Propafenone hepatotoxicity: report of a new case and review of the literature.

Propafenone is a class Ic antiarrhythmic drug. It is a beta-adrenergic blocker that causes bradycardia and bronchospasm. It is metabolized primarily in the liver. Its bioavailability and plasma concentration differ among patients under long-term therapy. They are genetically determined by the hepatic cytochrome P-450 2D6. Hepatic toxicity is highly uncommon. To date, only eight patients were reported in the reviewed world literature. In this article, one new case will be reported emphasizing the importance of medication history taking in patients presenting with new-onset liver enzymes abnormalities.

Endoscopy in the patient on antithrombotic therapy.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The management of antithrombotics during the periendoscopic period is a common clinical problem. This review focuses on recent literature addressing this issue, primarily on articles published from 2009 to 2012. RECENT FINDINGS: A large proportion of the studies retrieved focused on the effect of antithrombotics on bleeding risk following diagnostic endoscopy, polypectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection, and submucosal dissection, whereas studies involving other endoscopic procedures were scarce. Recent American and European guidelines direct the management of antithrombotic therapy in patients undergoing endoscopy according to the procedure's risk of bleeding and the patient's thromboembolic risk. The difficulty in determining a priori the need for endotherapy and hence appropriate classification of risk of bleeding prior to the procedure is a potential limitation of such classification. Moreover, most studies have primarily addressed the risk of immediate or early bleeding by proposing interruption of antithrombotic therapy prior to endotherapy, and few have focused on the risk of delayed bleeding and the optimal time for resumption of these agents following high-risk procedures. SUMMARY: Management of patients on antithrombotics remains complex, especially in high-risk settings. Existing guidelines are valuable but should not be a substitute for a careful personalized risk assessment strategy involving patient and physician.