Death-Associated Protein-1 Plays a Role in the Reproductive Development of Nilaparvata lugens and the Transovarial Transmission of Its Yeast-Like Symbiont.

Death-associated protein-1 (DAP-1) plays a crucial role in cell growth, migration, autophagy, and apoptosis in mammals. However, its function in insects remains unclear. In the present study, we cloned and identified Nilaparvata lugens DAP-1 (NlDAP-1). NlDAP-1 was expressed during all developmental stages and in all tissues of N. lugens, being particularly higher in the ovaries of female adults. RNAi with double-stranded NlDAP-1 RNA significantly inhibited the expression of NlDAP-1, leading to premature death (dying seven days earlier), delayed ovarian development, and fewer offspring (76.7% reduction in eggs with 77.4% reduction in egg hatching rate). Additionally, an immunofluorescence experiment showed that NlDAP-1 was highly expressed when yeast-like symbionts (YLSs) entered N. lugens oocytes, and inhibiting the expression of NlDAP-1 disturbed the process; the RNAi of NlDAP-1 caused a 34.9% reduction in the YLSs that entered oocytes. These results indicate that NlDAP-1 plays a crucial role in the reproductive development of N. lugens and the transovarial transmission of its YLSs.

A multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase â ¢ study evaluating the efficacy and safety of Xeligekimab (GR1501) in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

BACKGROUND: Xeligekimab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that selectively neutralizes IL-17A and had shown potential efficacy in preliminary trials. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xeligekimab in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. METHODS: A total of 420 Chinese patients were randomized to 200 mg Xeligekimab every 2 weeks (n = 281) or placebo (n = 139) for the first 12 weeks, followed by extending the treatment schedule to GR1501 every 4 weeks for further 40 weeks. Efficacy was assessed by evaluating the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) 0/1 and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75/90/100 improvement. The safety profile was also evaluated. RESULTS: At week 12, The PASI 75/90/100 were achieved in 90.7%/74.4%/30.2%% patients in GR1501 group compared with 8.6%/1.4%/0% patients in placebo group, respectively. The PGA 0/1 were achieved in 74.4% patients of GR1501 group and 3.6% patients in placebo group, respectively. The PASI 75 and PGA 0/1 maintained until week 52. No unexpected adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION: Xeligekimab showed high efficacy and is well tolerated in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Cultural threads in writing mastery: a structural analysis of perfectionism, learning self-efficacy, and motivation as mediated by self-reflection in Chinese EFL learners.

BACKGROUND: The study explores language acquisition in Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education, where English proficiency is crucial for global opportunities. As China gains prominence, the demand for English skills rises beyond communication to include academic and business success. The Chinese education system emphasizes proficient English writing for further education and professional achievement. This research investigates the complex linguistic context for EFL learners in China, analyzing the intersection of psychological factors, cultural nuances, varied pedagogy, and individual experiences. METHODS: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is utilized for analysis, enabling the creation of a metric set to explore intangibles such as perfectionism, learning self-efficacy, motivation, study habits, cultural influences, and introspection. The research utilizes a diverse sample from multiple universities across different regions of China, incorporating demographic factors to encompass the varied characteristics within the EFL learner community. RESULTS: Results reveal that perfectionism (ß = 0.30, p < 0.001), learning self-efficacy (ß = 0.25, p = 0.005), motivation (ß = 0.35, p < 0.001), study habits (ß = 0.20, p = 0.01), and self-reflection (ß = 0.28, p < 0.001) significantly predict writing proficiency. Cultural effects (Beta = 0.15, p = 0.05) show a statistically significant, albeit minimal, impact. Mediation-moderation analysis underscores perfectionism as a mediator (Beta = 0.25, p = 0.005), emphasizing its influence on other predictors. Cultural factors act as moderators (Beta = 0.15, p = 0.01), shaping the link between predictors and writing skills. The combined mediation and moderation effects on writing proficiency are positively significant (Beta = 0.20, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: This study makes a significant theoretical contribution, enhancing existing models and providing practical insights for EFL educators and policymakers. Emphasizing the intricate relationship between psychological factors and cultural dynamics underscores the necessity for a sophisticated, culturally sensitive approach to language acquisition in Chinese EFL instruction. Beyond language skills, the research recognizes the importance of fostering a conducive environment that encourages personal development, socio-cultural awareness, and a holistic learning approach.

Relationship between bullous pemphigoid and malignancy: A Mendelian randomization study.

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune blistering disease, which primarily affects the elderly. However, the relationship between BP and malignancy remains controversial in traditional observational studies. The aim of this study, which included only European populations, was to assess the potential causative link between BP and 13 types of malignant tumors in a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. BP was not associated with an increased risk of developing 13 types of malignant tumors. This study did not find a causal relationship between BP and malignant tumors. However, further research is warranted to examine the generalizability of this conclusion in non-European populations.

LSD1 interacting with HSP90 promotes skin wound healing by inducing metabolic reprogramming of hair follicle stem cells through the c-MYC/LDHA axis.

It has been demonstrated that hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) can contribute to wound closure and repair. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear due to the complexity of the wound repair process. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), an important gene for the regulation of stem cell differentiation, has been reported to participate in wound healing regulation. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a chaperone protein, is recently discovered to be a driver gene for wound healing. This study explored the molecular mechanisms by which the binding between LSD1 and HSP90 affects the role of HFSCs during skin wound healing. Following bioinformatics analysis, the key genes acting on HFSCs were identified. The expression of LSD1, HSP90, and c-MYC was found to be upregulated in differentiated HFSCs. Analysis of their binding affinity revealed that LSD1 interacted with HSP90 to enhance the stability of the transcription factor c-MYC. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) has been documented to be essential for HFSC activation. Therefore, we speculate that LDHA may induce the differentiation of HFSCs through glucose metabolism reprogramming. The results showed that c-MYC activated LDHA activity to promote glycolytic metabolism, proliferation, and differentiation of HFSCs. Finally, in vivo animal experiments further confirmed that LSD1 induced skin wound healing in mice via the HSP90/c-MYC/LDHA axis. From our data, we conclude that LSD1 interacting with HSP90 accelerates skin wound healing by inducing HFSC glycolytic metabolism, proliferation, and differentiation via c-MYC/LDHA axis.

CPR5 positively regulates pattern-triggered immunity via a mediator protein.

Plant cells possess a two-layered immune system consisting of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), mediated by cell surface pattern-recognition receptors and intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs), respectively. The CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION OF PR GENES 5 (CPR5) nuclear pore complex protein negatively regulates ETI, including ETI-associated hypersensitive response. Here, we show that CPR5 is essential for the activation of various PTI responses in Arabidopsis, such as resistance to the non-adapted bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 hrcC- . In a forward-genetic screen for suppressors of cpr5, we identified the mediator protein MED4. Mutation of MED4 in cpr5 greatly restored the defective PTI of cpr5. Our findings reveal that CPR5 plays opposite roles in regulating PTI and ETI, and genetically regulates PTI via MED4.

M1 macrophages may be effective adjuvants for promoting Th­17 differentiation in HBeAg positive hepatitis patients with ALT ≤2ULN.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can activate macrophages to accelerate liver disease progression, including inflammation and fibrosis. However, the exact mechanism remains undetermined. The present study assessed the effects of macrophage polarization and the related cytokines on Th­17 differentiation in HBeAg positive individuals with a HBV infection, and also evaluated the potential association of Th­17 cell frequency with the severity of liver injury. A cross­sectional study design was used to collect the clinical parameters, blood samples and liver tissue samples of patients with alanine transaminase £2x upper limit of normal and confirmed hepatitis B who underwent liver puncture in Qishan Hospital between January 2019­December 2021. Macrophage and Th­17 cell related factors were assayed using ELISA. The expression and quantification of cell surface antigen and intracellular markers in cells were assessed using flow cytometry. Pathological staining, including hematoxylin and eosin, reticular fiber staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to assess inflammation and fibrosis in the liver tissue. In the peripheral blood of patients with HBV infection, the number of CD14+ macrophages was significantly increased compared with the healthy control, especially in the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive group. CD14+ macrophages were predominantly of the M1 type based on the assessment of the phenotype using flow cytometry and cytokine secretion. Furthermore, the percentage of M1 phenotype and related cytokines were positively correlated with Th­17 differentiation. IL­17A secreted by Th­17 was positively correlated with the degree of liver inflammation and fibrosis, as well as with the severity of liver disease, which indicated that the differentiation of Th­17 may be involved in the progression of liver disease. HBeAg may promote Th­17 differentiation and IL­17A production by M1 macrophages to accelerate the pathogenesis of liver inflammation and fibrosis in CHB patients.

Molecular Characterization and RNA Interference Analysis of SLC26A10 From Nilaparvata lugens (Stål).

SLC26A10 is a member of the SLC26 gene family, but its role in insects is still unclear. We cloned the SLC26A10 gene of Nilaparvata lugens (NlSLC26A10) and found NlSLC26A10 contained 11 transmembrane regions and a STAS domain. Expression pattern analysis showed NlSLC26A10 expression was more upregulated in adults than in nymphs, highest in the ovary. After injection of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of NlSLC26A10, the mRNA level of NlSLC26A10 significantly decreased and, consequently, the ovarian development of adult females was hindered; the amount and the hatchability of eggs and yeast-like symbionts in mature oocytes decreased. Further study showed that NlSLC26A10 might result in decreased juvenile hormone level and vitellogenin expression. These results indicate that NlSLC26A10 plays an essential role in the reproduction of N. lugens.

Development and validation of the psoriasis scale among the system of quality of life instruments for chronic diseases QLICD-PS (V2.0).

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Psoriasis (PS) is difficult to cure with a high incidence. Therefore, the quality of life (QOL) of people with Psoriasis has caused widespread concern. Universal scales respond poorly to subtle changes caused by specific diseases, which makes it challenging to fully understand the impact of QOL in patients with psoriasis. In view of the deficiencies of the universal scale and the lack of a specific scale suitable for Chinese cultural background, this study aims to develop the psoriasis scale among the system of QOL instruments for chronic diseases QLICD-PS (V2.0). METHODS: The scale QLICD-PS (V2.0) was developed based on the procedural decision-making approach and the experience of establishing scales at home and abroad. 122 patients with psoriasis were participated in measuring QOL 3 times before and after treatments. The reliability was assessed by test-retest reliability (Pearson's correlation coefficients) and also internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficients). Qualitative analysis was adopted to evaluate content validity; item-domain correlation analysis, multi-dimensional scaling analysis, and factor analysis were adopted to evaluate the construct validity; the SF-36 scale was used as the criterion to evaluate the criterion-related validity due to lack of gold standard. Paired t tests were performed to evaluate the responsiveness on each domain/facet as well as the total of the scale, with Standardized Response Mean (SRM) being calculated. RESULTS: The QLICD-PS was composed of the general module including 3 domains (28 items) and the psoriasis specific module (13 items). The Cronbach's α of the specific module, the general module and the total scale of the QLICD-PS was 0.78, 0.87 and 0.74 respectively, the split-half reliability of the specific module, the general module and the total scale was 0.81, 0.91 and 0.81, respectively, both indicating high reliability. Correlation and factor analysis confirmed good construct validity and criterion-related validity. After treatments, the score changes in the total scale were statistically significant with SRM being 0.5, showing moderate responsiveness. CONCLUSION: As the first psoriasis-specific QOL scale developed by the modular approach in Chinese, the QLICD-PS showed good reliability, validity and responsiveness, and could be used to measure the QOL of Patients with psoriasis specifically and sufficiently.

Inter-Alpha-Trypsin Inhibitor Heavy Chain 4 Plays an Important Role in the Development and Reproduction of Nilaparvata lugens.

The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is a difficult-to-control insect pest affecting rice yields in Asia. As a structural component of the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI), the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain (ITIH) has been reported to be involved in various inflammatory or malignant disorders, ovarian development, and ovulation. To reveal the function of ITIH4 in N. lugens, the gene encoding N. lugens ITIH4 (NlITIH4) was cloned and characterized. NlITIH4 contains a signal peptide, a vault protein inter-alpha-trypsin domain, and a von Willebrand factor type A domain. qPCR analysis showed that NlITIH4 was expressed at all developmental stages and in all tissues (fat body, ovary, and gut), with the highest expression in the fat body. Double stranded NlITIH4 (dsNlITIH4) injection clearly led to an RNAi-mediated inhibition of the expression of NlITIH4 and resulted in reduced survival, delayed ovarian development, and reduced egg production and egg hatching. These results indicate that NlITIH4 plays an important role in the development and reproduction of N. lugens.

A Case of CD5-Positive Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Leg Type Secondary to Chronic Lymphedema.

ABSTRACT: Primary cutaneous lymphoma occurring at the site of lymphedema is a rare complication. A total of 13 cases of primary cutaneous lymphoma associated with chronic lymphedema have been reported in international studies. We reported a case of cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (leg type) secondary to chronic lymphedema of the lower limbs. Histopathology showed hyperkeratosis of epidermis, acanthosis, and significant edema in the superficial dermis, with diffuse mononuclear infiltration in the dermis. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the expression of CD5, CD20, Pax-5, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, MUM-1, c-myc, and Ki-67. Therefore, the diagnosis of cutaneous DLBCL (leg type) was made. The study further confirmed the association between lymphoma and lymphedema. Especially, it showed CD5 expression. CD5-positive DLBCLs is a specific subgroup of DLBCLs, only approximately 10% of DLBCLs express CD5.

m5C-Related Signatures for Predicting Prognosis in Cutaneous Melanoma with Machine Learning.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is one of the most life-threatening primary skin cancers and is prone to distant metastases. A widespread presence of posttranscriptional modification of RNA, 5-methylcytosine (m5C), has been observed in human cancers. However, the potential mechanism of the tumorigenesis and prognosis in CM by dysregulated m5C-related regulators is obscure. METHODS: We use comprehensive bioinformatics analyses to explore the expression of m5C regulators in CM, the prognostic implications of the m5C regulators, the frequency of the copy number variant (CNV), and somatic mutations in m5C regulators. Additionally, the CM patients were divided into three clusters for better predicting clinical features and outcomes via consensus clustering of m5C regulators. Then, the risk score was established via Lasso Cox regression analysis. Next, the prognosis value and clinical characteristics of m5C-related signatures were further explored. Then, machine learning was used to recognize the outstanding m5C regulators to risk score. Finally, the expression level and clinical value of USUN6 were analyzed via the tissue microarray (TMA) cohort. RESULTS: We found that m5C regulators were dysregulated in CM, with a high frequency of somatic mutations and CNV alterations of the m5C regulatory gene in CM. Furthermore, 16 m5C-related proteins interacted with each other frequently, and we divided CM patients into three clusters to better predicting clinical features and outcomes. Then, five m5C regulators were selected as a risk score based on the LASSO model. The XGBoost algorithm recognized that NOP2 and NSUN6 were the most significant risk score contributors. Immunohistochemistry has verified that low expression of USUN6 was closely correlated with CM progression. CONCLUSION: The m5C-related signatures can be used as new prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CM, and NSUN6 might play a vital role in tumorigenesis and malignant progression.

Pharmacotherapy for Behçet's Disease and the Risk of Malignancy.

Background: Behçet's disease (BD) is associated with an increased risk of cancer. Few reports have been published on the relationship between drug exposure and the risk of cancer in patients with BD. Herein, we explored the relationship between pharmacologic interventions for BD and the risk of cancer. Methods: we carried out a retrospective nested case-control study in a cohort of BD patients from attending our institution. Among 1,148 patients, 22 cancer patients were individually 1:2 matched to 44 cancer-free controls. The following biochemical indicators were evaluated: routine blood analysis, liver and kidney function tests, inflammatory indexes, blood gas analysis, blood electrolyte and previous pharmacologic interventions to manage BD including systemic glucocorticoids, methotrexate, cyclosporine-A, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide (CYC), and thalidomide, which are considered the primary medicines used for the management of BD. Results: Among the 22 BD patients with cancers, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (22.72%) was the most common type. Furthermore, CYC administration was significantly higher in BD patients with cancer compared with the cancer-free matched control group. Further, we observed that complement 4 (C4) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.0001, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.001-0.065) and hemoglobin (Hb) (OR = 0.891, 95% CI: 0.795-0.998) levels were independent protective factors for predicting cancer risk in BD patients on multivariate analyses. Conclusion: Our study revealed that CYC was associated with a high risk of cancer in BD patients. Furthermore, C4 and Hb are independent protective factors for oncogenesis in BD patients. These findings may provide references and suggestions for clinicians to select appropriate treatments and for the early recognition of high-risk patients to reduce cancer incidence in BD patients.

LncRNA NORAD engages in psoriasis by binding to miR-26a to regulate keratinocyte proliferation.

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease. It was reported that lncRNA Non-coding RNA-activated by DNA damage (NORAD) has potential regulatory effects on skin diseases. Our previous studies found that lncRNA NORAD was highly expressed and its potential target miR-26a was down-regulated in psoriasis model mice. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of NORAD in the development of psoriasis. METHODS: IL-22/LPS (interleukin-22/lipopolysaccharide)-stimulated HaCaT (human immortalized keratinocytes) cell model and imiquimod-induced mouse model were established. Keratin 6 (K6), Keratin 16 (K16), Keratin 17 (K17), and Cell division cycle 6 (CDC6) levels were detected by western blot. Cell activity was detected by CCK-8, MTT, and EdU assays. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to examine the levels of NORAD, miR-26a, CDC6, K6, K16, and K17. Haematoxylin-eosin staining was applied to observe the degree of skin thickening and hyperplasia. Fluorescence in situ hybridization detects the location of NORAD. RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down, and Luciferase test were performed to detect the interaction between NORAD and miR-26a. RESULTS: In IL-22/LPS-stimulated HaCaT cells, NORAD, CDC6, and keratinocyte proliferation-related proteins (K6, K16, and K17) were up-regulated and miR-26a was down-regulated. Cell survival and proliferation were also increased. However, the results were reversed after interference with NORAD. Also, in vitro experiments revealed that NORAD negatively regulated miR-26a. In IL-22/LPS-stimulated HaCaT cells and skin of imiquimod-induced mice, we found that lower NORAD resulted in an increase of miR-26a and a decrease of CDC6, further decreased levels of keratinocyte proliferation-related proteins (K6, K16, and K17).

A double-blind, randomized, placebo- and positive-controlled phase III trial of 1% benvitimod cream in mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.

BACKGROUND: Benvitimod cream, a novel synthetic small molecule, was effective in treating mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis. We conducted a phase III clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of benvitimod cream in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis. METHODS: We randomly assigned 686 patients (2:1:1) to receive 1% benvitimod cream, 0.005% calcipotriol ointment or placebo twice a day for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy end points were the percentage of patients with a 75% or greater reduction from baseline in the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI 75) score and with a score of 0 or 1 in static physician's global assessment (sPGA) at week 12. RESULTS: The results showed that 50.4% of patients in the benvitimod group achieved PASI 75, which was significantly higher than that in the calcipotriol (38.5%, P < 0.05) and placebo (13.9%, P < 0.05) groups. The proportion of patients achieving an sPGA score 0 or 1 was 66.3% in the benvitimod group and 63.9% in the calcipotriol group, which were both significantly higher than that in the placebo group (34%, P < 0.05). In the long-term follow-up study, 50.8% of patients experienced recurrence. After retreatment with 1% benvitimod, 73.3% of patients achieved an sPGA score of 0 or 1 again at week 52. Adverse events included application site irritation, follicular papules, and contact dermatitis. No systemic adverse reactions were reported. CONCLUSION: During this 12-week study, benvitimod cream was demonstrated with high effectiveness and safety in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), ChiCTR-TRC-13003259; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=6300.

Assessing the Impact of Retailer Disclosure on the Effectiveness of U.S. Meat and Poultry Recalls.

ABSTRACT: In August 2008, the Food Safety and Inspection Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) launched a new policy that required publication of a list of retail consignees for the meat and poultry products part of class I recalls, those with the greatest potential impact on public health. In this study, two recall effectiveness measures (recovery rate and completion time) and a difference-in-difference method were used to examine the effects of retailer disclosures. When controlling for factors previously determined to impact recall effectiveness, including product type, reasons for recall, the amount of food recalled, plant size, and the way the problem was discovered, no significant impact on recall effectiveness was discerned under the current disclosure policy. Recalls for bacterial contamination had higher recovery rates. Larger recalls had lower recovery rates and longer completion times. Recalls issued by very small plants had lower recovery rates. Compared with other stakeholders, government agency discovery of the problem was associated with lower recovery rates. As the U.S. Food and Drug Administration considers a similar retailer disclosure policy for foods regulated under the Food Safety Modernization Act, such lessons from the USDA experience should inform the policy debate.

COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Hemodialysis Patient.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infective disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2). Previous studies of the COVID-19 pneumonia outbreak were based on information from the general population. Limited data are available for hemodialysis patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. This report describes the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in an in-center hemodialysis patient, as well as our experience in implementing steps to prevent the spread of COVID-19 pneumonia among in-center hemodialysis patients. The diagnosis, infection control, and treatment of COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients are discussed in this report, and we conclude with recommendations for how a dialysis facility can respond to COVID-19 based on our experiences.

Dermoscopy in China: current status and future prospective.

OBJECTIVE: Dermoscopy is a useful technique for improving the diagnostic accuracy of various types of skin disorders. In China, dermoscopy has been widely accepted, and domestic researchers have made tremendous progress in the field of dermoscopy. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the current status of dermoscopy in China and identify its future directions. DATA SOURCES: Articles included in this review were obtained by searching the following databases: Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, and the Web of Science. We focused on research published before 2019 with keywords including dermoscopy, dermoscopic, dermoscope and trichoscopy. STUDY SELECTION: A total of 50 studies were selected. Of these studies, 20 studies were in Chinese and 30 in English, research samples of all the studies were collected from Chinese populations. RESULTS: Since 2000, more than 380 articles about dermoscopy have been published in domestic or foreign journals. Dermoscopy can improve the diagnostic accuracy of neoplastic diseases, evaluating the therapeutic effect of treatment, and determining the treatment endpoint, and it can also assist in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory diseases and in the assessment of the severity of the disease. In addition, researches about the applications of dermoscopy during surgical treatment have been published. Training courses aiming to improve the diagnostic ability of dermatologists, either face-to-face or online, have been offered. The Chinese Skin Image Database, launched in 2017 as a work platform for dermatologists, has promoted the development of dermoscopy in China. Computer-aided diagnostic systems based on the Chinese population are ready for use. In the future, cooperation, resource sharing, talent development, image management, and computer-aided diagnosis will be important directions for the development of dermoscopy in China. CONCLUSION: Dermoscopy has been widely used and developed in China, however, it still needs to address more challenges in the future.