In situ evidence of the magnetospheric cusp of Jupiter from Juno spacecraft measurements.

The magnetospheric cusp connects the planetary magnetic field to interplanetary space, offering opportunities for charged particles to precipitate to or escape from the planet. Terrestrial cusps are typically found near noon local time, but the characteristics of the Jovian cusp are unknown. Here we show direct evidence of Jovian cusps using datasets from multiple instruments onboard Juno spacecraft. We find that the cusps of Jupiter are in the dusk sector, which is contradicting Earth-based predictions of a near-noon location. Nevertheless, the characteristics of charged particles in the Jovian cusps resemble terrestrial and Saturnian cusps, implying similar cusp microphysics exist across different planets. These results demonstrate that while the basic physical processes may operate similarly to those at Earth, Jupiter's rapid rotation and its location in the heliosphere can dramatically change the configuration of the cusp. This work provides useful insights into the fundamental consequences of star-planet interactions, highlighting how planetary environments and rotational dynamics influence magnetospheric structures.

Saturn Anomalous Myriametric Radiation, a New Type of Saturn Radio Emission Revealed by Cassini.

A new radio component namely Saturn Anomalous Myriametric Radiation (SAM) is reported. A total of 193 SAM events have been identified by using all the Cassini Saturn orbital data. SAM emissions are L-O mode radio emission and occasionally accompanied by a first harmonic in R-X mode. SAM's intensities decrease with increasing distance from Saturn, suggesting a source near Saturn. SAM has a typical central frequency near 13 kHz, a bandwidth greater than 8 kHz and usually drifts in frequency over time. SAM's duration can extend to near 11 hr and even longer. These features distinguish SAM from the regular narrowband emissions observed in the nearby frequency range, hence the name anomalous. The high occurrence rate of SAM after low frequency extensions of Saturn Kilometric Radiation and the SAM cases observed during compressions of Saturn's magnetosphere suggest a special connection to solar wind dynamics and magnetospheric conditions at Saturn.

Jupiter's X-Ray and UV Dark Polar Region.

We present 14 simultaneous Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO)-Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of Jupiter's Northern X-ray and ultraviolet (UV) aurorae from 2016 to 2019. Despite the variety of dynamic UV and X-ray auroral structures, one region is conspicuous by its persistent absence of emission: the dark polar region (DPR). Previous HST observations have shown that very little UV emission is produced by the DPR. We find that the DPR also produces very few X-ray photons. For all 14 observations, the low level of X-ray emission from the DPR is consistent (within 2-standard deviations) with scattered solar emission and/or photons spread by Chandra's Point Spread Function from known X-ray-bright regions. We therefore conclude that for these 14 observations the DPR produced no statistically significant detectable X-ray signature.

Carrier dynamics and lasing behavior of InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers with short cavity lengths.

The modulation p-doping technique has emerged as an effective way to optimize the carrier dynamics process of quantum dot (QD) structures. Here, the laser structures based on the 1.3µm multiple-layer InAs/GaAs QD were fabricated with and without modulation p-doping. The carrier relaxation rate was increased after modulation p-doping, as demonstrated by transient absorption spectroscopy. The higher relaxation rate in p-doped QDs could be explained by more rapid carrier-carrier scattering process originating from increasing of the hole quasi-Fermi-level movement that increases the probability of occupancy of the valence states. In addition, the lasing behavior of Fabry-Perot lasers with and without modulation p-doping was investigated and compared. It was found that the ground state (GS) lasing in the absence of facet coating was successfully achieved in a p-doped laser diode with short cavity length (400µm), which can be attributed to the higher GS saturation gain caused by p-doping. With assistance of a designed TiO2/SiO2facet coating whose central wavelength (∼1480 nm) is far beyond the lasing wavelength of 1310 nm, the GS lasing could be realized in a laser diode with short cavity lengths (300µm) under continuous wave operation at room temperature, implying great potential for the development of low-cost and high-speed directly modulated lasers.

[Cohort study of efficacy and safety of polatuzumab vedotin combined with immunochemotherapy in patients with relapse/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma].

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of Polatuzumab vedotin+rituximab±bendamustine (Pola-(B)R) in relapse/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) patients. Methods: The clinical data of 21 patients enrolled in Chinese Pola compassionate use program (CUP) in 4 centers from November 2019 to August 2020 were collected. There were 15 males and 6 females, and the median age was 56 years (ranged 25-76 years). Of the patients, 10 cases received Pola-BR regimen and the other 11 received Pola-R. Their clinical features, regimens, efficacy, and adverse events (AEs) were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Twenty-one patients with at least one efficacy evaluation were included. At data analysis cut-off point (12 Aug. 2020), the best overall response (BOR) rate was 81.0% (17/21) and the complete response (CR) rate was 19.0% (4/21). Kaplan-Meier survival estimation was performed, at a median follow-up of 54 days, three patients (14.3%) had disease progressed, and 18 patients (85.7%) were censored; the median progression-free survival (mPFS) was estimated to be 148 days. The incidence of adverse effects (AEs) of any grade was higher in Pola-BR group than Pola-R group (80.0% vs 63.6%). However, the incidence of grade 3-4 AEs were close in the two groups (30.0% vs 29.3%). The most common hematological toxicities were thrombocytopenia (28.6%, 6/21), neutropenia (28.6%, 6/21) and anemia (14.3%, 3/21), respectively. One patient with pneumonia and 1 patient with hemophagocytic syndrome recovered after symptomatic treatment. No peripheral neuropathy of grade≥2 was observed. Conclusions: The preliminary data suggested that, for heavily treated Chinese R/R DLBCL, the Pola-(B)R regimen still achieves promising efficacy and tolerable safety.

Prognostic impact of prognostic nutritional index in advanced (stage IIIB/IV) non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is a parameter reflecting prognosis for various cancers, including resected lung cancer. However, there were few reports to study the relationship between the PNI and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced (stage IIIB/IV) non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we collected the clinical data of 315 patients with advanced (stage IIIB/IV) NSCLC who had received chemotherapy or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) between January 2010 and June 2011. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analyses were used to evaluate prognostic significance of PNI in patients with advanced (stage IIIB/IV) NSCLC. In our analysis, we found that PNI (p=0.001) was significantly associated with OS in patients with advanced (stage IIIB/IV) NSCLC, so was smoking (p<0.001) and disease stage (p=0.005). We demonstrated that PNI could be utilized to predict survival outcomes in patients with advanced (stage IIIB/IV) NSCLC. Patients with a lower PNI may have worse prognosis.

[Comparison and application of two risk assessment methods for occupational lead exposure risk classification in a lead-acid battery enterprise].

Objective: To apply and compare two risk assessment methods for occupational lead exposure risk classification in a lead-acid battery enterprise. Methods: In April 2013, an occupational health survey was carried out in a lead-acid battery enterprise. Lead smoke and lead dust were tested in the workplace. The risk assessment index system for occupational chemical hazards that was established and optimized by the research group (referred to as "optimized index system" ) , as well as the Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment model, was used for occupational lead exposure risk classification in the lead-acid battery enterprise. The two risk classification results were analyzed and compared. Results: In the lead smoke risk classification results, the optimized index system classified the raw material group and foundry group workshops as Class I hazardous and the assembling group workshop as Class II hazardous. The Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment model classified the raw material group workshop as high risk and foundry group and assembling group workshops as extremely high risk. In the lead dust risk classification results, the optimized index system classified the raw material group workshop as Class I hazardous, while the plate painting group, plate cutting group, and assembling group workshops were classified as Class II hazardous. The Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment model classified the raw material group workshop as medium risk, the plate painting group and plate cutting group workshops as high risk, and the assembling group workshop as extremely high risk. Conclusion: There are some differences in risk assessment of occupational lead exposure between the two risk assessment methods. The optimized index system is comparably more reasonable and feasible, and is highly operable.

[Bone metastases from cancer of the cervix].

130 cases treated for cervical cancer developed bone metastases from 1958 through 1991, it was 0.87% of the total number of cervical carcinoma admitted to our hospital. (130/14,827). The rate of metastasis in each clinical stage was 0.85% (4/468) in stage I, 0.67% (41/6,064) in stage II, 0.97% (79/8,077) in stage III, 2.75% (6/218) in stage IV, respectively. Roentgenograms were diagnostic in all but 7 of the patients. The most common site of bone metastases was lumbar vertebrae, accounting for 44.69% of all bone metastases from cervix cancer. Metastases to pelvic bones ranked next. More than a half of the patients were diagnosed within 3 years after treatment. 86.92% of the patients died within 12 months, By now all patients were dead. Local radiation therapy was useful for pain relief but did not affect the prognosis.

[Umbilical metastasis from gynecologic malignancies--a clinical study of 15 cases].

Umbilical metastasis from gynecologic malignancies is very rare. We report fifteen patients with primary gynecologic malignant tumors associated with umbilical metastases treated in this hospital from 1958-1991. 1, including 10 epithelial ovarian cancer. 1 malignant teratoma of the ovary, 2 endometrial carcinoma and 2 squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Apart from one patient initially diagnosed as stage 1 endometrial carcinoma, all patients had advanced tumors. Six patients had umbilical lesion present at the time of initial diagnosis of the primary tumor. The main clinical finding is an umbilical nodule or an ulcerated nodule in a diameter less than 2 cm. Usually the prognosis was poor. The average survival from initial diagnosis of umbilical metastasis to death was 14 months in 12 patients. There were 4 cases with longer survival, including one patient with endometrial carcinoma who survived 40 months, and 3 patients with ovarian carcinoma who survived 54, 52, 31 months, respectively. Two cases are surviving with tumor. It indicates that aggressive therapy may prolong survival time, especially in patients with ovarian cancers.

[Supraclavicular lymph node metastasis from carcinoma of the uterine cervix after radiotherapy--analysis of 219 patients].

From Mar. 1958 to Dec. 1985, 13547 patients with cervical cancer in stages I-III were treated by radiotherapy in our hospital. Supraclavicular lymph node metastasis developed in 219 (1.62%), 83.1% on the left, 7.7% on the right and 9.13% bilateral. 61.2% of the metastasis occurred within 2 years and 86.75% within 5 years after radiotherapy. The majority of these patients (88.3%, 191/215), except 4 who are still being followed, had died within 1.5 years of metastasis with a mean survival of 9.3 months. If radiotherapy in adequate dose is given to the supraclavicular metastatic area, the mean survival can be prolonged for 3.7 months. The prognosis is very poor for these patients no matter what the clinical stage is or when the metastasis develops. The more advanced clinical stage, the higher metastasis rate (P less than 0.001). In this series, 47/219 (21.5%) were found to have concurrent metastasis to the other organs.

[Treatment of 63 advanced ovarian carcinomas].

62 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian adenocarcinoma (37 stage III, 4 stage IV and 22 recurrent lesions) were treated in our hospital from 1977 to 1981, 38 patients underwent surgery. 25 with inoperable tumor initially received preoperative chemotherapy (VCF protocol: vincristine + cyclophosphamide + fluorouracil chiefly) followed by surgery. The response rate of chemotherapy was 48%. Apart from 1 progressive tumor during chemotherapy, 24/25 were explored. There were 10/24 with residual tumor less than 2 cm in diameter, giving a resection rate of 41.7% as compared with the resection rate of 42.1% (16/38) in the operation group. It is shown that the preoperative chemotherapy improves the resection rate. 44 patients received postoperative chemotherapy and 12, radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy only. The overall 2.3 and 5 year survival rates of these 63 patients were 39.7%, 31.7% and 23.8%. The 2 and 3 year survivals were 41.9% and 32.3% in 31 patients with postoperative chemotherapy using VCF protocol. The results indicate that VCF protocol is effective for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, especially patients with residual tumor less than 2 cm in size. Chemotherapy with more than 3 courses has better effect.