Examination of diaphragm thickness, mobility and thickening fraction in individuals with COPD of different severity.

BACKGROUND: Diaphragm thickness and mobility assessed by ultrasound in individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) reflect the function of the diaphragm. The aim of this study is to compare the diaphragm thickness, mobility, and thickening fraction in individuals with COPD of different severity and healthy individuals and examine the relationship between these parameters and pulmonary function test parameters. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study design was used. Thirty individuals (mild = 11; moderate = 13; severe = 6) with COPD and 29 healthy male individuals aged between 40-75 years were included in the study. The individuals included in the study were evaluated between October 2020/May 2021. Pulmonary functions were measured with a spirometer, while diaphragm thickness, mobility, and thickening fraction were measured by ultrasound. RESULTS: The right and left diaphragm thickness, mobility, thickness variation, thickening fraction, and mobility were lower in individuals with COPD than in healthy individuals (p < 0.05). The left Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) diaphragm thickness, right Total Lung Capacity (TLC), and FRC diaphragm thickness were higher in mild COPD than moderate COPD and moderate COPD than severe COPD (p < 0.05). The right diaphragmatic thickening fraction and rate were higher in mild COPD than in moderate and severe COPD (p < 0.05). The left mobility was lower in severe COPD than in mild COPD (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: Diaphragm ultrasound parameters decrease as disease severity increases in individuals with COPD. We think that adding diaphragm ultrasound parameters together with pulmonary function test to the evaluation of individuals with COPD will provide additional contributions to determining the course of the disease.

PLANTAR SENSATION AND BALANCE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH AND WITHOUT PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of diabetes on plantar sense and balance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study included 300 subjects divided into three groups: 100 T2DM patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (group 1); 100 T2DM patients without peripheral neuropathy (group 2); and 100 subjects without DM (group 3). Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), single leg test with eyes open and closed, and plantar sensory tests were applied in the subjects. Study results showed significant differences in plantar sensory tests, BBS, TUG and single leg test among the three groups (p<0.05). In addition, duration of DM and medication were negatively correlated with single leg test both with eyes open and closed, but showed positive correlation with plantar sense and TUG test. Furthermore, the length of insulin therapy showed positive correlation with plantar sense and TUG test and negative correlation with BBS (p<0.05). In conclusion, DM has an effect on plantar sense and balance, and there is a relation between the duration of DM and balance problems. Balance problems are observed more often in patients with neuropathy.

Validation of the Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD) in a sample of Turkish non-ambulatory children with cerebral palsy.

AIM: The aim of this study was to translate and transculturally adapt the Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities questionnaire into the Turkish language and test the reliability and validity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty-two children with cerebral palsy and their parents were included in the study. The majority of children had spastic cerebral palsy. According to the Gross Motor Function Classification System, 26 children were level III, 30 children were level IV, and 26 children were level V. International accepted guidelines were used in the transcultural adaptation and validation process. Reliability was assessed through statistical analysis of the test results for test-retest and internal consistency. To assess construct validity, Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities was compared with the Child Health Questionnaire Parent Form. Concurrent validity was assessed by examining how Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities scores changed according to Gross Motor Function Classification System levels. RESULTS: The mean total score of Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities was 58.34±26.39. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the total questionnaire score was 0.75, ranging from 0.43 to 0.89 for six domains. Cronbach's alpha was above 0.80 in all domains of Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities, except the health domain. The construct validity was good because there was a positive correlation between total Child Health Questionnaire Parent Form and Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities scores (r=0.58, p<0.01) according to the Pearson correlation analysis. Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities scores were found to be different between Gross Motor Function Classification System levels (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed that the Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities appears to be easy to administer, seems to have significant validity and reliability, and may be useful in the evaluation of health-related quality of life of children with cerebral palsy.

AMAÇ: Bu çalismanin amaci, Bakim Veren Öncelikleri ve Engelli Çocuk Yasam Saglik Endeksi anketinin Türkçe'ye uyarlanmasi, geçerlilik ve güvenirliligini çalismaktir. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEMLER: Çalismaya 82 beyin felçli çocuk ve ailesi alindi. Ayrica çalismaya alinan çocuklarin büyük çogunlugu spastik tip beyin felci olup, 26'si Kaba Motor Fonksiyon Siniflama Sistemi'ne göre seviye III, 30'u seviye IV ve 26'si seviye V idi. Öncelikle, Bakim Veren Öncelikleri ve Engelli Çocuk Yasam Saglik Endeksi'nin çeviri ve geri çeviri islemi gerçeklestirildi. Güvenirlik, test-tekrar test ve iç tutarlilik ile degerlendirildi. Yapi geçerliligi, Çocuk Sagligi Ebeveyn Formu ile degerlendirildi. Eszamanli geçerlilik ise çocuklarin Kaba Motor Fonksiyon Siniflama Sistemi seviyeleriyle, engelli çocuk yasam saglik endeksi skorlarinin nasil degistigine bakilarak degerlendirildi. BULGULAR: Bakim Veren Öncelikleri ve Engelli Çocuk Yasam Saglik Endeksi için ortalama toplam skor 58,34±26,39 olarak belirlendi. Ölçegin iç tutarlilik degeri her 6 alt ölçüm için 0,43 ile 0,89 arasinda degisen degerlerde olup, toplam skor için 0,75 olarak saptandi. Cronbach alpha degeri saglik alt basligi hariç bütün alt ölçümlerde 0,80 degerinin üstünde bulundu. Yapi geçerliligi için yapilan Pearson korelasyon çözümlemesine göre Çocuk Sagligi Ebeveyn Formu ile Bakim Veren Öncelikleri ve Engelli Çocuk Yasam Saglik Endeksi arasinda pozitif yönde bir iliski bulundu (r=0,58, p<0,01). Bakim Veren Öncelikleri ve Engelli Çocuk Yasam Saglik Endeksi skorlari Kaba Motor Fonksiyon Siniflama Sistemi seviyeleri arasinda farkli bulundu (p<0,05). ÇIKARIMLAR: Bu çalisma, Bakim Veren Öncelikleri ve Engelli Çocuk Yasam Saglik Ölçegi'nin beyin felçli çocuklarda saglikla iliskili yasam kalitesinin degerlendirilmesinde önemli derecede yararli oldugunu, ölçegin oldukça yüksek geçerlilik ve güvenirlige sahip oldugunu göstermistir.

The effect of age and body mass index on plantar cutaneous sensation in healthy women.

[Purpose] This study was conducted to examine the effects of age and body mass index on plantar cutaneous sensation in healthy women. [Subjects and Methods] Two hundred and three healthy female volunteers over the age of 20 were included in the study. The statistical analyses were performed by considering the age and body mass index values of the individuals. The individuals were divided according to their ages and body mass index values. Foot pain was measured with a visual analogue scale and plantar cutaneous sensation using Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments. [Results] Fifty-six (27.5%) of the participants had normal weights, 67 (33%) were overweight, and 80 (39%) were obese. Statistical analysis revealed that as age and body mass index values increased, plantar sensitivity decreased and the frequency and severity of pain increased. [Conclusion] It is possible that healthy women may experience a decrease in foot plantar sensation with increasing weight and age. If women do not have any health problems, proprioception and sensory training must be focused on in order to prevent balance and falling problems.

Short term effects of classic massage compared to connective tissue massage on pressure pain threshold and muscle relaxation response in women with chronic neck pain: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of classic massage (CM) and connective tissue massage (CTM) on pressure pain threshold and muscle relaxation response in women with chronic neck pain. METHODS: Participants included 45 female volunteers (ages between 25 and 45 years) presenting to the Köroglu State Hospital Neurosurgery Polyclinic who had experienced neck pain for 3 to 6 months. The volunteers were randomly assigned to 2 groups (CM or CTM to the thoracic spine and the neck). Each treatment was carried out for 1 session. Outcome measures were obtained before and after treatment, which included pressure pain threshold that was measured with an algometer and muscle relaxation response that was evaluated with electromyography biofeedback (EMG-BF). RESULTS: Pressure pain threshold of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was significantly different for the CM (P < .05) group. The EMG-BF values were significantly different for the CTM group (P < .05). Comparing the results of CM and CTM, EMG-BF averages favored the CTM group (P < .05). CONCLUSION: For the group of women with chronic neck pain that were included in this study, 1 treatment of CTM demonstrated relaxation responses and 1 treatment of CM demonstrated pain reduction.

The relationship between physical, functional capacity and quality of life (QoL) among elderly people with a chronic disease.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between physical and functional capacity and quality of life (QoL) among elderly people who have a chronic disease. The study included 100 elderly individuals aged 65 years and older, who have a chronic disease. The study examined the marital and educational status, social security status, kind of chronic disease, number of chronic diseases and whether participants use assistive devices for walking. The Nottingham health profile (NHP) was used to evaluate QoL related to health; the physical mobility scale (PMS) was used to evaluate mobility in daily life and the functional independent measure (FIM) was used to evaluate functional independence in daily activities. In both female and male individuals, a statistically significant difference was found between the number of chronic diseases, kind of chronic disease, educational status, marital status, total FIM, PMS and NHP values (p<0.05). In males, there was a correlation between number of chronic illnesses and total NHP, FIM (p<0.05), but in females, there were no correlation between number of chronic illnesses and total NHP, FIM (p>0.05). There were no correlations between kind of chronic disease and PMS, NHP, FIM (p>0.05) in either of genders. It was found that there are differences among elderly female and male individuals with a chronic disease in terms of the number of chronic diseases, types of chronic disease, mobility level, functional status and QoL; and mobility level is related to functional capacity and QoL in females. It is thought that the rehabilitation programs to improve physical and functional capacity in elderly people and applications that increase participation in activities and reduce pain may improve QoL.

The effect of functional mobility and balance on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among elderly people living at home and those living in nursing home.

The present study examined the effect of functional mobility and balance on HRQoL among elderly people living at home and those living in nursing homes. The study included 122 elderly people aged 65 and over. With regard to the individuals whose socio-demographic data were collected in the scope of the study, balance and functional mobility levels were evaluated using the timed up and go test (TUG) and Berg balance scale (BBS); HRQoL was evaluated using the Nottingham health profile (NHP); physical independence in daily activities was evaluated using the Barthel index (BI); and basic mobility in daily life was evaluated using the Rivermead mobility index (RMI). Statistically significant differences were found between the TUG, BBS and NHP values of the elderly people living in a home environment and those living in nursing homes (p<0.05). However, no statistically significant difference could be found between the BI and RMI values (p>0.05). A statistically significant relationship was found between the NHP and TUG, RMI, BI and the use of assistive devices in daily life activities (p<0.05). It is thought that the inclusion of functional mobility and balance training in elderly care and rehabilitation programs would be useful for the elderly people to develop functional independence and in increasing their HRQoL.

[The relation between health-related quality of life and pain, depression, anxiety, and functional independence in persons with chronic physical disability]. / Kronik fiziksel özürlü bireylerde agri, depresyon, anksiyete ve fonksiyonel bagimsizlik ile yasam kalitesi arasindaki iliski.

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the relation between health- related quality of life and pain, depression, anxiety, and functional independence. METHODS: The study included 82 healthy subjects aged 38.18+/-11.06 and 89 physically disabled subjects aged 37.72+/-16.40. Physical and social characteristics of the subjects such as age, height, length, weight, gender, occupational and marital status, and level of education were recorded. Visual Analogue Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Nottingham Health Profile, and Functional Independence Measure were used to evaluate pain, depression, anxiety, quality of life, and functional independence, respectively. RESULTS: Compared to healthy individuals, chronically disabled subjects had higher pain, depression and anxiety and lower quality of life scores. Between-group comparison showed that there was a significant difference in pain, depression, anxiety levels and health-related quality of life (p<0.05). Similarly, both healthy and disabled individuals indicated a negative correlation between pain, depression, anxiety and quality of life (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In individuals with chronic disabilities, pain may induce serious psychological problems, negatively affecting quality of life. This study showed that in chronically disabled individuals, there is a strong correlation between pain, depression, anxiety, and quality of life. These results should be considered carefully when planning assessment and rehabilitation programs for individuals with chronic disabilities.