Primary desmoplastic small round cell tumour of the prostate.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumour (DSRCT) is a highly aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma with distinctive morphological features and characteristic EWSR1::WT1 gene fusion. DSRCT occurs in a variety of anatomic sites, with abdominal cavity being the most common location. Primary DSRCTs arising in the male genital system are exceedingly rare, with no documented definitive cases of primary DSRCT of the prostate to date, although 28 cases of DSRCT in the testicular or paratesticular regions have been reported. We here present two cases of primary DSRCT of the prostate. Both cases demonstrated the distinct morphology and the typical multiphenotypic immunohistochemical profile, and the characteristic EWSR1::WT1 fusion verified by fluorescent in situ hybridisation. Our cases expand the anatomic distribution of primary DSRCT and highlight the importance of considering this rare tumour in the differential diagnoses of small cell malignancies of the prostate.

Clinical study on hemoporfin PDT for infant facial port-wine stains.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy and therapeutic response of Hemoporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) for infant facial port-wine stains (PWS). METHOD: Hemoporfin PDT was used to treat 100 cases of infant facial PWS. After receiving Hemoporfin skin test, the cases with a negative skin test result were intravenously injected with Hemippofen (5 mg/kg) and irradiated under 532 nm LED green light. After treatment, a follow-up visit was paid through WeChat and Dermlink PWS consulting platform, in order to observe the therapeutic response and clinical efficacy. RESULT: The follow-up visit showed an effective rate of 98%, including 85 cases of itching (85%), 100 cases of edema (100%), 89 cases of purpura-like change (89%), 33 cases of crust (33%), 2 cases of hyperpigmentation (2%) and 2 cases of scars (2%), with no allergy and other systematic adverse reaction. CONCLUSION: Hemoporfin PDT has a high clinical efficacy and response rate in treating infant facial PWS, with slight adverse reactions.

Toxic effects of copper sulfate on diploid and triploid fin cell lines in Misgurnus anguillicaudatus.

The effects of different concentrations of copper sulfate on diploid and triploid fin cell lines (named DIMF and TRMF, respectively) in Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were studied. The LC50 of copper sulfate estimated by an MTT assay was 268.39 in DIMF cells, and 311.54 µmol/L in TRMF cells, respectively. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in DIMF cells gradually increased as the concentration of copper sulfate increased (up to 200 µmol/L), and then gradually decreased. SOD activity in triploid loach fin cells, as well as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in both diploid and triploid cells, decreased as the concentration of copper sulfate increased, which suggested that excessive copper exposure at the concentrations tested in this study was detrimental to anti-oxidative capability. In general, SOD, GST and GSH-Px activity was higher in triploid fin cells than in diploid cells. DNA breaks were observed by comet assays after 24 h exposure to 400 and 800 µM copper; DNA percent in the comet's tail was lower in TRMF than in DIMF. Ultrastructurally, there were no significant differences in the organelles of both cells, although a higher number of vesicles were observed in TRMF cells after copper exposure. Pathological changes induced by copper sulfate were similar in DIMF and TRMF cells, and were indicative of cell necrosis. Results above suggested that excessive copper sulfate exposure would lead to antioxidant enzymes activity reduction, along with antioxidant defenses disruption and superoxide radicals increasing, and then to DNA damage, ultrastructural changes and necrosis features in DIMF and TRMF M. anguillicaudatus fin cells. Triploid cell lines had higher resistance to copper than their diploid counterparts especially at higher concentrations of copper due to larger cells and higher intracellular content of detoxification enzymes to resist the toxicity of heavy metals.