Association of insomnia symptoms and trajectories with the risk of functional disability: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: There is limited understanding regarding prospective associations of insomnia symptoms and trajectories with functional disability. We aimed to investigate the associations of insomnia symptoms and trajectories with functional disability. METHOD: A total of 13 197 participants were eligible from the Health and Retirement Study. Insomnia symptoms included non-restorative sleep, difficulty initiating sleep, early morning awakening, and difficulty maintaining sleep. We also identified four distinct trajectories of insomnia symptoms: low, decreasing, increasing, and high insomnia symptoms. Functional status was assessed through activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). RESULTS: Participants experiencing one (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.13-1.29), two (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.29-1.57), or three to four (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.25-1.60) insomnia symptoms had a higher risk of ADL disability than asymptomatic respondents. Similarly, participants with one or more insomnia symptoms had a higher risk of IADL disability. Furthermore, using the trajectory with low insomnia symptoms as the reference, decreasing insomnia symptoms (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.12-1.34), increasing insomnia symptoms (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.05-1.41), and high insomnia symptoms (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.18-1.56) were all associated with an increased risk of ADL disability. CONCLUSION: Both a single measurement and dynamic trajectory of insomnia symptoms are associated with the onset of ADL disability. Increased awareness and management of insomnia symptoms may contribute to the prevention of functional disability occurrence.

Association of lifestyles and multimorbidity with mortality among individuals aged 60 years or older: Two prospective cohort studies.

Lifestyles are associated with all-cause mortality, yet limited research has explored the association in the elderly population with multimorbidity. We aim to investigate the impact of adopting a healthy lifestyle on reducing the risk of all-cause mortality in older individuals with or without multimorbidity in both China and UK. This prospective study included 29,451 and 173,503 older adults aged 60 and over from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) and UK Biobank. Lifestyles and multimorbidity were categorized into three groups, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the Hazard Ratios (HRs), 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and dose-response for all-cause mortality in relation to lifestyles and multimorbidity, as well as the combination of both factors. During a mean follow-up period of 4.7 years in CLHLS and 12.14 years in UK Biobank, we observed 21,540 and 20,720 deaths, respectively. For participants with two or more conditions, compared to those with an unhealthy lifestyle, adopting a healthy lifestyle was associated with a 27%-41% and 22%-42% reduction in mortality risk in the CLHLS and UK Biobank, respectively; Similarly, for individuals without multimorbidity, this reduction ranged from 18% to 41%. Among participants with multimorbidity, individuals with an unhealthy lifestyle had a higher mortality risk compared to those maintaining a healthy lifestyle, with HRs of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.32) and 1.27 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.39) for two conditions, and 1.24 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.45) and 1.73 (95% CI: 1.56, 1.91) for three or more conditions in CLHLS and UK Biobank, respectively. Adherence to a healthy lifestyle can yield comparable mortality benefits for older individuals, regardless of their multimorbidity status. Furthermore, maintaining a healthy lifestyle can alleviate the mortality risks linked to a higher number of diseases.

Theoretical derivation and application of empirical Harvey scatter model.

Starting from the Rayleigh-Rice perturbation theory, this paper derives the empirical Harvey scatter model and ABg scatter model applied extensively in optical analysis software packages and verifies the shift-invariant behavior of the scattered radiance in direction cosine space. Using data obtained from multi-wavelength laser scatterometer on carbon nanotube black coating and pineblack coating, we establish the polynomial model based on the sine of the scattering angle plus the sine of the specular reflection angle, i.e., sin θs+sin θ0 and the dual-Harvey model based on sin θs-sin θ0 , respectively. The models are in good accordance with the experimental data and further extend the valid range of empirical models.

Association of Combined Healthy Lifestyle Factors With Incident Dementia in Participants With and Without Multimorbidity: A Large Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: The effect of a healthy lifestyle on dementia associated with multimorbidity is not well understood. Our objective is to examine whether the adoption of a healthy lifestyle could potentially reduce the elevated risk of dementia in individuals with and without multimorbidity. METHODS: We utilized data from the UK Biobank cohort. A comprehensive healthy lifestyle score, ranging from 0 to 6, was generated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations between multimorbidity, the healthy lifestyle score, and the incidence risk of dementia. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up period of 12.5 years, 5 852 all-cause dementia were recorded. Multimorbidity including cardiovascular, metabolic, neuropsychiatric, and inflammation-related diseases was associated with a higher risk of subsequent dementia. Each additional chronic disease was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.38 (95% CI: 1.33, 1.44). Compared to individuals without multimorbidity and a healthy lifestyle score of 5-6, patients with multimorbidity and a lifestyle score of 0-1 had a significantly higher risk of dementia (HR: 3.13; 95% CI: 2.64, 3.72), but the risk was markedly attenuated among those with multimorbidity and a lifestyle score of 5-6. Among patients with 3 or more diseases, the HR for dementia was 0.53 (95%CI: 0.42, 0.68) when comparing a lifestyle score of 5-6 to 0-1. And we observed more pronounced association between them among people younger than 60 years old. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to a combination of healthy lifestyle factors, especially at a young age, was associated with a significantly lower risk of dementia among participants with multimorbidity.

Comparative transcriptomics analysis identifies crucial genes and pathways during goose spleen development.

As the largest peripheral lymphoid organ in poultry, the spleen plays an essential role in regulating the body's immune capacity. However, compared with chickens and ducks, information about the age- and breed-related changes in the goose spleen remains scarce. In this study, we systematically analyzed and compared the age-dependent changes in the morphological, histological, and transcriptomic characteristics between Landes goose (LG; Anser anser) and Sichuan White goose (SWG; Anser cygnoides). The results showed a gradual increase in the splenic weights for both LG and SWG until week 10, while their splenic organ indexes reached the peak at week 6. Meanwhile, the splenic histological indexes of both goose breeds continuously increased with age, reaching the highest levels at week 30. The red pulp (RP) area was significantly higher in SWG than in LG at week 0, while the splenic corpuscle (AL) diameter was significantly larger in LG than in SWG at week 30. At the transcriptomic level, a total of 1710 and 1266 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between week 0 and week 30 were identified in spleens of LG and SWG, respectively. Meanwhile, a total of 911 and 808 DEGs in spleens between LG and SWG were identified at weeks 0 and 30, respectively. Both GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the age-related DEGs of LG or SWG were dominantly enriched in the Cell cycle, TGF-beta signaling, and Wnt signaling pathways, while most of the breed-related DEGs were enriched in the Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, ECM-receptor interaction, and metabolic pathways. Furthermore, through construction of protein-protein interaction networks using significant DEGs, it was inferred that three hub genes including BUB1, BUB1B, and TTK could play crucial roles in regulating age-dependent goose spleen development while GRIA2, GRIA4, and RYR2 could be crucial for the breed-specific goose spleen development. These data provide novel insights into the splenic developmental differences between Chinese and European domestic geese, and the identified crucial pathways and genes are helpful for a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating goose immune functions.

Efficacy and safety of hepatitis B vaccine: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of synthesis of literature to determine hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) strategies for hepatitis B virus (HBV) supported by quality evidence. We aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of HepB strategies among people with different characteristics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for meta-analyses comparing the efficacy and safety of HepB up to July 2023. RESULTS: Twenty-one meta-analyses comparing 83 associations were included, with 16 high quality, 4 moderate, and 1 low quality assessed by AMSTAR 2. Highly suggestive evidence supports HepB booster and HepB with 1018 adjuvant (HBsAg-1018) for improved seroprotection, and targeted and universal HepB vaccination reduced HBV infection Suggestive evidence indicated that targeted vaccination decreased the rate of hepatitis B surface antibody positivity and booster doses increased seroprotection in people aged 10-20. Weak evidence suggests potential local/systemic reaction risk with nucleotide analogs or HBsAg-1018. Convincing evidence shows HLA-DPB1*04:01 and DPB1*04:02 increased, while DPB1*05:01 decreased, hepatitis B antibody response. Obesity may reduce HepB seroprotection, as highly suggested. CONCLUSION: Targeted vaccination could effectively reduce HBV infection, and adjuvant and booster vaccinations enhance seroprotection without significant reaction. Factors such as obesity and genetic polymorphisms may affect the efficacy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors.

BACKGROUND: As a novel antineoplastic drug, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are associated with a spectrum of autoimmune-related side effects, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Understanding the risk factors for immune-associated acute kidney injury will inform future symptom management measures to reduce this risk. This study aims to identify the risk factors for ICIs-AKI in cancer patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: The systematic search was conducted in The Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and VIP Database. The related studies published since the establishment of the database to Aug 22, 2022, were screened, data was extracted following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the quality of the selected studies was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The above was performed independently by the two reviewers. The estimated pooled odds ratios (ORs) for risk factors of developing ICIs-AKI were conducted by random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 8 publications, including 5267 patients, were included. Meta-analysis results showed that extrarenal immune-related adverse events (irAEs), therapy with the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), male, hypertension, pre-existent use of a diuretic, and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) were significantly correlated to ICIs-AKI. CONCLUSIONS: We identified extrarenal irAEs, CTLA-4 treatments, males, hypertension, previous use of diuretics, and PPIs are essential predictors of ICIs-AKI. These findings are helpful for healthcare providers to monitor ICIs-AKI for management and timely interventions.

Effect of metal oxides on the light radiation intensity of Ba(NO3)2/Mg-containing pyrotechnic mixtures combustion.

Studying how to improve the performance of illuminating agents to meet the requirements of ammunition miniaturization of great importance. In this study, a simple method for increasing light radiation intensity through the adding of metal oxides was developed and tested. Results revealed that the metal oxides had a very strong effect on the light radiation intensity of the reaction system. Optical radiation intensity increased by 17.8%, - 5.4% and 25.9% after the addition 5% of MgO, Al2O3 and BaO to the Ba(NO3)2/Mg reaction system, respectively. This phenomenon may be related to the light radiation characteristics and reactivity of the metal oxide itself, as well as the temperature at which the added metal oxide can be excited to radiate light intensity.

Relation analysis on emission control and economic cost of SCR system for marine diesels.

In order to meet the IMO Tier III emissions regulations and reduce environmental pollution, many ocean-going vessels have installed the marine SCR system to reduce NOx emissions. However, the investment cost and operation cost of the marine SCR system, as well as the factors affecting the SCR cost are still the problems that need to be studied. In this paper, MAN S46 diesel engine matched SCR system was taken as the research object, and a cost calculation model of Marine SCR system based on cost analysis method has been proposed. The relationship between SCR system cost and some factors such as unit capacity, unit running time and inlet NOx concentration have been analyzed. The research we have done suggests that operating time, NOx inlet concentration, and emission limits are the three main important factors in the operating cost of an SCR system. Among the various secondary costs of operating costs, the reducing agent cost, fuel increase cost, and indirect annual cost account for 60%, 24%, and 7%, respectively. Moreover, the results suggest that the unit denitration cost of the matched SCR system is highly affected by the power of the diesel engine and annual running time. This study demonstrated clearly the relationship between emission control and economic cost of SCR system for marine diesels and was expected to provide a theoretical basis for sustainable development in marine environmental protection policies.

Revealing the structural transformation of rutile RuO2via in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy during the oxygen evolution reaction.

RuO2 has been generally considered as the most active catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to date and shows remarkably higher activity in an acidic electrolyte than under alkaline conditions. Nevertheless, the dynamic valence state and local structure of reactive centers (i.e., Ru) in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes have not been systematically investigated yet, especially through in situ approaches. Herein, we employed in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy to study the dynamic valence state and local structure of RuO2 during the OER in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. In the acidic electrolyte, the Ru center was reduced near the onset potential prior to launching the OER and was oxidized during the OER process, while the coordination numbers and the bond lengths of the Ru-O path also decreased as revealed by in situ EXAFS analysis. Besides, in the alkaline electrolyte, RuO2 showed a similar behavior as revealed under acidic conditions. These results provide an evident insight into the dynamic change of the RuO2 electrocatalyst during the OER.