RESUMEN
Ten undescribed cardiac glycosides, strasperosides A-J, together with twelve known analogues, were isolated from Streblus asper Lour. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, electronic circular dichroism data, and chemical methods. These cardiac glycosides showed diversity in steroid skeleton and sugar moiety. Strasperosides A and B are a pair of unusual stereoisomers featuring different orientation of the lactone motif. Ten cardiac glycosides demonstrated potent antiviral effects on HSV-1 in vitro with the IC50 values from 0.19 ± 0.08 to 1.03 ± 0.25 µM and the therapeutic indices from 66.61 ± 5.08 to 326.75 ± 11.75.
Asunto(s)
Glicósidos Cardíacos , Moraceae , Glicósidos Cardíacos/farmacología , Glicósidos Cardíacos/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Moraceae/química , Antivirales/química , Glicósidos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Three new formyl phloroglucinol meroterpenoids, eumaidials A-C (1-3), were isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus subsp. maidenii, along with ten known analogues (4-13). Their chemical structures were determined by various spectral data and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Eumaidial A (1) is the first ß-caryophyllene-based formyl phloroglucinol meroterpenoids from the genus Eucalyptus. Compounds 1-4 and 10 exhibited ATP-citrate lyase inhibitory activities, and compounds 2 and 3 suppressed the hepatocyte lipogenesis.
Asunto(s)
Eucalyptus , Complejos Multienzimáticos , Oxo-Ácido-Liasas , Estructura Molecular , Eucalyptus/química , Floroglucinol/farmacología , Floroglucinol/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Adenosina TrifosfatoRESUMEN
Three unprecedented dimeric clerodane diterpenoids, dodovisdimers A-C (1-3), along with six known clerodane monomers (4-9), were isolated from Dodonaea viscosa. Compounds 1-3 may be biosynthetically formed via an intermolecular Diels-Alder [4+2] cycloaddition between the coexisting monomers 4-7. The structures of these clerodanes were characterized by spectroscopic techniques, X-ray crystallographic study, and ECD calculations. Some isolates exerted antiviral effects on human influenza A virus (H3N2) in vitro.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/farmacología , Diterpenos de Tipo Clerodano/farmacología , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/efectos de los fármacos , Sapindaceae/química , Antivirales/química , Antivirales/aislamiento & purificación , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Diterpenos de Tipo Clerodano/química , Diterpenos de Tipo Clerodano/aislamiento & purificación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Seven undescribed cycloartane triterpenoids, pseudolarnoids A-G, together with ten known ones, were isolated from the seeds of Pseudolarix amabilis (J. Nelson) Rehder. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, X-ray crystallography, and ECD data. Pseudolarnoids A-C are cycloartane triterpenoids with a unique 16S, 23R-spirolactone moiety. Pseudolarnoids F, G, and pseudolarolide C demonstrated potent antiviral effects on HSV-1 in vitro.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/farmacología , Herpesvirus Humano 1/efectos de los fármacos , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Triterpenos/farmacología , Antivirales/química , Antivirales/aislamiento & purificación , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Modelos Moleculares , Conformación Molecular , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Pinaceae/química , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Pathology specimen labeling errors occur for a variety of reasons. We investigated the use of barcode technology as a method to improve the accuracy of pathology specimen labeling and patient safety. We also assessed nurses' perceptions of system quality, information quality, service quality, user satisfaction, and net benefits. Sixty-eight perioperative nurses who work in a teaching hospital in Taiwan completed the survey. Nurses scored net benefits as highly contributing to their satisfaction, whereas system quality contributed most to dissatisfaction. Further, we analyzed pathology specimen records before and after implementing the barcode system and found that specimen management errors significantly decreased. The use of a reliable barcode system could improve specimen labeling accuracy and enhance nurses' satisfaction with this technology.
Asunto(s)
Biopsia/enfermería , Procesamiento Automatizado de Datos , Seguridad del Paciente , Pautas de la Práctica en Enfermería , Manejo de Especímenes/enfermería , Adulto , Biopsia/normas , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital , Enfermería Perioperatoria , Mejoramiento de la Calidad , Manejo de Especímenes/normas , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Taiwán , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Most children experience significant anxiety during the preoperative period. Greater preoperative anxiety may be related to a higher incidence of negative behaviors. This study aimed to develop a family-centered preoperative preparation program and to evaluate the effects of this program on children's preoperative emotional behaviors, postoperative behavior, and posthospital behavior, and on caregiver anxiety. A prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted. The population consisted of children who underwent minor surgery and their caregivers. The control group received standard care, and the experimental group received standard care plus preoperative preparation, which included a tour, a cartoon video depicting a boy's surgical journey, and familiarization with medical equipment. Children's emotional behaviors and caregiver anxiety were measured at the preoperative visit, in the preoperative holding area, and at induction of anesthesia. Postoperative behavior was measured when children were in the recovery room, and the researcher also contacted caregivers 2 weeks after the surgery to assess the children's behavior at home. A linear mixed-effects model results showed that as the surgery approached, the experimental group had fewer and more stable preoperative emotional behaviors (least squares means of preoperative emotional behaviors from preoperative visit to induction of anesthesia = 10.01-10.95). However, the control group exhibited significantly increased preoperative emotional behaviors as the surgery approached (least squares means of preoperative emotional behaviors from the preoperative visit to induction of anesthesia = 7.87-12.23). Family-centered preoperative preparation can effectively improve children's negative emotional behaviors from their time in the preoperative holding area to the induction of anesthesia.
Asunto(s)
Ansiedad/terapia , Cuidadores/psicología , Conducta Infantil/psicología , Periodo Perioperatorio/estadística & datos numéricos , Cuidados Preoperatorios/métodos , Niño , Preescolar , Emociones , Terapia Familiar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Three new isosteroidal alkaloids, frititorines A-C (1-3), were isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria tortifolia, together with ten known ones (4-13). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, chemical methods, and single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compound 1 is the first 5ß-cevanine alkaloid with a cis A/B ring junction from the Fritillaria genus. Compound 2 is the first example of glycosylated isosteroidal alkaloid N-oxide. Compound 1 showed significant relaxant effect on Ach-induced tracheal contraction with pA2 and EC50 values equivalent to those of aminophylline.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/aislamiento & purificación , Fritillaria/química , Raíces de Plantas/química , Tráquea/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , China , Técnicas In Vitro , Estructura Molecular , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
A novel dihydroflavonol unprecedentedly with a prenyl group at C-2, nigragenon A (1), four new sanggenon-type flavonones, nigragenons B-E (2-5), along with six known isoprenylated flavonoids (6-11) were isolated from the twigs of Morus nigra. Their structures were elucidated through extensive analysis of spectroscopic data. Interestingly, compound 1 was the first reported biogenetic precursor of sanggenon-type flavanones and the biogenetic pathway from 1 to sanggenol F was proposed. The PPAR γ agonistic activity was investigated in HEK293 cells using dual luciferase reporter assay. Compounds 2, 4, 7, and 9 showed obvious agonistic activities on PPAR γ, and compound 2 was a potential PPAR γ partial agonist. Moreover, the preliminary structure-activity relationships for the tested compounds were discussed.
Asunto(s)
Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Morus/química , PPAR gamma/agonistas , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/química , PrenilaciónRESUMEN
A new isoprenylated sanggenon-type flavanone, nigrasin K (1), together with three known analogs (2-4) and five known Diels-Alder adducts (5-9), were isolated from the twigs of Morus nigra. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Sanggenon M (2), chalcomoracin (5), sorocein H (6), kuwanon J (7), sanggenon C (8), and sanggenon O (9) showed significant inhibitory effects on mushroom tyrosinase.
Asunto(s)
Monofenol Monooxigenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Morus/química , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/farmacología , Estructura MolecularRESUMEN
Chemical investigation on the aerial parts of Rhododendron capitatum resulted in the discovery of five enantiomeric pairs of new meroterpenoids, (+)-/(-)-rhodonoids C (1a and 1b), E (3a and 3b), F (4a and 4b), and (-)-/(+)-rhodonoids D (2a and 2b) and G (5a and 5b). These enantiomeric pairs existed as partial racemates in a plant and were obtained by chiral HPLC separation. Their structures with absolute configurations were assigned by spectroscopic data, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and ECD analysis. Compounds 1a and 1b are the first pair of meromonoterpenes incorporating an unprecedented 6/6/6/5 ring system, and 1a showed antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in vitro. Compounds 2a and 2b are the first examples of meromonoterpenes featuring a unique 6/6/5/5 ring system.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/farmacología , Herpesvirus Humano 1/efectos de los fármacos , Rhododendron/química , Terpenos/farmacología , Antivirales/química , Antivirales/aislamiento & purificación , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estructura Molecular , Estereoisomerismo , Terpenos/química , Terpenos/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Two new isoprenylated flavonoids, laevigasins A and B (1 and 2, resp.), and one new isoprenylated 2-arylbenzofuran, leavigasin C (3), together with eight known compounds, 4-11, were isolated from the twigs of Morus laevigata. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Laevigasin A (1) showed significant inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase in vitro. Notabilisin E (5), taxifolin (10), and hultenin (11) inhibited PTP1B phosphatase activity in vitro.
Asunto(s)
Morus/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Estructura Molecular , Fenoles/química , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
High-density genetic linkage maps are necessary for precisely mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling grain shape and size in wheat. By applying the Infinium iSelect 9K SNP assay, we have constructed a high-density genetic linkage map with 269 F 8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed between a Chinese cornerstone wheat breeding parental line Yanda1817 and a high-yielding line Beinong6. The map contains 2431 SNPs and 128 SSR & EST-SSR markers in a total coverage of 3213.2 cM with an average interval of 1.26 cM per marker. Eighty-eight QTLs for thousand-grain weight (TGW), grain length (GL), grain width (GW) and grain thickness (GT) were detected in nine ecological environments (Beijing, Shijiazhuang and Kaifeng) during five years between 2010-2014 by inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) (LOD ≥ 2.5). Among which, 17 QTLs for TGW were mapped on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4D, 5A, 5B and 6B with phenotypic variations ranging from 2.62% to 12.08%. Four stable QTLs for TGW could be detected in five and seven environments, respectively. Thirty-two QTLs for GL were mapped on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4B, 4D, 5A, 5B, 6B, 7A and 7B, with phenotypic variations ranging from 2.62% to 44.39%. QGl.cau-2A.2 can be detected in all the environments with the largest phenotypic variations, indicating that it is a major and stable QTL. For GW, 12 QTLs were identified with phenotypic variations range from 3.69% to 12.30%. We found 27 QTLs for GT with phenotypic variations ranged from 2.55% to 36.42%. In particular, QTL QGt.cau-5A.1 with phenotypic variations of 6.82-23.59% was detected in all the nine environments. Moreover, pleiotropic effects were detected for several QTL loci responsible for grain shape and size that could serve as target regions for fine mapping and marker assisted selection in wheat breeding programs.
Asunto(s)
Mapeo Cromosómico , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Ligamiento Genético , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo , Carácter Cuantitativo Heredable , Triticum/genética , Ambiente , Interacción Gen-Ambiente , Genoma de Planta , Genómica , Humanos , Endogamia , Repeticiones de Microsatélite , Fenotipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido SimpleRESUMEN
Eight Diels-Alder adducts, morbilisins A-H (1-8), a known analogue, chalcomoracin (9), together with eleven known flavonoids and 2-arylbenzofurans, were isolated from the leaves of Morus notabilis. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR, MS, and ECD data. Compounds 1, 5, and 7-9 showed inhibition against PTP1B phosphatase activity in vitro.
Asunto(s)
Benzofuranos/química , Morus/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatasa no Receptora Tipo 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Benzofuranos/aislamiento & purificación , Flavonoides/química , Estructura MolecularRESUMEN
Thirteen triterpenoids (1-13), including two new lupane triterpenoids, salacinins A and B (1 and 2), as well as one new friedelane triterpenoid, salacinin C (3), were isolated from the roots and stems of Salacia hainanensis. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR, and MS experiments. Compound 1 possesses rare 2,3-seco-lupane skeleton. Compounds 4, 6 and 7 showed inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase in vitro.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/química , Salacia/química , Salacia/metabolismo , Triterpenos/química , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/aislamiento & purificación , Estructura Molecular , Raíces de Plantas/química , Tallos de la Planta/química , Triterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , alfa-GlucosidasasRESUMEN
MCL-1 is encoded by myeloid cell leukemia-1 gene (mcl-1), which is one of the anti-apoptotic members of bcl-2 cell apoptotic gene superfamily. ChanSu is made of dorsal secretions of several Bufo species, commonly used in the prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine for treating many diseases including cancer. To clarify if mcl-1 is expressed in the dorsal skin of B. gargarizans, the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) was performed with its dorsal skin first strand cDNA as the template and a pair of specific primers of mcl-1, and PCR products were cloned into the pGM-T vector. DNA sequencing indicated that the ORF length was 639 bp encoding 212 amino acid residues, and the homology of 44%-95% with the MCL-1 of several other animals. For the further studies on MCL-1 biological functions during the oncogenesis and preparation of its antibody, the prokaryotic expression construct of pET-28b-mcl-1 was prepared which was confirmed by DNA sequencing, and its recombinant protein expression (0.02% wet weight) in E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.
Asunto(s)
Bufonidae/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de la Secuencia de Leucemia de Células Mieloides/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Bufonidae/clasificación , Clonación Molecular , ADN Complementario/genética , Proteína 1 de la Secuencia de Leucemia de Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta/genética , Filogenia , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Alineación de Secuencia , Homología de Secuencia , Piel/metabolismoRESUMEN
Phytochemical investigation of the stem of Morus notabilis led to the isolation and characterization of 10 compounds of 2-arylbenzofurans (1-10), including two new compounds, (2'R)-2',3'-dihydro-2'-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2,6'-bibenzofuran-6,4'-diol (1) and 5,6-dimethoxy-2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)benzofuran (2). Moracins O (6) and P (10) showed inhibitory effects on mushroom tyrosinase with IC50 values being lower than that of kojic acid.
Asunto(s)
Benzofuranos/aislamiento & purificación , Benzofuranos/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/aislamiento & purificación , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Morus/química , Agaricales/enzimología , Benzofuranos/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Estructura Molecular , Resonancia Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Tallos de la Planta/químicaRESUMEN
Three new isoprenylated flavones, hypargyflavones A-C (1-3, resp.), and one novel stilbene derivative, hypargystilbene A (4), together with seven known compounds, 5-11, were isolated from the stems of Artocarpus hypargyreus Hance. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Hypargyflavone A (1), cudraflavone C (8), brosimone I (10), and norartocarpin (11) showed inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase.
Asunto(s)
Artocarpus/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Flavonas/aislamiento & purificación , Flavonas/farmacología , Estilbenos/aislamiento & purificación , Estilbenos/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Flavonas/química , Humanos , Lipasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Lipasa/metabolismo , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Estructura Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/química , Raíces de Plantas/química , Prenilación , Estilbenos/químicaRESUMEN
Two novel 2-arylbenzofuran dimers, morusyunnansins A and B (1 and 2), two new biflavonoids, morusyunnansins C and D (3 and 4), two new flavans, morusyunnansins E and F (5 and 6), and four known flavans (7-10) were isolated from the leaves of Morus yunnanensis. Compounds 5-8 showed potent inhibitory effects on mushroom tyrosinase with IC(50) values ranging from 0.12 ± 0.02 to 1.43 ± 0.43 µM.