[Endoscopically non-removable stones of the common bile duct]. / Endoskopicheski ne udalimye kamni obshchego zhelchnogo protoka: puti resheniya problemy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of long-term biliary stenting in the treatment of endoscopically intractable common bile duct stones. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study enrolled 247 patients with endoscopically non-removable bile duct calculi («difficult¼ choledocholithiasis) divided into two comparable groups. The main group included 129 patients who underwent biliary stenting with original stents with a nanocarbon inert coating (RF patent No. 84226), including those with inclusion of silver nanoclusters (RF patent No. 129397). The control group included 118 patients who underwent all methods of surgical treatment of choledocholithiasis, while biliary stents with original nanocarbon silver-containing inert coating were excluded. The vast majority of patients were women of advanced age (mean 66.8±4.7 and 66.3±5.6, max 89 and 90, min 32 and 37 years, respectively). RESULTS: In the control group, all patients underwent endoscopic transpapillary interventions as soon as possible. We could not extract common bile duct stones via endoscopic approach in 56.8% of cases. These patients underwent open or laparoscopic choledocholithotomy with lithoextraction. Complications occurred in 28.5% of cases. Mortality rate was 4.2%. Standard stenting of common bile duct was performed in 28.8% of cases. At the same time, stent dysfunction followed by relapse of obstructive jaundice occurred in 27.1% of patients within 3-3.5 months. Of these, 16 patients (13.5%) underwent stent removal and lithoextraction. Re-stenting was performed in 18 patients (15.3%). Moreover, shock wave lithotripsy with subsequent removal of common bile duct calculi was performed in 8 (6.8%) of these patients the next day. In the main group, original biliary plastic stents with nanocarbon silver-containing inert coating were implanted in all patients. Under permanent therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid drugs, we observed significant shrinkage of calculi to 11.8±1.8 mm and decrease in their density. This made it possible to carry out successful extraction of calculi in 81 patients (62.8%) after 6±0.3 months. Shock wave lithotripsy was performed in 36 (27.9%) cases. This procedure was successful and allowed final lithoextraction in 28 patients (21.7%). Re-stenting was performed in 15 (11.6%) cases, laparotomy - in 5 (3.9%) patients. Mortality rate was 0.78%. CONCLUSION: Our data allow us to discuss high efficiency of long-term bile duct stenting with plastic stents with nanocarbon silver-containing inert coating in complex treatment of choledocholithiasis. This approach ensures acceptable incidence of undesirable complications and mortality. This situation undoubtedly dictates the need for further larger prospective studies.

[False aneurysm of external carotid artery diagnosed after thyroidectomy]. / Pul'siruiushchaia gematoma v basseine naruzhnoi sonnoi arterii, diagnostirovannaia posle tireoidéktomii.

The patient 58-year-old with nodular goiter grade 2 was hospitalized to the surgical clinic. Thyroidectomy was performed. Postoperative period was complicated by hiccups and pulsation in the right half of the neck. According to angiography and CT data, there were a hematoma within thyroid bed and arteriovenous fistula between superior thyroid artery and right facial vein. Surgical repair of the fistula and false aneurysm drainage were carried out. This case report demonstrates a rare complication of thyroidectomy - arteriovenous fistula between superior thyroid artery and facial vein followed by pulsatile false aneurysm.

[Minimally invasive management of biliary leakage after cholecystectomy]. / Zhelcheistechenie posle kholetsistéktomii. Opyt primeneniia maloinvazivnykh metodov lecheniia.

AIM: To analyze treatment of patients with de novo extrahepatic bile ducts lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 37 patients with post-cholecystectomy biliary leakage which was confirmed intraoperatively and in postoperative period. Cystic duct stump failure was observed in 18 (55.3%) patients, marginal damage, complete intersection and excision of extrahepatic bile duct wall occurred in 7 (18.4%), 1 (2.6%) and 1 (2.6%) patients respectively. Injury of the duct of Lyushka was revelaed in 8 (21.1%) patients. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Endobiliary stenting was performed in 32 (84.2%) patients. It was final independent method in 5 (13.2%) cases and combined with other procedures in 27 patients (drainage and puncture of bile accumulations (28.9%), laparoscopic external drainage of biliary ducts (42.1%)). The greatest efficacy of these interventions was proved for cystic duct stump failure - 21 of 21 (100.0%), marginal damage of bile ducts - 7% out of 7 (100%), as well as for intersection of ducts of Lychka - 6 out of 8 (75%). CONCLUSION: Complex application of minimally invasive surgical interventions for extrahepatic bile ducts injury after cholecystectomy reduces likelihood of redo biliary surgery and may be independent treatment in some cases.

[Endoscopic interventions in diagnosis and treatment of Mirizzi syndrome]. / Endoskopicheskie vmeshatel'stva v diagnostike i lechenii sindroma Mirizi.

AIM: To define the role of endoscopic interventions in diagnosis and treatment of Mirizzi syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Results of treatment of 41 patients with Mirizzi syndrome are presented. Endoscopic transpapillary interventions including cholangiography, papillosphincterotomy lithoextraction, nazobiliary drainage were used as a first step in all cases. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In 4 cases laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed after biliary tree sanitation. In 6 advanced age patients with severe comorbidities common bile duct stenting alone was preferred. Open interventions were performed in 15 patients (36.6%) including cholecystectomy, choledocholithotomy with common bile duct drainage. CONCLUSION: It is shown that endoscopic transpapillary methods of diagnosis and treatment of Mirizzi syndrome provides adequate decompression and sanitation of the bile ducts in most cases and significantly reduces number of open surgical procedures.

[Use of meshendoprostheses with diamond-like carbon coating in abdominal hernias surgery].

It is presented the results of implantation of meshendoprostheses with and without carbon coating for surgical treatment of abdominal hernias in experiment and clinical practice. It was shown that diamond-like carbon coating minimizes primary tissue reaction against foreign material and provides complete implant's biological integration into subcutaneous connective tissue as are active encapsulation with connective tissue. Suggested meshendoprostheses with diamond-like carbon coating decrease local inflammatory reaction in operated area and thereby reduce number of exudative complications in early postoperative period.