto-optic interaction geometry of the device is a necessary process before designing and optimizing optical systems. In this paper, we develop a novel calibration method based on the polar angular performance of an AOTF. A commercial AOTF device with unknown geometry parameters was experimentally calibrated. The experimental results show high precision, in some cases falling within 0.01°. In addition, we analyzed the parameter sensitivity and Monte Carlo tolerance of the calibration method. The results of the parameter sensitivity analysis show that the principal refractive index has a large influence on the calibration results, while other factors have little influence. The results of the Monte Carlo tolerance analysis show that the probability of the results falling 0.1° using this method is greater than 99.7%. This work provides an accurate and easy-to-perform method for AOTF crystal calibration and can contribute to the characteristic analysis of AOTFs and the optical design of spectral imaging systems.
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an important risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is regarded as one of the main microvascular complications of diabetes. But the association of NAFLD with PN is still unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between NAFLD and PN in US population by conducting a cross-sectional study. We enrolled 3029 participants aged 40-85 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004. NAFLD was defined as a US Fatty Liver Index (FLI) score ≥ 30, and PN was defined as having one or more insensate areas on either foot. Participants were divided into two groups (with or without PN). We performed multivariate logistic regression models to evaluate the association between NAFLD and PN. Subgroup analyses were used to find out whether the association was stable in different stratified groups. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the results. All the analyses were weighted. Among the individuals, 524 (17.3%) had PN and 1250 (41.27%) had NAFLD. In the multivariate logistic regression models, NAFLD was associated with an increased risk of PN (OR 1.44 [1.03 ~ 2.02]) after fully adjusting for covariates. In the subgroup analyses, NAFLD was significantly associated with PN in the age group (40-64 years), compared with those in the age group (65-85 years), (P for interaction: 0.004). The results of association of NAFLD with PN were stable in sensitivity analyses. In this cross-sectional study among US adults aged 40-85 years old, NAFLD was associated with an increased likelihood of prevalent PN.