Multiple Brillouin Zone Winding of Topological Chiral Edge States for Slow Light Applications.

Photonic Chern insulators are known for their topological chiral edge states (CESs), whose absolute existence is determined by the bulk band topology, but concrete dispersion can be engineered to exhibit various properties. For example, the previous theory suggested that the edge dispersion can wind many times around the Brillouin zone to slow down light, which can potentially overcome fundamental limitations in conventional slow-light devices: narrow bandwidth and keen sensitivity to fabrication imperfection. Here, we report the first experimental demonstration of this idea, achieved by coupling CESs with resonance-induced nearly flat bands. We show that the backscattering-immune hybridized CESs are significantly slowed down over a relatively broad bandwidth. Our work thus paves an avenue to broadband topological slow-light devices.

Harnessing Hafnium-Based Nanomaterials for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy.

With the rapid development of nanotechnology and nanomedicine, there are great interests in employing nanomaterials to improve the efficiency of disease diagnosis and treatment. The clinical translation of hafnium oxide (HfO2 ), commercially namedas NBTXR3, as a new kind of nanoradiosensitizer for radiotherapy (RT) of cancers has aroused extensive interest in researches on Hf-based nanomaterials for biomedical application. In the past 20 years, Hf-based nanomaterials have emerged as potential and important nanomedicine for computed tomography (CT)-involved bioimaging and RT-associated cancer treatment due to their excellent electronic structures and intrinsic physiochemical properties. In this review, a bibliometric analysis method is employed to summarize the progress on the synthesis technology of various Hf-based nanomaterials, including HfO2 , HfO2 -based compounds, and Hf-organic ligand coordination hybrids, such as metal-organic frameworks or nanoscaled coordination polymers. Moreover, current states in the application of Hf-based CT-involved contrasts for tissue imaging or cancer diagnosis are reviewed in detail. Importantly, the recent advances in Hf-based nanomaterials-mediated radiosensitization and synergistic RT with other current mainstream treatments are also generalized. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives of Hf-based nanomaterials with a view to maximize their great potential in the research of translational medicine are also discussed.

CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanoparticles causes Colitis-Like Symptom via Promoting Intestinal Barrier Damage and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis.

Lead-based perovskite nanoparticles (Pb-PNPs) with superior optoelectronic properties are promising alternatives for the next generation of photovoltaics materials. This raises a great concern about their potential exposure toxicity in biological systems. However, little is known about their adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract system so far. Here, the aim is to investigate the biodistribution, biotransformation, potential gastrointestinal tract toxicity, and effect on the gut microbiota after oral exposure to the CsPbBr3 perovskite nanoparticles (CPB PNPs). The advanced synchrotron radiation based microscopic X-ray fluorescence scanning and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy demonstrate that high doses of CPB (CPB-H) PNPs can gradually transform into different lead-based compounds, subsequently accumulating in the gastrointestinal tract, especially the colon. Meanwhile, the pathological changes of stomach, small intestine, and colon reveal that CPB-H PNPs have higher gastrointestinal tract toxicity than Pb(Ac)2 , consequently leading to colitis-like symptoms. More importantly, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis discloses that CPB-H PNPs cause more significant alterations in the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota related to inflammation, intestinal barrier, and immune function than Pb(Ac)2 . The findings may contribute to shedding light on understanding the adverse effects on gastrointestinal tract and gut microbiota of Pb-PNPs.

Rational design of MoS2-supported Cu single-atom catalysts by machine learning potential for enhanced peroxidase-like activity.

Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (2D-MoS2)-supported single atom nanomaterials with enhanced enzyme-like activities are potential substitutes for natural enzymes due to their huge specific surface areas, ease of decoration, high catalytic activity and high catalytic stability. However, their catalytic mechanism remains unclear, making the rational design of nanozymes difficult to achieve. Herein, the mechanisms have been explored to enhance the peroxidase-like activity of MoS2 for H2O2 decomposition. Global neutral network (G-NN) potentials were constructed to accurately and quickly illustrate the mechanisms of MoS2 catalysts and their surface modifications. The high peroxidase-like activity of the MoS2-supported Cu single atom catalyst with sulfur vacancy (Cu@MoS2-Vs) in acidic conditions was systematically evaluated using the trained G-NN potential and density functional theory (DFT), as well as experimental validation. Further analysis of the geometric and electronic properties of pivotal stationary structures revealed the enhanced electron transfer process for high catalytic performance with the modulation of the Cu single atom loading, sulfur vacancy engineering and the surrounding acidic and alkaline environment regulation on the MoS2 basal plane. The results also showed that Cu@MoS2-Vs in an acidic environment exhibited the highest peroxidase-like activity. This work is expected to provide broad implications for the rational design of substrate-supported single-atom catalysts with superior performance and lower cost by surface modification and acidic and alkaline environment regulation.

Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly Strategy-Activated Cu Single-Atom Nanozymes for Catalytic Tumor-Specific Therapy.

How to optimize the enzyme-like catalytic activity of nanozymes to improve their applicability has become a great challenge. Herein, we present an l-cysteine (l-Cys) coordination-driven self-assembly strategy to activate polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-modified Cu single-atom nanozymes MoOx-Cu-Cys (denoted as MCCP SAzymes) aiming at catalytic tumor-specific therapy. The Cu single atom content of MCCP can be rationally modulated to 10.10 wt %, which activates the catalase (CAT)-like activity of MoOx nanoparticles to catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 in acidic microenvironments to increase O2 production. Excitingly, the maximized CAT-like catalytic efficiency of MCCP is 138-fold higher than that of typical MnO2 nanozymes and exhibits 14.3-fold higher affinity than natural catalase, as demonstrated by steady-state kinetics. We verify that the well-defined l-Cys-Cu···O active sites optimize CAT-like activity to match the active sites of natural catalase through an l-Cys bridge-accelerated electron transfer from Cys-Cu to MoOx disclosed by density functional theory calculations. Simultaneously, the high loading Cu single atoms in MCCP also enable generation of •OH via a Fenton-like reaction. Moreover, under X-ray irradiation, MCCP converts O2 to 1O2 for cascading radiodynamic therapy, thereby facilitating the multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS) for radiosensitization to achieve substantial antitumor.

The effect of voluntary versus compulsory preventive behavior on consumer adaptation during COVID-19.

Consumers have been taking various preventive measures during COVID-19. We propose that people who take voluntary (vs. compulsory) preventive actions are better able to adapt to different aspects of life changes. In four studies, we demonstrate that voluntary preventive measures have a positive effect on consumers' adaptation to work, social relationships, interest in hobbies, and other consumption aspects. Because voluntary behavior promotes autonomy, we also manipulate consumers' autonomous motivation and find that feeling autonomous increases consumers' intention to take prevention and pursue adaptation. Moreover, we manipulate consumer self-efficacy and find that it improves consumer safety behavior and adaptation.

Ag-Activated Metal-Organic Framework with Peroxidase-like Activity Synergistic Ag+ Release for Safe Bacterial Eradication and Wound Healing.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), a commonly used antibacterial nanomaterial, exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activity to combat drug-resistant bacteria. However, the Ag NPs often causes a low availability and high toxicity to living bodies due to their easy aggregation and uncontrolled release of Ag+ in the bacterial microenvironment. Here, we report a porous metal-organic framework (MOF)-based Zr-2-amin-1,4-NH2-benzenedicarboxylate@Ag (denoted as UiO-66-NH2-Ag) nanocomposite using an in-situ immobilization strategy where Ag NPs were fixed on the UiO-66-NH2 for improving the dispersion and utilization of Ag NPs. As a result, the reduced use dose of Ag NPs largely improves the biosafety of the UiO-66-NH2-Ag. Meanwhile, after activation by the Ag NPs, the UiO-66-NH2-Ag can act as nanozyme with high peroxidase (POD)-like activity to efficiently catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 to extremely toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in the bacterial microenvironment. Simultaneously, the high POD-like activity synergies with the controllable Ag+ release leads to enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, facilitating the death of resistant bacteria. This synergistic antibacterial strategy enables the low concentration (12 µg/mL) of UiO-66-NH2-Ag to achieve highly efficient inactivation of ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli (AmprE. coli) and endospore-forming Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). In vivo results illustrate that the UiO-66-NH2-Ag nanozyme has a safe and accelerated bacteria-infected wound healing.

Biodegradable MoO x @MB incorporated hydrogel as light-activated dressing for rapid and safe bacteria eradication and wound healing.

Wounds infected with drug-resistant bacteria are hard to treat, which remains a serious problem in clinical practice. An innovative strategy for treating wound infections is thus imperative. Herein, we describe the construction of a nanocomposite from biocompatible poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel loaded biodegradable MoO x nanoparticles (NPs) and photosensitizer methylene blue (MB), denoted as MoO x @MB-hy. By incorporating MoO x @MB NPs, the nanocomposite hydrogel can act as a photoactivated wound dressing for near-infrared-II 1064 nm and 660 nm laser synergetic photothermal-photodynamic therapy (PTT-PDT). The key to PTT-induced heat becomes the most controllable release of MB from MoO x @MB-hy to produce more 1O2 under 660 nm irradiation. Importantly, MoO x @MB-hy can consume glutathione (GSH) and trap bacteria nearer to the distance limit of ROS damage to achieve a self-migration-enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby conquering the intrinsic shortcomings of short diffusion distance and lifetime of ROS. Consequently, MoO x @MB-hy has high antibacterial efficiencies of 99.28% and 99.16% against Ampr E. coli and B. subtilis within 15 min. Moreover, the light-activated strategy can rapidly promote healing in wounds infected by drug-resistant bacteria. This work paves a way to design a novel nanocomposite hydrogel dressing for safe and highly-efficient antibacterial therapy.

A Copper Peroxide Fenton Nanoagent-Hydrogel as an In Situ pH-Responsive Wound Dressing for Effectively Trapping and Eliminating Bacteria.

Bacterial infection has been a great threat to wounds due to the abuse of antibiotics and drug resistance. Elaborately constructing an efficient antibacterial strategy for accelerated healing of bacteria-infected wounds is of great importance. Herein, we develop a transferrin-conjugated copper peroxide nanoparticle-hydrogel (denoted as CP@Tf-hy) wound dressing with no toxicity to mammalian cells at a test dosage. When exposed to an initial acidic wound environment, the CP@Tf-hy simultaneously displays in situ self-supplied H2O2 and pH-responsive release of Fenton catalytic copper ions accompanied by highly toxic hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Meanwhile, the positively charged CP@Tf-hy can efficiently trap and restrain negatively charged bacteria to the range of •OH destruction to greatly overcome its intrinsic disadvantages of short life and diffusion distance. Importantly, the CP@Tf-hy consumes the bacterial overexpressed antioxidant glutathione while boosting Fenton catalytic copper(I) ions to generate more •OH. The synergistic effects of the enhanced Fenton reaction, responsive copper ion release, and bacterial trapping can achieve high bacterial elimination efficacy (7 log reduction). In vivo investigations demonstrate that the porous CP@Tf-hy significantly promotes hemostasis, cell proliferation, and migration of the wound, consequently accelerating bacteria-infected wound healing. The safe, low-cost, and all-in-one CP@Tf-hy holds great prospects as an antibacterial dressing for rapid resistant bacteria-infected purulent wound healing.

MOF-derived electrochemical catalyst Cu-N/C for the enhancement of amperometric oxygen detection.

Electrochemical sensors using ionic liquids as electrolytes for oxygen detection are now getting more and more attention. Recently, an ionic liquid combined with an electrochemically active catalyst system has become popular for boosting the sensing performance of oxygen sensors. In this work, the imidazolyl-based ionic liquid 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazole bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide [Bmmim][TFSI] is first prepared by a facile two-step method. Subsequently, a transition metal and N-codoped porous carbon oxygen reduction electrochemical catalyst Cu-N/C is synthesized by calcining the Cu-doped ZIF-8 precursor and then blending it in different ratios with the ionic liquid [Bmmim][TFSI] as composite electrolytes for oxygen detection. The composite electrolyte Cu-N/C/[Bmmim][TFSI] exhibits increased responses in cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) relative to that of the pure ionic liquid. Furthermore, the CV and CA data show that 6% Cu-N/C/[Bmmim][TFSI] has the optimum oxygen sensing response with an enhanced reduction peak current, a sensitivity of 0.1678 µA/[% O2] and a good linear fitting coefficient of 0.9991. In conclusion, the results confirm the success of using Cu-N/C as an electrochemical catalyst composed of the Cu-N/C/[Bmmim][TFSI] electrolyte for improving the responsivity, stability and sensitivity towards a wide range of oxygen concentrations.

Intercalation-Activated Layered MoO3 Nanobelts as Biodegradable Nanozymes for Tumor-Specific Photo-Enhanced Catalytic Therapy.

The existence of natural van der Waals gaps in layered materials allows them to be easily intercalated with varying guest species, offering an appealing strategy to optimize their physicochemical properties and application performance. Herein, we report the activation of layered MoO3 nanobelts via aqueous intercalation as an efficient biodegradable nanozyme for tumor-specific photo-enhanced catalytic therapy. The long MoO3 nanobelts are grinded and then intercalated with Na+ and H2 O to obtain the short Na+ /H2 O co-intercalated MoO3-x (NH-MoO3-x ) nanobelts. In contrast to the inert MoO3 nanobelts, the NH-MoO3-x nanobelts exhibit excellent enzyme-mimicking catalytic activity for generation of reactive oxygen species, which can be further enhanced by the photothermal effect under a 1064 nm laser irradiation. Thus, after bovine serum albumin modification, the NH-MoO3-x nanobelts can efficiently kill cancer cells in vitro and eliminate tumors in vivo facilitating with 1064 nm laser irradiation.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Quantitative Analysis of Ethanol Drop-Coating Silver Nanocubes on Gold Film.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been a sensitive tool for the accurate detection and analysis of a wide range of molecules. In the present study, a simple and repeatable approach is developed for the fabrication of a silver nanocubes/polyelectrolyte/gold film (Ag nanocubes/PE/Au film) sandwich structure as SERS substrate. An ethanol-water mixture, instead of pure water, is used as solvent to reduce the coffee ring effect by the drop coating deposition method, such that Ag nanocubes are distributed evenly on the gold film surface with polyelectrolyte as the middle layer. In 15 repeated measurements of a 10-7 M rhodamine 6G solution, the intensity of the Raman peak at 609 cm-1 exhibits a relative standard deviation less than 20%. Significantly, the sandwich substrate exhibits excellent point-to-point repeatability and sample to sample reproducibility, and may be used for real-life quantitative analysis, as demonstrated by the rapid diagnosis of dual analytes of rhodamine 6G and crystal violet.

Bi3+-Doped BaYF5:Yb,Er Upconversion Nanoparticles with Enhanced Luminescence and Application Case for X-ray Computed Tomography Imaging.

In this work, BaYF5:20%Yb3+/2%Er3+/x%Bi3+ (abbreviated as BaYF5:Yb,Er,Bix, where x = 0-3.0) upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with various doping concentrations of Bi3+ were synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method. The influence of the doping amount of Bi3+ on the microstructures and upconversion luminescence (UCL) properties of the BaYF5:Yb,Er,Bix UCNPs was studied in detail. The doping concentration of Bi3+ has little influence on the microstructures of the UCNPs but significantly impacts their UCL intensities. Under excitation of a 980 nm near-IR laser, the observed UCL intensities for the BaYF5:Yb,Er,Bix UCNPs display first an increasing trend and then a decreasing trend with an increase in the ratio x, giving a maximum at x = 2.5. A possible energy-transfer process and simplified energy levels of the BaYF5:Yb,Er,Bix UCNPs were proposed. The potential of the BaYF5:Yb,Er,Bix UCNPs as contrast agents for computerized tomography (CT) imaging was successfully demonstrated. An obvious accumulation of BaYF5:Yb,Er,Bix in tumor sites was achieved because of high passive targeting by the enhanced permeability and retention effect and relatively low uptake by a reticuloendothelial system such as liver and spleen. This work paves a new route for the design of luminescence-enhanced UNCPs as promising bioimaging agents for cancer theranostics.

Suppressing the Radiation-Induced Corrosion of Bismuth Nanoparticles for Enhanced Synergistic Cancer Radiophototherapy.

The level of tumor killing by bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) as radiosensitizers depends strongly on the powerful particle-matter interaction. However, this same radiation leads to the structural damage in BiNPs, consequently weakening their specific physicochemical properties for radiosensitization. Herein, we studied the radiation-induced corrosion behavior of BiNPs and demonstrated that these damages were manifested by the change in their morphology and crystal structure as well as self-oxidation at their surface. Furthermore, artificial heterostructures were created with graphene nanosheets to greatly suppress the radiation-induced corrosion in BiNPs and enhance their radiocatalytic activity for radiotherapy enhancement. Such a nanocomposite allows the accumulation of overexpressed glutathione, a natural hole scavenger, at the reaction interfaces. This enables the rapid removal of radiogenerated holes from the surface of BiNPs and minimizes the self-radiooxidation, therefore resulting in an efficient suppression of radiation corrosion and a decrease of the depletion of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, the radioexcited conduction band electrons react with the high-level H2O2 within cancer cells to yield more ROS, and the secondary electrons are trapped by H2O molecules to produce hydrated electrons capable of reducing a highly oxidized species such as cytochrome c. These radiochemical reactions together with hyperthermia can regulate the tumor microenvironment and accelerate the onset of cellular redox disequilibrium, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage, finally triggering tumor apoptosis and death. The current work will shed light on radiosensitizers with an enhanced corrosion resistance for controllable and synergistic radio-phototherapeutics.

Stimuli-Responsive Small-on-Large Nanoradiosensitizer for Enhanced Tumor Penetration and Radiotherapy Sensitization.

Development of an efficient nanoradiosensitization system that enhances the radiation doses in cancer cells to sensitize radiotherapy (RT) while sparing normal tissues is highly desirable. Here, we construct a tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive disassembled small-on-large molybdenum disulfide/hafnium dioxide (MoS2/HfO2) dextran (M/H-D) nanoradiosensitizer. The M/H-D can degrade and release the HfO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in TME to enhance tumor penetration of the HfO2 NPs upon near-infrared (NIR) exposure, which can solve the bottleneck of insufficient internalization of the HfO2 NPs. Simultaneously, the NIR photothermal therapy increased peroxidase-like catalytic efficiency of the M/H-D nanoradiosensitizer in TME, which selectively catalyzed intratumorally overexpressed H2O2 into highly oxidized hydroxyl radicals (·OH). The heat induced by PTT also relieved the intratumoral hypoxia to sensitize RT. Consequently, this TME-responsive precise nanoradiosensitization achieved improved irradiation effectiveness, potent oxygenation in tumor, and efficient suppression to tumor, which can be real-time monitored by computed tomography and photoacoustic imaging.

Liquid-Phase Exfoliation and Functionalization of MoS2 Nanosheets for Effective Antibacterial Application.

A lysozyme (Lys)-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation technique was designed to synthesize MoS2 nanosheets (MoS2 -Lys NSs). As a novel nanozyme antibacterial agent with high peroxidase-like catalyst activity, MoS2 -Lys NSs showed good antibacterial efficacy against both Gram-negative ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli (Ampr E. coli) and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis. A possible antibacterial mechanism is also proposed. This work provides an effective antibacterial strategy based on the MoS2 -Lys NSs antibacterial agent.

A two-step gas/liquid strategy for the production of N-doped defect-rich transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets and their antibacterial applications.

Herein, we developed a general two-step gas expansion and exfoliation strategy based on a urea-assisted hydrothermal process combined with sonication exfoliation for the production of nitrogen (N)-doped plus defect-rich transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheets (NSs) such as N-MoS2 and N-WS2 NSs. The interlayers of bulk MoS2 (or WS2) were expanded with urea molecules dissolved in distilled water, which were decomposed to NH3 during the hydrothermal process. Simultaneously, sulfur atoms were partly replaced by N atoms to achieve N doping. Subsequently, sonication exfoliation of the urea-treated bulk MoS2 (or WS2) promoted the production of defect-rich NSs. Importantly, the defect-rich N-MoS2 and N-WS2 NSs exhibit enhanced peroxidase-like catalytic activity after being captured by bacteria, and can catalyze hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce more toxic hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) than non-N-doped MoS2 or WS2 NSs. As a result, the N-MoS2 or N-WS2 NSs were capable of effectively killing Gram-negative ampicillin resistant Escherichia coli (AmprE. coli) and Gram-positive endospore-forming Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and promoting bacteria-infected wound healing. This work not only provides a simple, universal exfoliation strategy for producing defect-rich N-doped TMD NSs but also provides a promising catalytic antibacterial option and has potential for many other catalytic applications.

A Bi2S3@mSiO2@Ag nanocomposite for enhanced CT visualization and antibacterial response in the gastrointestinal tract.

The non-invasive imaging of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is highly desired for clinical research due to the various GI tract bacterial infection-induced diseases. To treat GI tract infections, various antibiotics have been used in the clinic. The growing problem of multidrug-resistant bacteria calls for effective antibiotic alternatives. Here, we construct a dual-functional Bi2S3@mSiO2@Ag nanocomposite for simultaneous enhanced X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging and efficient antibacterial activity in the GI tract. The nanocomposite also has good stability, low cytotoxicity, and negligible hemolysis. Moreover, the investigation of the long-term toxicity and biodistribution of the Bi2S3@mSiO2@Ag nanocomposite after oral administration confirms its safety at the tested dosage. In particular, Ag nanoparticles (NPs) well dispersed on a silica substrate can reduce the antibacterial dosage and enhance the antibacterial activity of the Bi2S3@mSiO2@Ag nanocomposite. Furthermore, we have established bacterially infected enteritis animal models to confirm the antibacterial ability of the nanocomposite. This work opens up a new avenue for the design of a nanotheranostic agent that acts as both a contrast agent for the enhanced visualization of the GI tract and an antibacterial agent as an alternative to antibiotics.

Ionic liquid combined with NiCo2O4/rGO enhances electrochemical oxygen sensing.

Ionic liquids are promising electrolytes for electrochemical gas sensors that have unique physicochemical properties such as negligible vapor pressure and high thermal stability. The modification of ionic liquid (IL) by combining metal oxide with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is an effective method to improve its gas-sensing properties. In this study, the mesoporous structure of NiCo2O4/rGO is synthesized by simple one-step method, and the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6]) is mixed with it to form the composite material NiCo2O4/rGO/[BMIM][PF6]. Electrochemical test results indicate that the three electrolytes exhibit response current and long-term stability in the oxygen environment. The oxygen sensor based on NiCo2O4/rGO/[BMIM][PF6] significantly improves the response current and working stability of pure ionic liquid. The sensitivity of the sensor is 0.1087 µA/[%O2], and the linear regression coefficient of the reduction peak current calibration curve is 0.9995. After continuous cyclic voltammetry, the reduction peak current remains at 90% of the initial current value. The interaction of IL and NiCo2O4/rGO significantly enhances electrochemical oxygen sensing performance.

Two-dimensional nanomaterials beyond graphene for antibacterial applications: current progress and future perspectives.

The marked augment of drug-resistance to traditional antibiotics underlines the crying need for novel replaceable antibacterials. Research advances have revealed the considerable sterilization potential of two-dimension graphene-based nanomaterials. Subsequently, two-dimensional nanomaterials beyond graphene (2D NBG) as novel antibacterials have also demonstrated their power for disinfection due to their unique physicochemical properties and good biocompatibility. Therefore, the exploration of antibacterial mechanisms of 2D NBG is vital to manipulate antibacterials for future applications. Herein, we summarize the recent research progress of 2D NBG-based antibacterial agents, starting with a detailed introduction of the relevant antibacterial mechanisms, including direct contact destruction, oxidative stress, photo-induced antibacterial, control drug/metallic ions releasing, and the multi-mode synergistic antibacterial. Then, the effect of the physicochemical properties of 2D NBG on their antibacterial activities is also discussed. Additionally, a summary of the different kinds of 2D NBG is given, such as transition-metal dichalcogenides/oxides, metal-based compounds, nitride-based nanomaterials, black phosphorus, transition metal carbides, and nitrides. Finally, we rationally analyze the current challenges and new perspectives for future study of more effective antibacterial agents. This review not only can help researchers grasp the current status of 2D NBG antibacterials, but also may catalyze breakthroughs in this fast-growing field.