RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The association between eustachian tube dysfunction and middle-ear effusion is well established. Studies have also demonstrated pathological changes affecting the middle-ear mucosa associated with chronic sinonasal inflammation. No previous studies have evaluated symptoms related to sinonasal inflammatory disease in different ear diseases. OBJECTIVE: To assess the presence of sinonasal symptoms in ear diseases using the Dundee Rhinogram. METHODS: Data were collected prospectively in the period February-October 2011. Sinonasal symptoms were graded using the Dundee Rhinogram. Student's t-test analyses were performed to identify any statistically significant associations. RESULTS: In total, 164 patients were assessed. There was a statistically significant association between sinonasal symptoms and mucosal middle-ear diseases (p < 0.005). The mean sinonasal symptoms score for mucosal middle-ear disease patients was 5.94 (range, 0-32). CONCLUSION: Assessment of sinonasal symptoms is paramount in patients presenting with an ear symptom; inflammatory sinonasal disease treatment may become necessary in the management of middle-ear mucosal disease for better patient outcome.
Asunto(s)
Colesteatoma del Oído Medio/patología , Trompa Auditiva/patología , Otitis Media con Derrame/patología , Enfermedades de los Senos Paranasales/patología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Colesteatoma del Oído Medio/clasificación , Colesteatoma del Oído Medio/cirugía , Enfermedad Crónica , Oído Externo/patología , Células Epiteliales/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nasofaringe/patología , Otitis Media con Derrame/clasificación , Otitis Media con Derrame/cirugía , Enfermedades de los Senos Paranasales/clasificación , Enfermedades de los Senos Paranasales/cirugía , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
AIM: Because no ECG lead cable and lead selector is equipped, SYD-4228 Physiology Experiment System can not be used to record and observe ECG. This paper introduces an ECG lead converter/selector designed and implemented by us. METHODS: With resistor network and lead input cable, an ECG lead converter/selector was produced. RESULTS: As an independent and assistant part of SYD-4228 system, this ECG lead converter/selector can be used to record ECG waveform in animal experiment. CONCLUSION: Capable of matching both SYD-4228 system and other ECG recording systems, this ECG lead converter/selector can record ECG waveforms with different lead systems simultaneously. Real-time observation and comparison of waveforms recorded by different lead systems can be available.