RESUMEN
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive types of cancer. Although it has a high mortality rate, there is currently no effective treatment for HCC. Lenvatinib has traditionally been used as the first-line treatment for advanced HCC (aHCC); however, resistance to this therapy is common. It can be difficult to select effective second-line drugs to overcome lenvatinib resistance when treating aHCC. For patients with aHCC, poor treatment efficacy can result in patients missing the optimal treatment window and can lead to an irreversible situation. Lenalidomide has begun to be used to treat HCC; however, to the best of our knowledge, its efficacy in patients with lenvatinib-resistant HCC remains to be reported on in the literature. The present case report, to the best of our knowledge, describes the first case in the literature of a patient with lenvatinib-resistant aHCC who achieved a partial response after the treatment regimen was switched to lenalidomide. The present case report provides a promising novel route for the treatment of lenvatinib-resistant HCC.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical efficacy of osteoplasty combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) alone in treating osteoporosis vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). METHODS: The clinical data of 80 patients with single-level OVCFs treated from January 2021 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and were divided into treatment group and control group according to different surgical methods, 40 patients in each group. In treatment group, there were 24 males and 16 females, aged from 60 to 83 years old with an average of (70.43±7.31) years old;bone mineral density ranged from -3.30 to -2.50 SD with an average of(-2.84±0.24) SD;1 patient with T10, 4 patients with T11, 11 patients with T12, 7 patients with L1, 7 patients with L2, 5 patients with L3, 3 patients with L4, 2 patients with L5;bone setting technique combined with PVP were performed. In control group, there were 27 males and 13 females, aged from 60 to 82 years old with an average of (68.98±6.94) years old;bone mineral density ranged from -3.40 to -2.50 SD with an average of (-2.76±0.23) SD;2 patients with T10, 3 patients with T11, 13 patients with T12, 11 patients with L1, 5 patients with L2, 3 patients with L3, 2 patients with L4, 1 patient with L5;simple PKP were peformed. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and lumbar Oswestry disability index (ODI) were compared between two groups before operation, 3 days, 3 and 12 months after operation. The changes of local kyphotic angle, vertebral wedge angle and vertebral anterior margin height ratio were compared between two groups before operation, 3 days and 12 months after operation. RESULTS: All patients were successfully completed operation. Treatment group were followed up from 13 to 22 months with an average of (16.82±2.14) months, and control group were followed up from 13 to 23 months with an average of (16.45±2.56) months. Three patients were occurred bone cement leakage in treatment group, while 1 patient were occurred bone cement leakage and 1 patient occurred sensory disturbance of lower limb skin in control group;there were no significant difference in complications between two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant difference in preoperative VAS and ODI between two groups (P>0.05). At 3 days after operation, VAS of treatment group 3.68±0.62 was significantly higher than that of control group 4.00±0.72 (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in VAS and ODI between two groups at 3 and 12 months after operation (P>0.05). There were no significant difference in local kyphotic angle, vertebral wedge angle and vertebral anterior margin height between two groups at 3 days and 12 months after operation (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with PKP, bone setting manipulation combined with PVP for the treatment of OVCFs has advantages in early postoperative pain relief. In terms of vertebral height recovery, bone setting manipulation combined with PVP and PKP alone have similar clinical effects.
Asunto(s)
Fracturas por Compresión , Cifoplastia , Fracturas Osteoporóticas , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral , Vertebroplastia , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Anciano , Fracturas por Compresión/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cifoplastia/métodos , Vertebroplastia/métodos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/cirugía , Fracturas Osteoporóticas/cirugía , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Microcystins (MCs) have a significant influence on aquatic ecosystems, but little is known about their terrestrial fate and impact. Here, we investigated the fate of two MCs (MC-LR and MC-RR) in the soil-earthworm system, with consideration of their congener-specific impact on earthworm health, soil bacteria, and soil metabolome. Although MCs had little acute lethal effect on earthworms, they caused obvious growth inhibition and setae rupture. Relative to MC-RR, MC-LR exhibited higher bioaccumulation and the resulting dermal lesions and deformation of longitudinal muscles. While the incorporation of both MCs into soils stimulated pathogenic bacteria and depressed oxidative stress tolerant bacteria, the response among soil nitrification and glutathione metabolism differed between the two congeners. The dissipation kinetics of MCs obeyed the first-order model. Earthworms stimulated soil N-cycling enzyme activities, increased the abundance of MC-degrading bacteria, and promoted bacterial metabolic functions related to glutathione metabolism, xenobiotics biodegradation, and metabolism of amino acids that comprise MCs, which accelerated the dissipation of MC-LR and MC-RR by 227% and 82%, respectively. These results provide evidence of significant congener differences in the terrestrial fate and impact of MCs, which will enable a better understanding of their role in mediating soil functions and ecosystem services.
Asunto(s)
Microcistinas , Oligoquetos , Microbiología del Suelo , Contaminantes del Suelo , Animales , Oligoquetos/metabolismo , Contaminantes del Suelo/metabolismo , Contaminantes del Suelo/toxicidad , Microcistinas/metabolismo , Microcistinas/toxicidad , Suelo/química , Glutatión/metabolismo , Biodegradación Ambiental , Bacterias/metabolismo , BioacumulaciónRESUMEN
Introduction: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is essential in diagnosing cervical spondylosis, providing detailed visualization of osseous and soft tissue structures in the cervical spine. However, manual measurements hinder the assessment of cervical spine sagittal balance, leading to time-consuming and error-prone processes. This study presents the Pyramid DBSCAN Simple Linear Iterative Cluster (PDB-SLIC), an automated segmentation algorithm for vertebral bodies in T2-weighted MR images, aiming to streamline sagittal balance assessment for spinal surgeons. Method: PDB-SLIC combines the SLIC superpixel segmentation algorithm with DBSCAN clustering and underwent rigorous testing using an extensive dataset of T2-weighted mid-sagittal MR images from 4,258 patients across ten hospitals in China. The efficacy of PDB-SLIC was compared against other algorithms and networks in terms of superpixel segmentation quality and vertebral body segmentation accuracy. Validation included a comparative analysis of manual and automated measurements of cervical sagittal parameters and scrutiny of PDB-SLIC's measurement stability across diverse hospital settings and MR scanning machines. Result: PDB-SLIC outperforms other algorithms in vertebral body segmentation quality, with high accuracy, recall, and Jaccard index. Minimal error deviation was observed compared to manual measurements, with correlation coefficients exceeding 95%. PDB-SLIC demonstrated commendable performance in processing cervical spine T2-weighted MR images from various hospital settings, MRI machines, and patient demographics. Discussion: The PDB-SLIC algorithm emerges as an accurate, objective, and efficient tool for evaluating cervical spine sagittal balance, providing valuable assistance to spinal surgeons in preoperative assessment, surgical strategy formulation, and prognostic inference. Additionally, it facilitates comprehensive measurement of sagittal balance parameters across diverse patient cohorts, contributing to the establishment of normative standards for cervical spine MR imaging.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Fifteen to 25% of patients with colorectal cancer have combined liver metastases at the time of diagnosis, whereas an additional 15 to 25% will develop liver metastases after curative resection of primary colorectal cancer, with the vast majority (80-90%) of liver metastases unresponsive to curative resection at first. Colorectal cancer liver metastasis is also the leading cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer. In recent years, several studies have demonstrated that intestinal flora, especially Fusobacterium nucleatum, plays a crucial role in the development of colorectal cancer liver metastasis, so we hypothesized that long-term metronidazole use could effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative liver metastasis in colorectal cancer patients. METHODS/DESIGN: This study is a prospective, single-centre, randomized, double-blind controlled study in which 300 patients will be randomly assigned to the test group or the control group in a 1:1 allocation ratio. The aim of this trial is to demonstrate that long-term oral antibiotics can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative liver metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee at the Chinese Ethics Committee of Registering Clinical Trials (ChiECRCT20210229). The results of this study will be disseminated at several research conferences and as published articles in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100046201. Registered on July 05, 2021.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Metronidazol , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugía , Método Doble Ciego , Incidencia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/prevención & control , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundario , Metronidazol/uso terapéutico , Estudios Prospectivos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) has become the most common malignancy in women. The incidence and detection rates of BC brain metastasis (BCBM) have increased with the progress of imaging, multidisciplinary treatment techniques and the extension of survival time of BC patients. BM seriously affects the quality of life and sur-vival prognosis of BC patients. Therefore, clinical research on the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of BCBM is valuable. By analyzing the clinicopathological parameters of BCBM patients, and assessing the risk factors and prognostic indicators, we can perform hierarchical diagnosis and treatment on the high-risk population of BCBM, and achieve clinical benefits of early diagnosis and treatment. AIM: To explore the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of BCBM, and provide references for diagnosis, treatment and management of BCBM. METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 68 BCBM patients admitted to the Air Force Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (formerly Air Force General Hospital) from 2000 to 2022 were collected. Another 136 BC patients without BM were matched at a ratio of 1:2 based on the age and site of onset for retrospective analysis. Categorical data were subjected to χ2 test or Fisher's exact probability test, and the variables with P < 0.05 in the univariate Cox proportional hazards model were incorporated into the multivariate model to identify high-risk factors and independent prognostic factors of BCBM, with a hazard ratio (HR) > 1 suggesting poor prognostic factors. The survival time of patients was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and overall survival was compared between groups by log-rank test. RESULTS: Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that patients with stage III/IV tumor at initial diagnosis [HR: 5.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.99-15.68], lung metastasis (HR: 24.18, 95%CI: 6.40-91.43), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-overexpressing BC and triple-negative BC were more prone to BM. As can be seen from the prognostic data, 52 of the 68 BCBM patients had died by the end of follow-up, and the median time from diagnosis of BC to the occurrence of BM and from the occurrence of BM to death or last follow-up was 33.5 and 14 mo, respectively. It was confirmed by multivariate Cox regression analysis that patients with neurological symptoms (HR: 1.923, 95%CI: 1.005-3.680), with bone metastasis (HR: 2.011, 95%CI: 1.056-3.831), and BM of HER2-overexpressing and triple-negative BC had shorter survival time. CONCLUSION: HER2-overexpressing, triple-negative BC, late tumor stage and lung metastasis are risk factors of BM. The presence of neurological symptoms, bone metastasis, and molecular type are influencing prognosis factors of BCBM.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore curative effect of conservative treatment of supination-lateral rotation (SER) with type â ¢ and â £ ankle fracture by bone setting technique. METHODS: From January 2017 to December 2019, 64 patients diagnosed with SER with type â ¢ and â £ ankle fracture were treated with manipulative reduction and conservative treatment (manipulation group) and surgical treatment with open reduction and internal fixation (operation group), 32 patients in each group. In manipulation group, there were 17 males and 15 females, aged from 15 to 79 years old with an average of (51.42±13.68) years old;according to Lauge-Hansen classification, there were 8 patients with supination external rotation type â ¢ and 24 patients with type â £. In operation group, there were 13 males and 19 females, aged from 18 to 76 years old with an average of (47.36±15.02) years old;7 patients with type â ¢ and 25 patients with type â £. Displacement of ankle fracture was measured by Digimizer software, and compared before treatment, 3 and 12 months after treatment between two groups. Lateral medial malleolus displacement, lateral medial malleolus displacement, lateral malleolus displacement, lateral malleolus displacement, lateral malleolus contraction displacement and posterior malleolus displacement were measured and compared between two groups. Mazur score was used to evaluate ankle joint function. RESULTS: All patients were followed up from 12 to 36 months with an average of (17.16±9.36) months. There were statistical differences in lateral medial malleolus displacement, lateral medial malleolus displacement, lateral malleolus displacement, lateral malleolus displacement, lateral malleolus contraction displacement and posterior malleolus displacement in manipulation group before and after reduction(P<0.05). Compared with operation group, there were no statistically significant differences in lateral malleolus shift, lateral malleolus shift, lateral malleolus contraction shift(P>0.05), while there were statistically significant differences in lateral malleolus shift, posterior malleolus shift up and down (P<0.05). Mazur scores of ankle joint at 3 months after treatment in manipulation group and operation group were 68.84±13.08 and 82.53±7.31, respectively, and had statistical differences(P<0.05), while there was no difference in evaluation of clnical effect(P>0.05). There were no differences in Mazur score and evaluation of clnical effect between two groups at 12 months after treatment (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Bone setting technique could effectively correct lateral displacement of medial malleolus, lateral displacement of medial malleolus, lateral displacement of lateral malleolus and lateral contraction displacement of lateral malleolus in supination lateral rotation type â ¢ and â £ ankle fracture, and has good long-term clinical effect, which could avoid operation for some patients and restore ankle function after fracture.
Asunto(s)
Fracturas de Tobillo , Tratamiento Conservador , Femenino , Masculino , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Fracturas de Tobillo/cirugía , Supinación , Peroné , Articulación del Tobillo/cirugíaRESUMEN
Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), as precursors of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, are difficult to analyze due to their high volatility and matrix interference. A method based on single-factor experiments and response surface methodology design was developed for simultaneous analysis of three common FTOHs in vegetables and soils, using single extraction, dispersive solid phase extraction cleanup, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in negative chemical ionization. The method improved the extraction efficiency up to â¼40 folds and showed a commendable linearity range (1-100 ng/mL, R2 > 0.991), low limit of detection (0.025-0.897 ng/g, dry weight (dw)), and high accuracy and precision (83 ± 7.2-117 ± 6.0% recoveries at 2-20 ng/g fortification levels). It was successfully applied to determine the FTOHs in real vegetables and soils, demonstrating its feasibility for routine analysis. Concentrations of the FTOHs ranged from 3.5 to 37.9 ng/g (dw) and from 6.5 to 141.0 ng/g (dw), respectively, in the vegetables and soils collected nearby fluorochemical factories, which warrants further investigations on FTOH pollution and food safety concerns for which the developed method will be useful.
Asunto(s)
Fluorocarburos , Verduras , Suelo , Fluorocarburos/análisis , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Alcoholes/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease with skin mucosal pigment spots and gastrointestinal (GI) multiple hamartoma polyps as clinical characteristics. At present, it is considered that the germline mutation of STK11 gene is the genetic cause of PJS. However, not all PJS patients can be detected STK11 germline mutations. The specific clinical characteristics of these PJS patients without STK11 mutation is an interesting clinical question. Or, like wild type GI stromal tumor, whether these PJS without STK11 mutation are also called PJS is worth discussing. Therefore, we designed the study to understand the clinical characteristics of these PJS patients without STK11 mutation. AIM: To investigates whether PJS patients with known STK11 mutations have a more severe spectrum of clinical phenotypes compared to those without. METHODS: A total of 92 patients with PJS admitted to the Air Force Medical Center from 2010 to 2022 were randomly selected for study. Genomic DNA samples were extracted from peripheral blood samples, and pathogenic germline mutations of STK11 were detected by high-throughput next-generation gene sequencing. Clinical-pathologic manifestations of patients with and without STK11/LKB1 mutations were compared. RESULTS: STK11 germline mutations were observed in 73 patients with PJS. Among 19 patients with no detectable STK11 mutations, six had no pathogenic germline mutations of other genes, while 13 had other genetic mutations. Compared with PJS patients with STK11 mutations, those without tended to be older at the age of initial treatment, age of first intussusception and age of initial surgery. They also had a lower number of total hospitalizations relating to intussusception or intestinal obstruction, and a lower load of small intestine polyps. CONCLUSION: PJS patients without STK11 mutations might have less severe clinical-pathologic manifestations than those with.
Asunto(s)
Intususcepción , Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers , Humanos , Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers/genética , Pueblos del Este de Asia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , Mutación , Mutación de Línea Germinal , Quinasas de la Proteína-Quinasa Activada por el AMPRESUMEN
Some industrial wastewaters contain high amounts of toxic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, which may inhibit the efficiency of biological treatment. This work systematically investigated how exogenous pyridine affected the anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) system and discussed the microscopic response mechanisms based on genes and enzymes. The anammox efficiency was not seriously inhibited by pyridine less than 50 mg/L. Bacteria secreted more extracellular polymeric substances to resist pyridine stress. After 6 days stress with 80 mg/L pyridine, the nitrogen removal rate of anammox system lost 47.7%. Long-term stress of pyridine reduced anammox bacteria by 7.26% and the expression of functional genes by 45%. Pyridine could actively bind to hydrazine synthase and ammonium transporter. This work fills a research gap in the ongoing threat of pyridines to anammox, and has guiding value for the application of anammox process in the treatment of ammonia-rich wastewater containing pyridine.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos de Amonio , Oxidación Anaeróbica del Amoníaco , Reactores Biológicos/microbiología , Oxidación-Reducción , Compuestos de Amonio/metabolismo , Aguas Residuales , Bacterias/metabolismo , Piridinas/metabolismo , Nitrógeno/metabolismo , Desnitrificación , Aguas del AlcantarilladoRESUMEN
Machine learning (ML) models were developed for understanding the root uptake of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) under complex PFAS-crop-soil interactions. Three hundred root concentration factor (RCF) data points and 26 features associated with PFAS structures, crop properties, soil properties, and cultivation conditions were used for the model development. The optimal ML model, obtained by stratified sampling, Bayesian optimization, and 5-fold cross-validation, was explained by permutation feature importance, individual conditional expectation plot, and 3D interaction plot. The results showed that soil organic carbon contents, pH, chemical logP, soil PFAS concentration, root protein contents, and exposure time greatly affected the root uptake of PFASs with 0.43, 0.25, 0.10, 0.05, 0.05, and 0.05 of relative importance, respectively. Furthermore, these factors presented the key threshold ranges in favor of the PFAS uptake. Carbon-chain length was identified as the critical molecular structure affecting root uptake of PFASs with 0.12 of relative importance, based on the extended connectivity fingerprints. A user-friendly model was established with symbolic regression for accurately predicting RCF values of the PFASs (including branched PFAS isomerides). The present study provides a novel approach for profound insight into the uptake of PFASs by crops under complex PFAS-crop-soil interactions, aiming to ensure food safety and human health.
Asunto(s)
Fluorocarburos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Humanos , Suelo/química , Carbono , Teorema de Bayes , Fluorocarburos/análisis , Aprendizaje Automático , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a clinically rare disease with pigmented spots on the lips and mucous membranes and extremities, scattered gastrointestinal polyps, and susceptibility to tumors as clinical manifestations. Effective preventive and curative methods are still lacking. Here we summarize our experience with 566 Chinese patients with PJS from a Chinese medical center with regard to the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. AIM: To explore the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of PJS in a Chinese medical center. METHODS: The diagnosis and treatment information of 566 cases of PJS admitted to the Air Force Medical Center from January 1994 to October 2022 was summarized. A clinical database was established covering age, gender, ethnicity, family history, age at first treatment, time and sequence of appearance of mucocutaneous pigmentation, polyp distribution, quantity, and diameter, frequency of hospitalization, frequency of surgical operations, etc. The clinical data was retrospectively analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Of all the patients included, 55.3% were male and 44.7% were female. Median time to the appearance of mucocutaneous pigmentation was 2 years, and median time from the appearance of mucocutaneous pigmentation to the occurrence of abdominal symptoms was 10 years. The vast majority (92.2%) of patients underwent small bowel endoscopy and treatment, with 2.3% having serious complications. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of enteroscopies between patients with and without canceration (P = 0.004, Z = -2.882); 71.2% of patients underwent surgical operation, 75.6% of patients underwent surgical operation before the age of 35 years, and there was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of surgical operations between patients with and without cancer (P = 0.000, Z = -5.127). At 40 years of age, the cumulative risk of intussusception in PJS was approximately 72.0%, and at 50 years, the cumulative risk of intussusception in PJS was approximately 89.6%. At 50 years of age, the cumulative risk of cancer in PJS was approximately 49.3%, and at 60 years of age, the cumulative risk of cancer in PJS was approximately 71.7%. CONCLUSION: The risk of intussusception and cancer of PJS polyps increases with age. PJS patients ≥ 10 years old should undergo annual enteroscopy. Endoscopic treatment has a good safety profile and can reduce the occurrence of polyps intussusception and cancer. Surgery should be conducted to protect the gastrointestinal system by removing polyps.
Asunto(s)
Intususcepción , Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers , Pólipos , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pueblos del Este de Asia , Endoscopía Gastrointestinal/métodos , Intususcepción/etiología , Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers/complicaciones , Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers/cirugía , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Microplastics (MPs) usually coexist with heavy metals (HMs) in soil. MPs can influence HMs mobility and bioavailability, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, polyethylene and polypropylene MPs were selected to investigate their effects and mechanisms of sorption-desorption, bioaccessibility and bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) in paddy soil. Batch experiments indicated that MPs significantly reduced the Cd sorption in soil (p < 0.05). Accordingly, soil with the MPs had lower boundary diffusion constant of Cd (C1= 0.847â¼1.020) and the Freundlich sorption constant (KF = 0.444-0.616) than that without the MPs (C1 = 0.894â¼1.035, KF = 0.500-0.655). X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses suggested that the MPs reduced Cd chemisorption, by covering the soil active sites and thus blocking complexation of Cd with active oxygen sites and interrupting the formation of CdCO3 and Cd3P2 precipitates. Such effects of MPs enhanced about 1.2-1.5 times of Cd bioaccessibility and bioavailability in soil. Almost the same effects but different mechanisms of polyethylene and polypropylene MPs on Cd sorption in the soil indicated the complexity and pervasiveness of their effects. The findings provide new insights into impacts of MPs on the fate and risk of HMs in agricultural soil.
Asunto(s)
Metales Pesados , Contaminantes del Suelo , Microplásticos/química , Cadmio/química , Plásticos/química , Suelo , Polietileno/química , Polipropilenos , Disponibilidad Biológica , Adsorción , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisisRESUMEN
Huge volumes of wastewater containing organic flotation reagents such as xanthates have been released into the environment via mining activities, greatly threatening the eco-environment safety. A simple and fast method is urgently needed for accurate analysis of various xanthates in mining and environmental water. Here, a robust method is realized for simultaneous determination of three trace xanthates (i.e., potassium ethyl xanthate, potassium butyl xanthate, and potassium isopropyl xanthate) in environmental water samples, including eutrophic water and flotation wastewater using solid phase extraction (SPE) and HPLC-MS/MS. HPLC-MS/MS parameters, SPE cartridges and eluting solvents, pH values, and SPE procedures were optimized. The new method had an excellent linearity in the range of 1-1000 µg/L (R2 ≥ 0.998), low limits of detection (0.02-0.68 µg/L), and satisfactory accuracy and precision (72.9%-107.6% of average recoveries and <5% of relative standard deviations at 1, 10, 50, and 500 µg/L of xanthates). This is a first method developed for determination of trace xanthates in water samples. It was successfully applied to determine the target analytes in outdated flotation wastewater and river water samples, warranting the occurrence of trace xanthates (0.13-16.9 µg/L) in water and necessity of systematic investigation on environmental fate and risk of xanthates.
Asunto(s)
Insecticidas , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Aguas Residuales/química , Agua/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Extracción en Fase Sólida/métodos , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Insecticidas/análisis , PotasioRESUMEN
The effective deployment of an intelligent reflecting mirror array (IRMA) can enhance channel quality and improve the system performance in visible light communications (VLC) systems. This paper focuses on the performance analysis and parameter optimization of an IRMA-aided VLC system. Initially, the channel gains of both line-of-sight (LoS) link and non-LoS links are analyzed. Then, considering the blockage probability of a LoS link, a theoretical expression of the average bit error rate (ABER) is derived. To further improve the system performance, the optimization problems about the parameters of the IRMA are formulated, and schemes are proposed to solve these problems. Moreover, a kind of hardware implementation of the IRMA is provided. Numerical results verify the accuracy of the derived ABER expression and the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
RESUMEN
Formaldehyde (FA) serves as a prevailing air pollutant, which has seriously threatened public health in recent years. Of all the known health effects, lung injury is one of the most severe risks. However, little is known about the circRNAs related molecular mechanism in the development of lung injury induced by FA. This study was designed to explore the potential roles of dysregulated circRNAs as well as its mechanism in FA-induced lung injury. In the present study, 24 male SD rats were exposed to formaldehyde (control, 0.5, 2.46 and 5 mg/m3) for 8 h per day for 8 weeks to induce lung injury. We used H&E staining to evaluate the histopathological changes of lung injury indifferent groups. The expression of circRNAs in lung tissue was detected by real-time PCR. Meanwhile, circRNA/miRNA/mRNA interaction networks were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. Our study revealed that formaldehyde exposure resulted in abnormal histopathological changes in lung tissues. Moreover, the expression of rno_circRNA_008646 was significantly higher in lung tissues of formaldehyde exposure rats than in control. Bioinformatics analysis showed that one potential target miRNA/mRNA for rno_circRNA_008646 was rno-miR-224/Forkhead Box I1 (FOXI1). Besides, luciferase report gene confirmed that there was targeted binding relationship between rno_circRNA_008646 and rno-miR-224, rno-miR-224 and FOXI1. Further verification experiments indicated that the expression of rno_circRNA_008646 was negatively correlated rno-miR-224, while it was positively correlated with FOXI1. JASPAR database showed transcription factor FOXI1 located in promotor of CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR). Both FOXI1 and CFTR were up-regulated in lung tissues after formaldehyde exposure. In conclusion, our findings suggested that formaldehyde may induce lung injury, and this may be caused by up-regulatedrno_circRNA_008646, which medicated rno-miR-224/FOXI1/CFTR axis.
Asunto(s)
Lesión Pulmonar , MicroARNs , Animales , Regulador de Conductancia de Transmembrana de Fibrosis Quística , Formaldehído/efectos adversos , Formaldehído/toxicidad , Lesión Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Masculino , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , ARN Circular , ARN Mensajero , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Hipersensibilidad RespiratoriaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To observe the radiological change and curative effect of cervical spondylosis treated with cervical vertebra pulling therapy in young people. METHODS: A total of 65 patients(shedding in 5 patients and final inclusion in 60 patients) with cervical spondylosis who were treated from January 2018 to September 2019 were randomly divided into treatment group and control group according to the digital table method. There were 30 patients in treatment group, including 14 males and 18 females, aged from 20 to 44 years old with an average of(29.83±6.99) years, who were treated with cervical vertebra pulling therapy(once a week, 4 times in total). The control group consisted of 30 cases, 12 males and 18 females, aged from 18 to 43 years old with an average of (31.77±5.93) years, who received sitting traction therapy(once a week, 4 times in total). The changes of C2-C7 Cobb angle, arc-chord distance and T1 slope (T1S) in two groups were observed before treatment and 1 month after treatment, for intra-group and inter-group comparison;and the changes of numerical rating scale(NRS) in two groups were observed before treatment and 1, 3 months after treatment, for intra-group and inter-group comparison. RESULTS: Sixty patients were followed up for (3.2±0.3) months. There were no significant differences in NRS, C2-C7 Cobb angle, arc-chord distance and T1S between two groups before treatment (P>0.05). One month after treatment, the NRS, C2-C7 Cobb angle, arc-chord distance and T1S were(1.67±0.76) scores, (16.55±6.01)°, (10.95±4.04)mm, (18.95±4.19)° in treatment group and(1.40±0.86) scores, (10.23±5.94) °, (6.11±4.17) mm, (13.34±4.25)° in control group respectively. C2-C7 Cobb angle, arc-chord distance and T1S in treatment group were better than those in control group (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in NRS between two groups (P>0.05). Compared with before treatment, there were statistically significant differences in C2-C7 Cobb angle, arc-chord distance and T1S in treatment group(P<0.05), but no statistically significant differences in control group(P>0.05). Three months after operation, NRS of treatment group was (1.60±0.62) scores and that of control group was (4.17±0.70) scores. The treatment group was better than the control group(P<0.05). The scores of treatment group after treatment were lower than those before treatment(P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in control group before and after treatment(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Cervical vertebra pulling method and cervical vertebra sitting traction can relieve the pain symptoms of patients with cervical spondylosis, but the effect of cervical vertebra pulling method is more durable;cervical vertebra pulling method can correct abnormal cervical sagittal parameters.
Asunto(s)
Laminoplastia , Lordosis , Espondilosis , Adolescente , Adulto , Vértebras Cervicales/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Laminoplastia/métodos , Lordosis/cirugía , Masculino , Cuello , Estudios Retrospectivos , Espondilosis/cirugía , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There has been a lack of research in the past on the prevalence and risk factors associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with resectable gastric and colorectal cancers. The purpose of this study was to review the anatomical distribution, prevalence and risk factors associated with lower limb DVT in 1750 patients with preoperative gastric and colorectal cancers and to evaluate the role of preoperative ultrasonography in the detection of DVT in preventing postoperative pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in patients with gastric and colorectal cancers. METHODS: A total of 1750 patients with gastric and colorectal cancers who underwent preoperative venous ultrasonography of the lower limbs were retrospectively reviewed. The risk factors associated with preoperative DVT were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Seventy-three of the 1750 patients with gastric and colorectal cancers had DVT detected by preoperative venous ultrasonography of the lower limb and the incidence of lower limb DVT was 4.17 % in 1750 patients with gastric and colorectal cancers. Univariate analysis showed a higher risk of DVT in patients who met the following criteria: aged ≥80 years, female sex, the performance status ≥1, stage IV, ASA class ≥ III/IV, and hypertension. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female sex, stage IV and ASA class ≥ III/IV were significantly associated with DVT before gastric and colorectal cancer surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that female sex, stage IV and ASA class ≥ III/IV were significantly associated with DVT before gastric and colorectal cancer surgery. Routine venous ultrasonography for the lower limb can identify the risk of PTE, which is of great significance in the prevention and occurrence of PTE.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Embolia Pulmonar , Trombosis de la Vena , Neoplasias Colorrectales/complicaciones , Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Embolia Pulmonar/complicaciones , Embolia Pulmonar/etiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Ultrasonografía , Trombosis de la Vena/diagnóstico por imagen , Trombosis de la Vena/etiologíaRESUMEN
Background: Appropriate gastrointestinal reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative complications in patients with proximal early gastric cancer. However, there is still great controversy about the choice of digestive tract reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy, and there is no clinical consensus on the choice of digestive tract reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy. Currently, there is a lack of large-sample, prospective, randomized controlled studies to compare the efficacy of Kamikawa, double-tract reconstruction, and tube-like stomach reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy. Methods/design: This study will investigate the efficacy of three reconstruction methods after proximal gastrectomy in a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial, which will enroll 180 patients with proximal early gastric cancer. Patients will be randomly divided into three groups: Group A (Kamikawa, n = 60), Group B (double-tract reconstruction, n = 60), and Group C (tube-like stomach, n = 60). The general information, past medical history, laboratory findings, imaging findings, and surgical procedures of the patients will be recorded and analyzed. The incidence of reflux esophagitis will be recorded as the primary endpoint. The incidence of anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stenosis, operative time and intraoperative blood loss will be recorded as secondary endpoints. Discussion: This study will establish a large-sample, prospective, randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy of Kamikawa, double-tract reconstruction, and tube-like stomach reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy. Trial registration: This study was approved by the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and registered on April 30, 2021. The registration number is ChiCTR2100045975.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The optimal preoperative preparation for elective colorectal cancer surgery has been debated in academic circles for decades. Previously, several expert teams have conducted studies on whether preoperative mechanical bowel preparation and oral antibiotics can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, such as surgical site infections and anastomotic leakage. Most of the results of these studies have suggested that preoperative mechanical bowel preparation for elective colon surgery has no significant effect on the occurrence of surgical site infections and anastomotic leakage. METHODS/DESIGN: This study will examine whether oral antibiotic bowel preparation (OABP) influences the incidence of anastomotic leakage after surgery in a prospective, multicentre, randomized controlled trial that will enrol 1500 patients who require colon surgery. The primary endpoint, incidence of anastomotic leakage, is based on 2.3% in the OABP ± mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) group in the study by Morris et al. Patients will be randomized (1:1) into two groups: the test group will be given antibiotics (both neomycin 1 g and metronidazole 0.9 g) the day before surgery, and the control group will not receive any special intestinal preparation before surgery, including oral antibiotics or mechanical intestinal preparation. All study-related clinical data, such as general patient information, past medical history, laboratory examination, imaging results, and surgery details, will be recorded before surgery and during the time of hospitalization. The occurrence of postoperative fistulas, including anastomotic leakage, will be recorded as the main severe postoperative adverse event and will represent the primary endpoint. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval was obtained from the Chinese Ethics Committee of Registering Clinical Trials (ChiECRCT20200173). The results of this study will be disseminated at several research conferences and as published articles in peer-reviewed journals. Protocol was revised on November 22, 2021, version 4.0. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR2000035550 . Registered on 13 Aug 2020.