RESUMEN
In this study it was aimed to investigate the treatability of cefoperazone with new generation Sb-doped SnO2-Ni anodes. For this purpose, it was studied with Sn/Sb/Ni: 500/8/1 anodes for the oxidation of aqueous solution containing cefoperazone antibiotic by addition of different types of electrolyte. Potassium chloride was found as the best electrolyte type affecting the electrochemical reactions positively even at lower concentrations (750 mg/L-1). At pH 8 the best results were obtained, which is the neutral pH value of the aqueous solution. 50 mA/cm2 was found as the best value for current density parameter, providing full mineralization just after 60 min of reaction. The removal efficiencies increased generally with the increase of current density, because active oxidants occur increasingly at higher current values. According to the results of the study it was seen that, electrochemical oxidation processes with Sn/Sb/Ni-Ti anodes could be carried out efficiently without need adding extra electrolyte (salt) and pH adjustment step for real wastewaters containing antibiotics. Thus, it was found an easy and economic way to perform electrochemical oxidation with Sn/Sb/Ni-Ti anodes for the wastewaters containing cefoperazone antibiotics.
Asunto(s)
Cefoperazona , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Antibacterianos , Electrodos , Oxidación-Reducción , Titanio , Aguas ResidualesRESUMEN
In this study, it is aimed to investigate the potential of electrodialysis bipolar membrane (EDBM) systems for the recovery of the concentrate originating from an organized industrial estate (OIE) wastewater treatment system with reverse osmosis (RO). Acids and bases were obtained from a pilot-scale treatment plant as a result of the research. Furthermore, the sustainability and affordability of acids and bases obtained by EDBM systems were investigated. Six cycles were carried out in continuous-flow mode with the EDBM system as batch cycles in the disposal of the concentrate and the production of acids and bases with the EDBM system. For each cycle, the EDBM system was operated for 66, 48, 66, and 80 min, respectively, and the last two cycles were operated for a total of 165 min (70 + 90) with 5 min of waiting. In the EDBM system, a working method was determined such that the cycle flow rate was 180 L/hour, energy to be given to the system was 25 V, and the working pressure was in the range of 0.8-2.5 bar. In the six cycles with the EDBM system, the concentrate, acid and base, conductivity, pH, and pressure increase values were investigated depending on time. Throughout all these studies, the cycles were continued over the products formed in the acid and base chamber. As a result of all the cycles, acid (HCl) production at a level of 1.44% and base (NaOH) production at a level of 2% were obtained.
RESUMEN
In this study, the acute toxicities of raw, physicochemical pre-treated, ozonated, and Fenton reagent applied samples of dairy wastewater toward activated sludge microorganisms, evaluated using the International Organization for Standardization's respiration inhibition test (ISO 8192), are presented. Five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) was measured to determine the biodegradability of physicochemical treatment, ozonation, Fenton oxidation or no treatment (raw samples) of dairy wastewater. Chemical pretreatment positively affected biodegradability, and the inhibition exhibited by activated sludge was removed to a considerable degree. Ozonation and the Fenton process exhibited good chemical oxygen demand removal (61%) and removal of toxins. Low sludge production was observed for the Fenton process applied to dairy effluents. We did not determine the inhibitory effect of the Fenton-process on the activated sludge mixture. The pollutant-removal efficiencies of the applied processes and their associated operating costs were determined.
Asunto(s)
Fenómenos Químicos , Oxidación-Reducción , Aguas del Alcantarillado/química , Pruebas de Toxicidad Aguda/métodos , Biodegradación Ambiental , Análisis de la Demanda Biológica de Oxígeno , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Hierro/química , Aguas del Alcantarillado/microbiología , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodosRESUMEN
In this paper, the results of olive oil mill wastewater (OOMW) using physicochemical pre-treatment and Fenton and Fenton-like processes are presented. On the other hand, acute toxicities of raw, physicochemical pre-treated, and Fenton and Fenton-like oxidations applied samples of OOMW on activated sludge microorganisms using respiration inhibition test (ISO 8192) are presented. Chemical pre-treatment (acid cracking and coagulation-flocculation) positively affected the biodegradability and inhibition on activated sludge was considerably removed (>67% COD and >72% total-phenol removal). Fenton and Fenton-like processes showed high COD (>80%) and total-phenol (>85%) removal performance on evaluated effluents. Inhibitory effect of Fenton-like reagents applied samples on activated sludge mixture was considerably removed. In addition to the toxicity, total-phenol and COD removal efficiencies of applied processes, their associated operating costs were also determined in this paper.
Asunto(s)
Industria de Alimentos , Residuos Industriales , Aceites de Plantas , Aceite de Oliva , Oxidación-Reducción , Aguas del Alcantarillado/microbiologíaRESUMEN
The aim of this research was to expose individual removals of copper, chromium, nickel, and lead from aqueous solutions via biosorption using nonliving algae species, Chara sp. and Cladophora sp. Optimum pH values for biosorption of copper (II), chromium (III), nickel (II), and lead (II) from aqueous solutions were determined to be 6, 7, 7, and 3 for Cladophora sp. and 5, 3, 5, and 4 for Chara sp. respectively. Maximum adsorption capacities of Chara sp. [10.54 for chromium (III) and 61.72 for lead (II)] and Cladophora sp. [6.59 for chromium (III) and 16.75 and 23.25 for lead (II)] for chromium (III) and lead (II) are similar. On the other hand, copper (II) and nickel (II) biosorption capacity of Cladophora sp. [14.28 for copper (II) and 16.75 for nickel (II)] is greater than Chara sp. [6.506 for copper (II) and 11.76 for nickel (II)]. Significantly high correlation coefficients indicated for the Langmuir adsorption isotherm models can be used to describe the equilibrium behavior of copper, chromium, nickel, and lead adsorption onto Cladophora sp. and Chara sp.