Screening of Fracture Risk and Osteoporosis Among Older Long-term Care Residents: A Prospective Study.

This prospective study assessed the effectiveness of screening older long-term care residents (LTCRs) for fracture risk and osteoporosis in Taiwan. Fracture risk screening was done using the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX), and those with high or moderate risk were offered osteoporosis workup and treatment at the hospital. Among 785 LTCRs screened, 338 men (mean age 75.6) and 447 women (mean age 81.2) were included. Only 5.2% of women and no men were using anti-osteoporosis medication. Based on the Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation (BHOF) recommendations, 69.2% of men and 92.6% of women were classified as high fracture risk. In 110 participants willing to receive bone mineral density examination, osteoporosis was diagnosed in 86.2% of women and half of men. FRAX could effectively differentiate fracture risk in 648 LTCRs who completed 2-year follow-ups; no fracture occurred in the low-risk group. The study emphasizes the importance of fracture risk screening to enhance osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment among LTCRs.

[Predicting response to non-small cell lung cancer immunotherapy using pre-treatment contrast-enhanced CT texture-based classification].

Objective: To explore the value of pre-treatment contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT)-based texture analysis in predicting response to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) immunotherapy. Methods: From January to July 2018, a total of 51 lesions from 42 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving immunotherapy at Shanghai Chest Hospital were selected in this retrospective study. Pre-treatment contrast-enhanced CT-based texture features were extracted by MaZda software. Ten optimal texture features were chosen based on three different methods: Fisher coefficient, mutual information measure (MI) and minimization of classification error probability combined average correlation coefficients(POE+ ACC), respectively. According to the efficacy of the first immunotherapy, 51 lesions were divided into non-progressive disease (non-PD, n=26) and progressive disease (PD, n=25). The differences were tested in each texture feature set between the two groups. The immunotherapy effects of target lesions were analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and nonlinear discriminant analysis (NDA). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive-predictive value (PPV) and negative-predictive value (NPV) were calculated. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to quantify the predictive accuracy of the three analysis models for each texture feature set and compare them with the actual classification results. Results: In all of three texture feature sets, the texture parameter differences of Perc.50%, Perc.90%, "S(5, 5)SumEntrp" and "S(4, 4)SumEntrp" were higher in PD group than those in non-PD group (all P<0.05). The classification result of texture feature set chosen by POE+ ACC and analyzed by NDA was identified as the best model (AUC=0.802, 95%CI: 0.674-0.930), and its sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV were 72%, 88.5%, 80.4%, 85.7%, 76.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Pre-treatment contrast-enhanced CT-based texture characteristics of NSCLC may function as non-invasive biomarkers for the evaluation of response to immunotherapy.

Effect of dietary taurine supplementation on metabolome variation in plasma of Nile tilapia.

Taurine has been considered as an essential nutrient for many aquaculture species. While dietary taurine supplementation is highly recommended, novelty studies on taurine metabolism in fish are needed. The present study aimed to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in multiple metabolome changes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by studying plasma metabolic profile changes in response to graded levels of dietary taurine supplementation. The analysis used proton nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics. Four groups of tilapias were fed with four diets supplemented with 0.0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2% taurine for 84 days. Fish plasma was sampled at multiple time points to provide an accurate snapshot of specific metabolic profiles during growth. Under the effect of taurine supplementation, 21 and 12 metabolites in tilapia plasma shown significant changes in terms of time-dependence and diet-dependence, respectively. These metabolic changes in tilapia plasma were mainly associated with energy and amino acid metabolism, lipids, nucleotides and protein metabolism. The results indicate that 0.8% taurine supplementation could significantly improve the carbohydrate synthesis, protein digestion and absorption, and fat deposition of tilapia and thereby promoted growth and development of tilapia.

CCAT2 contributes to progression and treatment resistance of thyroid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to uncover the correlations of the expression of colon cancer associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) in the clinical papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) specimens with the prognosis and chemoresistance of patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The expression level of CCAT2 in the PTC and ATC specimens was determined using Real-Time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR), and the correlations of CCAT2 expression with the clinical features of patients were detected via χ2 test. Besides, survival analysis was conducted to verify the relation between CCAT2 expression and patients' survival. After knockdown or overexpression of CCAT2, the changes in the proliferation ability of human thyroid carcinoma cells were examined via Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of doxorubicin and cisplatin were measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. RESULTS: According to the χ2-test results, the expression of CCAT2 was notably correlated with the capsular invasion and lymph node metastasis of PTC, and the capsular invasion, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis of ATC. It was discovered through the survival analysis that the expression of CCAT2 was notably associated with the poor prognosis of ATC patients. After knockdown of CCAT2, both the proliferation ability and the IC50 values of doxorubicin and cisplatin substantially declined in human thyroid carcinoma cells. The opposite conditions were found after CCAT2 was overexpressed in human thyroid carcinoma cells. CONCLUSIONS: CCAT2 potentiates the proliferation ability and chemoresistance of cells, promotes the progression of thyroid carcinoma, and hinders the prognosis of ATC.

Good hydration and cell-biological performances of superparamagnetic calcium phosphate cement with concentration-dependent osteogenesis and angiogenesis induced by ferric iron.

The multifunctionality of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) can be achieved via co-doping with different metallic ions. Magnetism and hyperthermia have been proposed as potential therapeutic methods in bone healing and anti-osteosarcoma treatment. Iron-doping in biomaterials has been confirmed to meet the clinical requirements for these treatments. Herein, superparamagnetic iron-doped CPC (Fe-CPC) showed improved injectability and compressive strength, increased negative surface charge and accelerated hydration with increasing Fe3+ concentration. The superparamagnetism of Fe-CPC was confirmed through vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. Mouse bone marrow stromal cells (mBMSCs) cultured on Fe-CPC disks exhibited better attachment morphology and proliferation, and had an enhancement of osteogenic-related gene expression. Moreover, a series of extracts with different concentrations of Fe3+ in cell culture medium were leaching-prepared to simulate the Fe3+-containing liquid environment around the magnetic biomaterials. The performances of mBMSCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured in Fe3+-extracts showed increased proliferation rate in a certain amount of Fe3+. Osteogenesis and angiogenesis induced by Fe3+ were observed, but cytotoxicity in mBMSCs appeared when the concentration of Fe3+ was beyond a critical value. Fe-CPC is supposed to have prospective applications in bone remodeling through the combination of self-setting in situ, injectability, superparamagnetism, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and osteoconductivity.

Dynamic CT of solitary pulmonary nodules: comparison of contrast medium distribution characteristic of malignant and benign lesions.

BACKGROUND: To prospectively assess the role of the dynamic contrast-enhanced CT enhancement characteristics in distinguishing malignant form of benign solitary pulmonary nodules. METHODS: The study included 87 patients (59 men, 28 women; median age, 59 years) with 87 solitary pulmonary nodules. In all cases, dynamic CT images were obtained before and 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120 s, 3, 5, 9, 12, 15 and 20 min after injection of contrast medium. Peak enhancement attenuation value, net enhancement attenuation value, the slope of enhancement, enhancement ratio, outflow of contrast medium (washout), washout ratio and the slope of washout ratio were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed with the Mann-Whitney test, χ(2) test, and receiver-operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: There were 52 malignant and 35 benign nodules. There were no significant differences in net enhancement value, enhancement ratio and the slope of enhancement ratio between malignant and benign nodules (P > 0.05). Malignant nodules showed smaller outflow of contrast medium than did benign nodules. With 12.4HU or lower washout as a cutoff value, the sensitivity and specificity for malignancy were 52.5 and 65.0 %, respectively. With 18.9 % or lower washout ratio as a cutoff value, sensitivity and specificity for malignancy were 60.0 and 75.0 %, respectively. With 0.0180 %/s or lower slope of washout ratio as a cutoff value, sensitivity and specificity for malignancy were 60.0 and 80.0 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT is helpful in differentiating malignant from benign solitary pulmonary nodules. Smaller washout of contrast enhancement is a predictor that a lesion is malignant.

Raman probing of competitive laser heating and local recrystallization effect in ZnO nanocrystals.

The competitive laser-induced local heating and recrystallization effects in ZnO nanocrystals embedded in a MgO/ZnO stack are reported via resonance Raman spectra. The dependence of the intensity, energy, and resonance effects of the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon on laser excitation condition are discussed in the context of Fröhlich interaction. Redistribution of defects, impurity-diffusion, and grain regrowth caused by thermal and photochemical effects lead to significant changes in coupling strength of electron-phonon interaction, and the resonance behaviors are strongly affected by the interplay of local heating, heat trapping, and local structural modification in such nanostructures.

Enhanced field emission from injector-like ZnO nanostructures with minimized screening effect.

Injector-like zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have been synthesized on Si substrate by the vapour phase transport method. Samples with different areal densities were obtained by controlling the temperature. The field emission properties of the injector-like ZnO nanostructures showed a clear dependence on the areal density of the nanostructures, which is due to the screening effect. The samples with a needle length of 850 nm and an areal density of 1 × 10(8) cm(-2) showed the lowest field emission turn-on field of 1.85 V µm(-1) at a current density of 10 µA cm(-2), and the current density reaches 1 mA cm(-2) at an applied field of 4.7 V µm(-1).

Nano-structural bioactive gradient coating fabricated by computer controlled plasma-spraying technology.

The poor mechanical property of hydroxyapatite was the major problem for load bearing and implant coating in clinical applications. To overcome this weakness, a bioactive gradient coating with a special design composition of hydroxyapatite (HA), ZrO2, Ti, bioglass was developed. This 120 microm coating with an upper layer of 30-50 microm porous HA produced by computer controlled plasma spraying which maintained energy level of the plasma which ensure proper melting of powder. The crystal size of the coating was 18.6-26.2 nm. Transformation of t-ZrO2 to m-ZrO2 reduced the thermal stress that weakened the coating and lowered down interfacial strength of the coating and metal substrate. Thermal stress of sprayed coating was 16.4 MPa which was much smaller than the sample without thermal treatment of 67.1 MPa. Interfacial strength between the coating and metal substrate was 53 MPa which is much higher than conventional Hydroxyapatite coating. Based on XRD analysis crystallinity of HA approached 98%. Therefore, high temperature treatment improved long term stability of the coating through improved crystallinity of hydroxyapatite and reduced other impure calcium phosphate phase.