Low blood flow ratio is associated with hemorrhagic transformation secondary to mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A significant decrease of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is a risk factor for hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study aimed to ascertain whether the ratio of different CBF thresholds derived from computed tomography perfusion (CTP) is an independent risk factor for HT after mechanical thrombectomy (MT). METHODS: A retrospective single center cohort study was conducted on patients with AIS undergoing MT at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from August 2018 to December 2023. The perfusion parameters before thrombectomy were obtained according to CTP automatic processing software. The low blood flow ratio (LFR) was defined as the ratio of brain volume with relative CBF <20 % over volume with relative CBF <30 %. HT was evaluated on the follow-up CT images. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between parameters that differ between the two groups with regards to HT occurrence. The predictive efficacy was assessed utilizing the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: In total, 243 patients met the inclusion criteria. During the follow-up, 46.5 % of the patients (113/243) developed HT. Compared with the Non-HT group, the HT group had a higher LFR (0.47 (0.34-0.65) vs. 0.32 (0.07-0.56); P < 0.001). According to the binary logistic regression analysis, the LFR (aOR: 6.737; 95 % CI: 1.994-22.758; P = 0.002), Hypertension history (aOR: 2.231; 95 % CI: 1.201-4.142; P = 0.011), plasma FIB levels before MT (aOR: 0.641; 95 % CI: 0.456-0.902; P = 0.011), and the mismatch ratio (aOR: 0.990; 95 % CI: 0.980-0.999; P = 0.030) were independently associated with HT secondary to MT. The area under the curve of the regression model for predicting HT was 0.741. CONCLUSION: LFR, a ratio quantified via CTP, demonstrates potential as an independent risk factor of HT secondary to MT.

Association between personality traits and psychological distress among postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease: A cross-sectional survey and mediation analysis.

Postmenopausal women with negative personality characteristics are at an increased risk of psychological disorders, yet little is known about the mechanism underlying the relationship between type D personality and psychological distress in postmenopausal women with coronary disease. This study assessed the mediating roles of perceived social support and self-perceived burden in the relationship between type D and psychological distress based on the equity theory and stress-buffering model. Demographic characteristics, type D, psychological distress, perceived social support, and self-perceived burden were completed by 335 participants with self-reported questionnaires using a cross-sectional design in Southeast China. The results revealed that perceived social support and self-perceived burden both separately and serially mediated the relationship between type D personality and psychological distress. Effective intervention strategies aimed at improving perceived social support or reducing self-perceived burden may be beneficial in reducing psychological distress.

An Online Dynamic Radiomics-Clinical Nomogram to Predict Recurrence in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE: Radiomics can reflect the heterogeneity within the focus. We aim to explore whether radiomics can predict recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage (RICH) and develop an online dynamic nomogram to predict it. METHODS: This retrospective study collected the clinical and radiomics features of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage seen in our hospital from October 2013 to October 2016. We used the minimum redundancy maximum relevancy and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator methods to screen radiomics features and calculate the Rad-score. We use the univariate and multivariate analyses to screen clinical predictors. Optimal clinical features and Rad-score were used to construct different logistics regression models called the clinical model, radiomics model, and combined-logistic regression model. DeLong testing was performed to compare performance among different models. The model with the best predictive performance was used to construct an online dynamic nomogram. RESULTS: Overall, 304 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were enrolled in this study. Fourteen radiomics features were selected to calculate the Rad-score. The patients with RICH had a significantly higher Rad-score than those without (0.5 vs. -0.8; P< 0.001). The predictive performance of the combined-logistic regression model with Rad-score was better than that of the clinical model for both the training (area under the receiver operating curve, 0.81 vs. 0.71; P = 0.02) and testing (area under the receiver operating curve, 0.65 vs. 0.58; P = 0.04) cohorts statistically. CONCLUSIONS: Radiomics features were determined related to RICH. Adding Rad-score into conventional clinical models significantly improves the prediction efficiency. We developed an online dynamic nomogram to accurately and conveniently evaluate RICH.

Acute Phase Blood Glucose Levels and Functional Outcomes in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Objective: Post-stroke hyperglycemia as a common phenomenon is associated with unfavorable outcomes. Focusing on admission hyperglycemia, other markers of dysglycemia were overlooked. This study aimed to explore the contribution of acute phase blood glucose levels in combination with other radiological signs to the prognostication of functional outcomes in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). Methods: Consecutive patients with sICH with at least five random plasma glucose measurements and complete radiological data during hospitalization were included. We calculated the average, maximum, minimum, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation of blood glucose levels for each patient. Radiological data, including island, black hole, blend, and satellite signs were collected. Functional outcomes were evaluated using the Barthel index. Unfavorable outcomes were defined as a Barthel index score ≤ 60. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Results: Two hundred and thirty-eight patients (mean age 58.5, 163 men and 75 women) were included, and 71 had a history of diabetes. Unfavorable outcomes occurred in 107 patients (45.0%) at 3 months. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that maximum blood glucose levels (odds ratio, 1.256; 95% confidence interval, 1.124‒1.404; p < 0.001) and island sign (odds ratio, 2.701; 95% confidence interval, 1.322‒5.521; p = 0.006) were independent predictors of unfavorable outcomes in the nondiabetic group. Meanwhile, patients without diabetes who experienced hematoma expansion had higher average (p = 0.036) and maximum blood glucose levels (p = 0.014). Interpretation: Maximum blood glucose levels and island sign were independently associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients without diabetes, whereas no glycemic variability indices were associated with unfavorable outcomes. Glucose levels influenced hematoma expansion and functional outcomes, particularly in patients without diabetes with sICH. Thus, clinical management of blood glucose levels should be strengthened for patients with sICH with or without a history of diabetes.

The interaction of global small vessel disease burden and Alzheimer's disease pathologies do not change the independent association of amyloid-beta with hippocampal volume: A longitudinal study on mild cognitive impairment subjects.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the co-existence of global small vessel disease (SVD) burdens and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies change hippocampal volume (HV) and cognitive function of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects. We obtained MRI images, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (Aß1-42 and p-tau), and neuropsychological tests of 310 MCI subjects from ADNI. The global SVD score was assessed. We used linear regression and linear mixing effect to analyze the effects of global SVD burdens, AD pathologies, and their interactions (SVD*AD) on baseline and longitudinal HV and cognition respectively. We used simple mediation effect to analyze the influencing pathways. After adjusting for global SVD and SVD*AD, Aß remained independently correlated with baseline and longitudinal HV (std ß = 0.294, p = .007; std ß = 0.292, p < .001), indicating that global SVD did not affect the correlation between Aß and HV. Global SVD score was correlated with longitudinal but not baseline HV (std ß = 0.470, p = .050), suggesting that global SVD may be more representative of long-term permanent impairment. Global SVD, AD pathologies, and SVD*AD were independently correlated with baseline and longitudinal cognitions, in which the association of Aß (B = 0.005, 95% CI: 0.005; 0.024) and p-tau (B = -0.002, 95% CI: -0.004; -0.000) with cognition were mediated by HV, suggesting that HV is more likely to explain the progression caused by AD pathology than SVD. The co-existence of global SVD and AD pathologies did not affect the individual association of Aß on HV; HV played a more important role in the influence of AD pathology on cognition than in SVD.

Return to Work Experience of Young and Middle-Aged Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: Return to work (RTW) is a critical component of rehabilitation for most young and middle-aged patients after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Its success is related to the quality of life and social psychological function of patients, and their social economic growth. However, healthcare professionals often do not deeply understand the patients' experience and their difficulties and coping methods during this process, which limits their ability to institute effective management and support. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to explore the lived experiences and change processes of young and middle-aged patients with AMI at the different stages of RTW. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative approach was used. Patients aged 20 to 59 years with AMI were recruited from the Department of Cardiology of 3 general hospitals. Data were collected via semistructured interviews. Data analysis was performed by conventional content analysis methods. RESULTS: In total, 18 participants were included. Five main themes emerged: (1) "chaos," (2) "rebuilding," (3) "conflict," (4) "coping," and (5) "benefits." Patients may be more concerned about physical recovery during the initial clinical event. They then begin to plan and adjust for an RTW. Patients in the maintenance phase need strategies to prevent, identify, and respond to conflicts and challenges to maintain long-term stable work. CONCLUSION: We identified several post-AMI stages spanning from the initial illness event to the maintenance of stable work. We described their perceived barriers, coping strategies, and support needs at these various stages. These data are crucial for healthcare professionals to develop improved vocational rehabilitation strategies for patients with AMI.

Involvement of PGC7 and UHRF1 in the regulation of DNA methylation of the IG-DMR in the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 locus.

The gene dosage at the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 locus is critical for cell growth and development. A relatively high gene expression within the Dlk1-Dio3 region, especially the active expression of Gtl2, has been identified as the only reliable marker for cell pluripotency. The DNA methylation state of the IG-DNA methylated regions (DMR), which is located upstream of the Gtl2 gene, dominantly contributes to the control of gene expression in the Dlk1-Dio3 locus. However, the precise mechanism underlying the regulation of DNA methylation in the IG-DMR remains largely unknown. Here, we use the F9 embryonal carcinoma cell line, a low pluripotent cell model, to identify the mechanism responsible for DNA methylation in the IG-DMR, and find that the interaction of PGC7 with UHRF1 is involved in maintaining DNA methylation and inducing DNA hypermethylation in the IG-DMR region. PGC7 and UHRF1 cooperatively bind in the IG-DMR to regulate the methylation of DNA and histones in this imprinted region. PGC7 promotes the recruitment of DNMT1 by UHRF1 to maintain DNA methylation in the IG-DMR locus. The interaction between PGC7 and UHRF1 strengthens their binding to H3K9me3 and leads to further enrichment of H3K9me3 in the IG-DMR by recruiting the specific histone methyltransferase SETDB1. Consequently, the abundance of H3K9me3 promotes DNMT3A to bind to the IG-DMR and increases DNA methylation level in this region. In summary, we propose a new mechanism of DNA methylation regulation in the IG-DMR locus and provide further insight into the understanding of the difference in Gtl2 expression levels between high and low pluripotent cells.

Moderate-Severe White Matter Lesion Predicts Delayed Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Most existing studies have focused on the correlation between white matter lesion (WML) and baseline intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), whereas few studies have investigated the relationship between WML severity and delayed IVH after admission. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between WML severity and delayed IVH and to verify the association between WML and baseline IVH. METHODS: A total of 480 patients with spontaneous ICH from February 2018 to October 2020 were selected. WML was scored using the Van Swieten Scale, with scores of 0-2 representing nonslight WML and scores of 3-4 representing moderate-severe WML. We determined the presence of IVH on baseline (< 6 h) and follow-up computed tomography (< 72 h) images. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of baseline and delayed IVH. RESULTS: Among 480 patients with ICH, 172 (35.8%) had baseline IVH, and there was a higher proportion of moderate-severe WML in patients with baseline IVH (20.3%) than in those without baseline IVH (12.7%) (P = 0.025). Among 308 patients without baseline IVH, delayed IVH was found in 40 patients (12.9%), whose proportion of moderate-severe WML (25.0%) was higher than that in patients without delayed IVH (10.8%) (P = 0.012). Multiple logistic regression results showed that moderate-severe WML was independently correlated with baseline IVH (P = 0.006, odds ratio = 2.266, 95% confidence interval = 1.270-4.042) and delayed IVH (P = 0.002, odds ratio = 7.009, 95% confidence interval = 12.086-23.552). CONCLUSIONS: Moderate-severe WML was an independent risk factor for delayed IVH as well as baseline IVH.

Integrating SEI into Layered Conductive Polymer Coatings for Ultrastable Silicon Anodes.

Tackling the huge volume expansion of silicon (Si) anode desires a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) to prohibit the interfacial side reactions. Here, a layered conductive polyaniline (LCP) coating is built on Si nanoparticles to achieve high areal capacity and long lifespan. The conformal LCP coating stores electrolyte in interlamination spaces and directs an in situ formation of LCP-integrated hybrid SEI skin with uniform distribution of organic and inorganic components, enhancing the flexibility of the SEI to buffer the volume changes and maintaining homogeneous ion transport during cycling. As a result, the Si anode shows a remarkable cycling stability under high areal capacity (≈3 mAh cm-2 ) after 150 cycles and good rate performance of 942 mAh g-1 at 5 A g-1 . This work demonstrates the great potential of regulating the SEI properties by a layered polymer-directing SEI formation for the mechanical and electrochemical stabilization of Si anodes.

Interaction between Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) polymorphisms and childhood maltreatment on aggression risk in Chinese male adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Aggressive behavior is a highly prevalent and serious public health problem among adolescents. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of aggressive behavior remain unclear. Childhood maltreatment is an acknowledged factor for aggressive behavior. SIRT1 is closely related to the occurrence and development of psychiatric disorders. We aimed to reveal the interactive effect between SIRT1 and childhood maltreatment on aggressive behavior among Chinese adolescents. METHODS: Aggressive behavior and childhood maltreatment were evaluated by the Buss and Warren's Aggression Questionnaire (BWAQ) and short form Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), respectively. This study comprised 436 aggression cases and 435 controls. Four SIRT1 tagSNPs were selected for genotyping. Interaction between SIRT1 and childhood maltreatment was estimated by logistic regression models. RESULTS: Individuals carrying SIRT1 rs4746720 minor allele and TAAC haplotype derived from SIRT1 variants was associated with reduced aggression risk when childhood maltreatment occurred (all P < 0.01). An antagonistic additive interaction between SIRT1 rs4746720 and childhood maltreatment on aggressive behavior (S = 0.421; 95%CI: 0.234 to 0.758) was further testified. No main effect of the SIRT1 SNPs or the haplotype block was observed (all P > 0.05). LIMITATIONS: Since participants were only males, our findings were unable to be directly extended to females. Cross-sectional design, self-reported measurements and limited sample size were adopted. CONCLUSION: This study provides the first evidence of SIRT1 × childhood maltreatment interaction on aggressive behavior in male adolescents. The minor allele of SIRT1 rs4746720 presents a protective effect on combination with childhood maltreatment on the risk of aggressive behavior.

FOXC1 Downregulates Nanog Expression by Recruiting HDAC2 to Its Promoter in F9 Cells Treated by Retinoic Acid.

FOXC1, a transcription factor involved in cell differentiation and embryogenesis, is demonstrated to be a negative regulator of Nanog in this study. FOXC1 is up-regulated in retinoic acid-induced differentiation of F9 Embryonal Carcinoma (EC) cells; furthermore, FOXC1 specifically inhibits the core pluripotency factor Nanog by binding to the proximal promoter. Overexpression of FOXC1 in F9 or knockdown in 3T3 results in the down-regulation or up-regulation of Nanog mRNA and proteins, respectively. In order to explain the mechanism by which FOXC1 inhibits Nanog expression, we identified the co-repressor HDAC2 from the FOXC1 interactome. FOXC1 recruits HDAC2 to Nanog promoter to decrease H3K27ac enrichment, resulting in transcription inhibition of Nanog. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that FOXC1 is involved in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression.

New insights into Vitamin C function: Vitamin C induces JAK2 activation through its receptor-like transporter SVCT2.

Vitamin C (VitC) is a requisite nutrient for humans and other primates. Extensive research continuously illustrates the applications of VitC in promoting cell reprogramming, fine-tuning embryonic stem cell function, and fighting diseases. Given its chemical reduction property, VitC predominantly acts as an antioxidant to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and as a cofactor for certain dioxygenases involved in epigenetic regulation. Here, we propose that VitC is also a bio-signaling molecule based on the finding that sodium-dependent VitC transporter (SVCT) 2 is a novel receptor-like transporter of VitC that possesses dual activities in mediating VitC uptake and Janus kinase (JAK) 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 2 signaling pathway. Through interaction, SVCT2 induces JAK2 phosphorylation while transporting VitC into cells. Activated JAK2 phosphorylates the C-terminus of SVCT2, resulting in the recruitment and activation of STAT2. As a highlight, our results suggest that the activation of JAK2 synergistically promotes regulation of VitC in ROS scavenging and epigenetic modifications through phosphorylating pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1, ten-eleven translocation enzyme 3, and histone H3 Tyr41. Furthermore, VitC-activated JAK2 exhibits bidirectional effects in regulating cell pluripotency and differentiation. Our results thus reveal that the SVCT2-mediated JAK2 activation facilitates VitC functions in a previously unknown manner.

Selective Covalent Targeting of Anti-apoptotic BFL-1 by a Sulfonium-Tethered Peptide.

Anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family proteins are proven targets for human cancers. Targeting the BH3-binding pockets of these anti-apoptotic proteins could reactivate apoptosis in BCL-2-depedent cancers. BFL-1 is a BCL-2 family protein overexpressed in various chemoresistant cancers. A unique cysteine at the binding interface of the BH3 and BFL-1 was previously proven to be an intriguing targeting site to irreversibly inhibit BFL-1 functions with stabilized cyclic peptide bearing a covalent warhead. Recently, we developed a sulfonium-tethered peptide cyclization strategy to construct peptide ligands that could selectively and efficiently react with the cysteine(s) of target proteins near the interacting interface. Using this method, we constructed a BFL-1 peptide inhibitor, B4-MC, that could selectively conjugate with BFL-1 both in vitro and in cell. B4-MC showed good cellular uptake, colocalized with BFL-1 on mitochondria, and showed obvious growth inhibition of BFL-1 over-expressed cancer cell lines.

Impact of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP)-based rehabilitation education on the KAP of patients with intervertebral disc herniation.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to quantify the effectiveness of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP)-based rehabilitation education on the KAP of patients with intervertebral disc herniation (IDH). METHODS: Seventy IDH patients undergoing conservative treatment in our center from February 2018 to December 2018 were randomly divided into the KAP group and control group by using a table of random numbers. The control group was given traditional health education, while the KAP group was offered with KAP-based rehabilitation education. Both groups were followed up for 3 months after their discharge from the hospital. A self-designed questionnaire form was used to evaluate the KAP quantities of patients. RESULTS: Before health education, the scores of knowledge in the control group and the KAP group were (15.12±3.12) and (15.20±3.28), respectively, showing no significant difference (P>0.05). After the health education, the total score of knowledge, the score of disease knowledge, the score of attitude, and the score of practice were (25.42±3.16), (7.66±0.73), (7.80±0.36), and (7.85±0.68), respectively, in the KAP group, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(20.31±3.43), (6.83±0.92), (6.41±1.05), and (7.10±1.11), P<0.05]. After health education, the awareness rates of the disease, attitude, and behavior were significantly higher in the KAP group than in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Rehabilitation education based on the KAP theory can effectively enhance the patients' awareness of the disease, increase their rehabilitation consciousness, and promote them to adopt positive rehabilitation behavior, thus achieving the goal of changing the patients' KAP.

RNA sequencing revealed the abnormal transcriptional profile in cloned bovine embryos.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has potential applications in agriculture and biomedicine, but the efficiency of cloning is still low. In this study, the transcriptional profiles in cloned and fertilized embryos were measured and compared by RNA sequencing. The 2-cell embryos were detected to identify the earliest transcriptional differences between embryos derived through IVF and SCNT. As a result, 364 genes showed decreased expression in cloned 2-cell embryos and were enriched in "intracellular protein transport" and "ubiquitin mediated proteolysis". In blastocysts, 593 genes showed decreased expression in cloned blastocysts and were enriched in "RNA binding", "nucleotide binding", "embryo development", and "adherens junction". We identified 14 development related genes that were not activated in the cloned embryos. Then, 68 and 245 long non-coding RNAs were recognized abnormally expressed in cloned 2-cell embryos and cloned blastocysts, respectively. Furthermore, we found that incomplete RNA-editing occurred in cloned embryos and might be caused by decreased ADAR expression. In conclusion, our study revealed the abnormal transcripts and deficient RNA-editing sites in cloned embryos and provided new data for further mechanistic studies of somatic nuclear reprogramming.

A sulfonium tethered peptide ligand rapidly and selectively modifies protein cysteine in vicinity.

Significant efforts have been invested to develop site-specific protein modification methodologies in the past two decades. In most cases, a reactive moiety was installed onto ligands with the sole purpose of reacting with specific residues in proteins. Herein, we report a unique peptide macrocyclization method via the bis-alkylation between methionine and cysteine to generate cyclic peptides with significantly enhanced stability and cellular uptake. Notably, when the cyclized peptide ligand selectively recognizes its protein target with a proximate cysteine, a rapid nucleophilic substitution could occur between the protein Cys and the sulfonium center on the peptide to form a conjugate. The conjugation reaction is rapid, facile and selective, triggered solely by proximity. The high target specificity is further proved in cell lysate and hints at its further application in activity based protein profiling. This method enhances the peptide's biophysical properties and generates a selective ligand-directed reactive site for protein modification and fulfills multiple purposes by one modification. This proof-of-concept study reveals its potential for further broad biological applications.

Retinoic Acid Induces Differentiation of Mouse F9 Embryonic Carcinoma Cell by Modulating the miR-485 Targeting of Abhd2.

Retinoic acid (RA) plays a key role in pluripotent cell differentiation. In F9 embryonic carcinoma cells, RA can induce differentiation towards somatic lineages via the Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Ras/Erk) pathway, but the mechanism through which it induces the Erk1/2 phosphorylation is unclear. Here, we show that miR-485 is a positive regulator that targets α/ß-hydrolase domain-containing protein 2 (Abhd2), which can result in Erk1/2 phosphorylation and triggers differentiation. RA up-regulates miR-485 and concurrently down-regulates Abhd2. We verified that Abhd2 is targeted by miR-485 and they both can influence the phosphorylation of Erk1/2. In summary, RA can mediate cell differentiation by phosphorylating Erk1/2 via miR-485 and Abhd2.

SiRNA Delivery with PEGylated Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Combined Photothermal and Genetherapy for Pancreatic Cancer.

Since the successful exfoliation of graphene from graphite in 2004, graphene and graphene oxide (GO) have been considered the most promising two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with distinguished physical and chemical characteristics and have attracted great attention in many different fields. Graphene oxide is well-known for its distinct physiochemical properties and shows only minimal cytotoxicity compared to carbon nanotubes. Until now, only limited efforts have been invested in utilizing GO for gene therapy in pancreatic cancer treatments. In this study, we utilized multi-functionalized monolayer GO as a gene delivery system to efficiently co-deliver HDAC1 and K-Ras siRNAs (small interfering RNAs targeting the HDAC1 gene and the G12C mutant K-Ras gene, respectively) to specifically target pancreatic cancer cells MIA PaCa-2. The systematic mechanistic elucidation of the dual gene silencing effects indicated the inactivation of both the HDAC1 and the K-Ras gene, thereby causing apoptosis, proliferation inhibition and cell cycle arrest in treated MIA PaCa-2 cells. The synergistic combination of gene silencing and NIR light thermotherapy showed significant anticancer efficacy, inhibiting in vivo tumor volume growth by >80%. Furthermore, GO can be metabolized in the mouse model within a reasonable period of time without obvious side effects. Based on preliminary in vivo application, this study for the first time indicates the promising potential of functionalized GO as a vehicle for gene therapy delivery with low toxicity for the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Dual In-Tether Chiral Centers Modulate Peptide Helicity.

The facile chemical modification on the peptide cross-linking moiety is an important strategy for improving the physicochemical properties of a peptide. Herein, peptides were constrained into helical conformations via the synergistic effects of dual in-tether chiral centers. A pentapeptide minimalistic model was used to determine the correlation between the absolute configurations of the dual in-tether chiral centers and the secondary structures of the peptides. This strategy provides an on-tether modification site that does not interrupt the secondary structure of the peptide.

Investigation of Cellular Uptakes of the In-Tether Chiral-Center-Induced Helical Pentapeptides.

We recently reported that a precisely positioned in-tether chiral center can modulate backbone peptides' secondary structures, which provides an unbiased platform to evaluate peptides' biophysical properties solely imposed by secondary structure differences. In this work, we studied the cellular uptake efficiency and mechanism of epimer pairs of a panel of chirality-induced helical peptides (CIH peptides). Although the peptides' cellular uptake is a synergetic result of various factors, our results unambiguously indicate that helical content is an important factor for the cellular uptake of CIH peptides.