Experimental Limits on Solar Reflected Dark Matter with a New Approach on Accelerated-Dark-Matter-Electron Analysis in Semiconductors.

Recently a dark matter-electron (DM-electron) paradigm has drawn much attention. Models beyond the standard halo model describing DM accelerated by high energy celestial bodies are under intense examination as well. In this Letter, a velocity components analysis (VCA) method dedicated to swift analysis of accelerated DM-electron interactions via semiconductor detectors is proposed and the first HPGe detector-based accelerated DM-electron analysis is realized. Utilizing the method, the first germanium based constraint on sub-GeV solar reflected DM-electron interaction is presented with the 205.4 kg·day dataset from the CDEX-10 experiment. In the heavy mediator scenario, our result excels in the mass range of 5-15 keV/c^{2}, achieving a 3 orders of magnitude improvement comparing with previous semiconductor experiments. In the light mediator scenario, the strongest laboratory constraint for DM lighter than 0.1 MeV/c^{2} is presented. The result proves the feasibility and demonstrates the vast potential of the VCA technique in future accelerated DM-electron analyses with semiconductor detectors.

[Associations between risk factor control and survival among cancer patients].

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the associations between the number of cardiovascular risk factor goals achieved with all-cause mortality, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD)-related mortality, and cancer-related mortality amongst cancer patients. Methods: From 2006 to 2020, a total of 2 079 individuals with newly diagnosed cancer, free of ASCVD, were enrolled in this study from the Kailuan cohort. Patients were classified into three groups (group 1,≤1 risk factor at goal, n=407; group 2, 2 risk factors at goal, n=865; group 3,≥3 risk factors at goal, n=807) according to the control status of blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, using health checkup results of the latest survey after cancer diagnosis. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between the number of risk factors at goals with all-cause mortality, ASCVD-related mortality, and cancer-related mortality. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was (60.4±10.4) years, and 71.2% were male. During a median follow-up of 2.95 (1.38, 5.12) years, 600 cases of all-cause mortality, 63 cases of ASCVD-related mortality, and 314 cases of cancer-related mortality were observed. After adjusting for age, gender, education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, salt intake, physical activity, body mass index, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, family history of cardiovascular diseases, antihypertensive drugs, hypoglycemic drugs, lipid-lowering drugs, and anti-cancer medications, compared with cancer patients achieving ≤1 risk factor goal, those achieving ≥3 risk factor goals showed significantly decreased risk of all-cause mortality, ASCVD mortality, and cancer mortality, with HR (95%CI) of 0.68 (0.54-0.86), 0.35 (0.16-0.77), and 0.60 (0.43-0.82), respectively (all P values <0.05). Significant relationships between the number of risk factor goals achieved and decreased mortality of all kinds were observed (all P values for trend<0.05). Results of the subgroup analyses suggested that the associations between the number of risk factor goals achieved and lower mortality of all kinds were more prominent among individuals who were ≥60 years, male, and those with respiratory and reproductive cancers (all P values <0.05). Conclusions: This study suggested a significant association between the number of cardiovascular risk factor goals achieved and survival in cancer patients, especially amongst those who were older, male, with respiratory cancers and reproductive cancers.

Modeling the charge collection efficiency in the Li-diffused inactive layer of P-type high purity germanium detector.

A model of the Li-diffused inactive layer in P-type high purity germanium detectors is built to describe the transportation of charge carriers and calculate the charge collection efficiency therein. The model is applied to calculate charge collection efficiency of a P-type point-contact germanium detector used in rare event physics experiments and validated in another P-type semi-planar germanium detector. The calculated charge collection efficiency curves are well consistent with measurements for both detectors. Effects of the Li doping processes on the charge collection efficiency are discussed based on the model. This model can be easily extended to other P-type germanium detectors, for instance, the P-type broad-energy Ge detector, and the P-type inverted-coaxial point-contact detector.

Two cases of fetal inguinoscrotal hernia and review of the literature.

Fetal inguinal hernia is quite rare and here we report two cases of prenatally diagnosed inguinoscrotal hernia to add to the limited understanding of this rare condition. The disappearance of blood flow signal in the scrotum may be helpful in detecting fetal incarcerated inguinoscrotal hernia that may progress to strangulation. If bowel dilatation was observed in such cases, the physician should be alert to identify primary intestinal obstruction caused by congenital digestive tract malformation and secondary intestinal obstruction caused by incarceration.

Constraints on Sub-GeV Dark Matter-Electron Scattering from the CDEX-10 Experiment.

We present improved germanium-based constraints on sub-GeV dark matter via dark matter-electron (χ-e) scattering using the 205.4 kg·day dataset from the CDEX-10 experiment. Using a novel calculation technique, we attain predicted χ-e scattering spectra observable in high-purity germanium detectors. In the heavy mediator scenario, our results achieve 3 orders of magnitude of improvement for m_{χ} larger than 80 MeV/c^{2} compared to previous germanium-based χ-e results. We also present the most stringent χ-e cross-section limit to date among experiments using solid-state detectors for m_{χ} larger than 90 MeV/c^{2} with heavy mediators and m_{χ} larger than 100 MeV/c^{2} with electric dipole coupling. The result proves the feasibility and demonstrates the vast potential of a new χ-e detection method with high-purity germanium detectors in ultralow radioactive background.

Exotic Dark Matter Search with the CDEX-10 Experiment at China's Jinping Underground Laboratory.

A search for exotic dark matter (DM) in the sub-GeV mass range has been conducted using 205 kg day data taken from a p-type point contact germanium detector of the CDEX-10 experiment at China's Jinping underground laboratory. New low-mass dark matter searching channels, neutral current fermionic DM absorption (χ+A→ν+A) and DM-nucleus 3→2 scattering (χ+χ+A→ϕ+A), have been analyzed with an energy threshold of 160 eVee. No significant signal was found; thus new limits on the DM-nucleon interaction cross section are set for both models at the sub-GeV DM mass region. A cross section limit for the fermionic DM absorption is set to be 2.5×10^{-46} cm^{2} (90% C.L.) at DM mass of 10 MeV/c^{2}. For the DM-nucleus 3→2 scattering scenario, limits are extended to DM mass of 5 and 14 MeV/c^{2} for the massless dark photon and bound DM final state, respectively.

[Characteristics and the first CD4+T lymphocytes test of newly-reported HIV/AIDS cases aged 50 years and above in the third round of China comprehensive AIDS response program].

Objective: To understand the characteristics and the first CD4+T lymphocytes (CD4) test of newly-reported HIV/AIDS cases aged 50 years and above in the third round of China comprehensive AIDS response (CARES) program. Methods: The data of newly-reported HIV/AIDS cases aged 50 years and above from 2014 to 2018 were collected from the National Information system for HIV/AIDS Control and Prevention of Chinese System for Disease Control and Prevention. The Cochran-Armitage trend test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: There were 8 288, 9 512, 11 315, 13 091, and 14 673 newly-reported cases of HIV/AIDS aged 50 years and above in the third round of China CARES in 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018, respectively, for a total of 56 879 cases. The majority of cases were male (75.7%). The main route of transmission was heterosexual transmission (87.8%). Most of the cases were diagnosed by medical institutions (68.6%). 69.6% of HIV/AIDS cases completed the first CD4 test within 10 working days after the diagnosis of HIV infection. Among the 29 078 HIV/AIDS cases who had their first CD4 test immediately after diagnosis of HIV infection, the proportions of CD4 cell count <200 cells/µl and <500 cells/µl were 66.5% and 93.8%, respectively. The results of logistic regression analysis of the factors related to the first CD4 test immediately showed that, compared to cases with an education level of elementary school and below, OR (95%CI) values for timely CD4 testing of cases with an education level of junior high school, high school or technical secondary school and junior college or above were 1.113 (1.063-1.166), 1.205 (1.128-1.289) and 1.277 (1.160-1.406) respectively. Compared to cases aged 50-59 years, OR (95%CI) values for timely CD4 testing of cases aged 70-79 years and ≥80 years were 0.864 (0.816-0.914) and 0.612 (0.554-0.676), respectively. Compared to cases diagnosed by HIV voluntary counseling and testing, OR (95%CI) value for timely CD4 testing of cases diagnosed by medical institutions was 0.750 (0.714-0.788). Conclusions: The number of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases aged 50 and above was increasing year by year in the third round of China CARES, with a predominance of men and previous infections. The proportion of timely CD4 tests was drastically increasing. The factors associated with timely CD4 test included primary school or below education level, ≥70 years old, and cases diagnosed by medical institutions. The third round of China CARES should focus on strengthening the prevention of AIDS and early detection of HIV/AIDS cases among the elderly.

Label-free proteomics study on Shewanella putrefaciens regulated by ε-poly-lysine treatment.

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory mechanism of ε-PL on Shewanella putrefaciens. METHODS AND RESULTS: Proteomics analysis of inhibitory effect of ε-PL against S. putrefaciens was performed by label-free quantitative assay based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS). Quantification of 2206 proteins was obtained with high confidence, and a total of 36 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), with 10 and 26 proteins showing upregulation and downregulation, respectively, were identified. Upon Go functional enrichment, 11, 5 and 8 specific Go terms in biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components were identified, respectively. Six KEGG pathways, including 'ribosome', were significantly enriched. Among the ribosome pathway, there were seven DEPs and all of them were distributed on large and small subunits of ribosome. CONCLUSIONS: The significant downregulation of proteins, large subunits of ribosomal proteins RP-L18, L30 and L27, small subunits ribosomal proteins S16 and S20, and RNA polymerase ß' subunit protein rpoC were the critical action sites of ε-PL to inhibit S. putrefaciens growth. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Shewanella putrefaciens is one of the representative fish-spoilage bacteria regardless of fish type, and poses significant problems for the fish brewery. A better understanding of the antibacterial mechanism of ε-PL on S. putrefaciens could make important contributions to development of biological control strategies of these economically important pathogens.

A radiomics-clinical nomogram for preoperative prediction of IDH1 mutation in primary glioblastoma multiforme.

AIM: To develop and validate an individualised radiomics-clinical nomogram for the prediction of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation status in primary glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) based on radiomics features and clinical variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were obtained of 122 patients with primary glioblastoma (development cohort = 101; validation cohort = 21). Radiomics features were extracted from total tumour based on the post-contrast high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted MRI images. Radiomics features were selected by using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) binomial regression model with nested cross-validation. Then, a radiomics-clinical nomogram was constructed by combining relevant radiomics features and clinical variables and subsequently tested by using the independent validation cohort. RESULTS: A total of 105 features were quantified on the 3D MRI images of each patient, and eight were selected to construct the radiomics model for predicting IDH1 mutation status. The mean classification accuracy and mean κ value achieved with the model were 88.4±3% and 0.701±0.08, respectively. The radiomics-clinical nomogram, which combines eight radiomics features and three clinical variables (patient age, sex and tumour location), demonstrated good discrimination (C-index 0.934 [95% CI, 0.874 to 0.994]; F1 score 0.78) and performed well with the validation cohort (C-index 0.963 [95% CI, 0.957 to 0.969]; F1 score 0.91; AUC 0.956). CONCLUSIONS: A radiomics-clinical nomogram was developed and proved to be valuable in the non-invasive, individualised prediction of the IDH1 mutation status in patients with primary GBM. The nomogram can be applied using clinical conditions to facilitate preoperative patient evaluation.

Direct Detection Constraints on Dark Photons with the CDEX-10 Experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory.

We report constraints on the dark photon effective kinetic mixing parameter (κ) with data taken from two p-type point-contact germanium detectors of the CDEX-10 experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. The 90% confidence level upper limits on κ of solar dark photon from 205.4 kg-day exposure are derived, probing new parameter space with masses (m_{V}) from 10 to 300 eV/c^{2} in direct detection experiments. Considering dark photon as the cosmological dark matter, limits at 90% confidence level with m_{V} from 0.1 to 4.0 keV/c^{2} are set from 449.6 kg-day data, with a minimum of κ=1.3×10^{-15} at m_{V}=200 eV/c^{2}.

Search for Light Weakly-Interacting-Massive-Particle Dark Matter by Annual Modulation Analysis with a Point-Contact Germanium Detector at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory.

We present results on light weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) searches with annual modulation (AM) analysis on data from a 1-kg mass p-type point-contact germanium detector of the CDEX-1B experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. Datasets with a total live time of 3.2 yr within a 4.2-yr span are analyzed with analysis threshold of 250 eVee. Limits on WIMP-nucleus (χ-N) spin-independent cross sections as function of WIMP mass (m_{χ}) at 90% confidence level (C.L.) are derived using the dark matter halo model. Within the context of the standard halo model, the 90% C.L. allowed regions implied by the DAMA/LIBRA and CoGeNT AM-based analysis are excluded at >99.99% and 98% C.L., respectively. These results correspond to the best sensitivity at m_{χ}<6 GeV/c^{2} among WIMP AM measurements to date.

Constraints on Spin-Independent Nucleus Scattering with sub-GeV Weakly Interacting Massive Particle Dark Matter from the CDEX-1B Experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory.

We report results on the searches of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with sub-GeV masses (m_{χ}) via WIMP-nucleus spin-independent scattering with Migdal effect incorporated. Analysis on time-integrated (TI) and annual modulation (AM) effects on CDEX-1B data are performed, with 737.1 kg day exposure and 160 eVee threshold for TI analysis, and 1107.5 kg day exposure and 250 eVee threshold for AM analysis. The sensitive windows in m_{χ} are expanded by an order of magnitude to lower DM masses with Migdal effect incorporated. New limits on σ_{χN}^{SI} at 90% confidence level are derived as 2×10^{-32}∼7×10^{-35} cm^{2} for TI analysis at m_{χ}∼50-180 MeV/c^{2}, and 3×10^{-32}∼9×10^{-38} cm^{2} for AM analysis at m_{χ}∼75 MeV/c^{2}-3.0 GeV/c^{2}.

PLCE1 inhibits apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer via promoting PTEN methylation.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) in regulating cell apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its underlying mechanism. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The mRNA and protein levels of PLCE1 in NSCLC tissues, adjacent normal tissues and NSCLC cell lines (A549 and H1299) were detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. Methylation status in the promoter region of PTEN in NSCLC cells was accessed using the relative commercial kit. Cell apoptosis after transfection of PLCE1 siRNA in NSCLC cells was detected by flow cytometry. Protein expressions of apoptosis-related genes in NSCLC cells after altering PLCE1 expression were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: PLCE1 was highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and cell lines than that of controls. PLCE1 knockdown promoted PTEN expression and inhibited methylation in H1299 cells. Transfection of PLCE1 siRNA in NSCLC cells remarkably induced cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: PLCE1 inhibits cell apoptosis of NSCLC by promoting PTEN methylation.

Physcion 8-O-ß-glucopyranoside exhibits anti-growth and anti-metastatic activities in ovarian cancer by downregulating miR-25.

OBJECTIVE: Ovarian cancer ranks 5th leading cause of cancer-related death in females worldwide. Physcion 8-O-ß-glucopyranoside (PG) is an anthraquinone compound isolated from Rumex japonicus Houtt. This study aimed at investigating the effect of PG on ovarian cancer cells. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. Colony formation assay evaluated whether PG could affect anchorage-independent growth. Whether PG affected cell cycle progression was examined by flow cytometry. The morphological changes caused by PG were visualized by microscopy. Apoptosis was quantitatively analyzed by flow cytometry. The effect of PG on cell migration and invasion was assessed by wound healing and transwell, respectively. The effect of PG on the expression of molecular markers was determined by Western blot. Microarray assay was performed to identify the potential target of PG. RESULTS: Results from the present study showed that PG decreased ovarian cancer cells viability. Colony formation assay also showed that PG suppressed the anchorage-independent growth of SKOV3 and OVCAR-3 cells. PG triggered cell cycle arrest at G1/G0 phase. The pro-apoptotic activity of PG was confirmed by flow cytometry, activation of caspase-3 and PARP, upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2. The ability of PG to inhibit migration and invasion was evidenced by a decrease in wound healing and invasive cell number, as well as downregulation of MMP-2 and upregulation of TIMP-3. Microarray and qRT-PCR showed that miR-25 expression was downregulated by PG treatment. Moreover, our results indicated that the anti-cancer activities of PG were augmented by miR-25 knockdown and attenuated by ectopic miR-25 expression. CONCLUSIONS: PG exhibited anti-cancer activity in ovarian cancer by downregulating miR-25.

MiR-218 suppresses metastasis and invasion of endometrial cancer via negatively regulating ADD2.

OBJECTIVE: Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the three most common gynecological cancers. Due to the lack of effective treatment for EC patients in an advanced stage, the mortality rate of EC is increasing rapidly. Hence, it is essential to seek for novel molecular therapeutic targets and biomarkers for EC. The aim of this study was to explore the role of miR-218 in the occurrence and development of EC and to investigate the possible underlying mechanism. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The expression level of miR-218 in EC tissues and cell lines was detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Wound healing assay and Matrigel assay were performed to determine the migration and invasion abilities of EC cells. Meanwhile, the potential targets of miR-218 were predicted by bioinformatics analysis and confirmed by Luciferase reporter gene assay. In addition, the protein expression level of Adducin 2 (ADD2) was assessed by Western blotting analysis. RESULTS: QRT-PCR results revealed that miR-218 was significantly downregulated in EC tissues and cell lines. Wound healing assay and Matrigel assay demonstrated that miR-218 suppressed the migration and invasion abilities of EC cells. Online prediction databases predicted that ADD2 was a direct target of miR-218, which was verified by Luciferase reporter gene assay. Rescue experiments further validated that miR-218 could serve as a carcinoma suppressor by negatively regulating ADD2 expression in EC. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, we elucidated that miR-218 served as a tumor suppressor in EC by negatively regulating ADD2. This might bring a novel insight into new molecular therapeutic targets and biomarkers for EC.

Reducing deposition of encrustation in ureteric stents by changing the stent architecture: A microfluidic-based investigation.

Ureteric stents are clinically deployed to retain ureteral patency in the presence of an obstruction of the ureter lumen. Despite the fact that multiple stent designs have been researched in recent years, encrustation and biofilm-associated infections remain significant complications of ureteral stenting, potentially leading to the functional failure of the stent. It has been suggested that "inactive" side-holes of stents may act as anchoring sites for encrusting crystals, as they are associated with low wall shear stress (WSS) levels. Obstruction of side-holes due to encrustation is particularly detrimental to the function of the stent, since holes provide a path for urine to by-pass the occlusion. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop novel stents to reduce deposition of encrusting particles at side-holes. In this study, we employed a stent-on-chip microfluidic model of the stented and occluded ureter to investigate the effect of stent architecture on WSS distribution and encrustation over its surface. Variations in the stent geometry encompassed (i) the wall thickness and (ii) the shape of side-holes. Stent thickness was varied in the range 0.3-0.7 mm, while streamlined side-holes of triangular shape were evaluated (with a vertex angle in the range 45°-120°). Reducing the thickness of the stent increased WSS and thus reduced the encrustation rate at side-holes. A further improvement in performance was achieved by using side-holes with a triangular shape; notably, a 45° vertex angle showed superior performance compared to other angles investigated, resulting in a significant increase in WSS within "inactive" side-holes. In conclusion, combining the optimal stent thickness (0.3 mm) and hole vertex angle (45°) resulted in a ∼90% reduction in encrustation rate within side-holes, compared to a standard design. If translated to a full-scale ureteric stent, this optimised architecture has the potential for significantly increasing the stent lifetime while reducing clinical complications.

[Analysis on late HIV diagnosis among newly reported human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases between 2009 and 2017 in medical institutions].

Objective: To analyze the proportion of late HIV diagnosis and the factors associated with late HIV diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) cases newly reported by medical institutions in China from 2009 to 2017. Methods: Data of adult HIV/AIDS cases newly reported by medical institutions in China from 2009 to 2017 were downloaded from the AIDS prevention and control information system of China's disease prevention and control information system. The basic information, sample source, transmission route, flow of HIV/AIDS patients and the first CD4(+) T lymphocyte count were analyzed in 293 187 cases who had been tested for CD4(+) T lymphocyte count within 91 days of diagnosis. The multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the late HIV diagnosis relevant factors. Results: A total of 293 187 newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in medical institutions were analyzed, and the mean age was (44.7±15.6) years. The proportion of late diagnosis in all cases was 68.4% (200 503 cases). From 2009 to 2017, the proportions of late diagnosis were 71.7% (6 263/8 737), 69.5% (8 283/11 917), 69.2% (13 230/19 116), 67.0% (17 186/25 669), 66.5% (21 833/32 834), 66.4% (26 541/39 944), 67.2% (31 257/46 536), 69.6% (35 920/51 646) and 70.4% (39 990/56 789) respectively. Compare with female cases, the OR (95%CI) of male cases with late diagnosis was 1.18 (1.15-1.20). Compared with the 18 to 29 years old group, the 30 to 39 years, 40 to 49 years, 50 to 59 years and 60 years old and over groups have higher risk of late diagnosis with OR (95%CI) values about 1.65 (1.61-1.69), 2.13 (2.08-2.19), 2.25 (2.18-2.31) and 2.33 (2.26-2.39) respectively. Compared with the college education level and above group, OR (95% CI) values of junior middle school and below group was 1.11 (1.08-1.14); and OR (95%CI) values of senior high school and equal level education group was 1.08 (1.04-1.11). Compared with the migrant population, the resident population has higher risk of late diagnosis (OR=1.06, 95%CI: 1.04-1.08). Compared with other national minorities, Han nationality has higher risk of late diagnosis (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.30-1.36). Compared with divorce, widowed and other marital status, married spouse have higher risk of late diagnosis (OR=1.08, 95%CI: 1.06-1.10). Compared with patients receiving other testing services, the OR (95%CI) values of examination before blood transfusion or blood products, pregnancy and childbirth examination, STD clinic and preoperative examination were 1.16 (1.08-1.25), 0.52 (0.50-0.54), 0.63 (0.61-0.64), 0.66 (0.65-0.68) respectively. Conclusion: The proportion of late HIV diagnosis of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in medical institutions in China was relatively high from 2009 to 2017 and the factors associated with late HIV diagnosis included male, Han nationality, old age group, low educational level, married spouse, other testing services and resident population.

[Spatial-temporal analysis on the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among permanent residence and migrants in Shanghai, 2005-2015].

Objective: To describe the spatial and temporal characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS) in permanent residents and migrants in Shanghai during 2005 to 2015 and provide suggestions for the HIV/AIDS prevention. Methods: The data of HIV/AIDS was collected from the National HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Information Management System based on report date. The population data was collected from the statistical yearbook of Shanghai. Spatial analysis was conducted using the hotspots model in ArcGIS. SaTScan software was employed to determine the distribution of HIV clusters in space, time or both. Results: During 2005 to 2015, a total of 13 498 cases of HIV/AIDS were reported in Shanghai. The prevalence of HIV increased from 0.025/10(5) (450 cases) to 0.093/10(5) (2 236 cases). The prevalence of AIDS increased from 0.002/10(5) (32 cases) to 0.028/10(5) (683 cases). Hotspot analysis showed that the hot spot of incidence of migrants had moved from Hongkou (2005) (Z=2.96, P=0.003) to Changning (2006-2015) (all Z>1.96, P<0.05); whereas the hot spot of incidence of permanent residents had moving from Jinshan (2005-2007) (all Z>2.58, P<0.01) to downtown area (2006-2015) (all Z>1.96, P<0.05). The spatial high clusters of HIV and AIDS were same, including Huangpu, Xuhui, Changning, Jingan, Putuo, Hongkou and Yangpu; The temporal high clusters of HIV cases among permanent residents were 2011 to 2015, and the spatial clusters were Huangpu, Xuhui, Changning, Jingan. The temporal high clusters of HIV cases among migrants were 2014 to 2015, and the spatial clusters was Xuhui, Changning, Jingan. Conclusion: The total HIV/AIDS incidence in Shanghai was clustered in downtown area. The cluster of the incidence of the permanent residents had moving towards that of migrants, indicating the cluster area deserves a close surveillance.

Discovery of Orally Active Inhibitors of Brahma Homolog (BRM)/SMARCA2 ATPase Activity for the Treatment of Brahma Related Gene 1 (BRG1)/SMARCA4-Mutant Cancers.

SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 2 (SMARCA2), also known as Brahma homologue (BRM), is a Snf2-family DNA-dependent ATPase. BRM and its close homologue Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1), also known as SMARCA4, are mutually exclusive ATPases of the large ATP-dependent SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes involved in transcriptional regulation of gene expression. No small molecules have been reported that modulate SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling activity via inhibition of its ATPase activity, an important goal given the well-established dependence of BRG1-deficient cancers on BRM. Here, we describe allosteric dual BRM and BRG1 inhibitors that downregulate BRM-dependent gene expression and show antiproliferative activity in a BRG1-mutant-lung-tumor xenograft model upon oral administration. These compounds represent useful tools for understanding the functions of BRM in BRG1-loss-of-function settings and should enable probing the role of SWI/SNF functions more broadly in different cancer contexts and those of other diseases.

Limits on Light Weakly Interacting Massive Particles from the First 102.8 kg×day Data of the CDEX-10 Experiment.

We report the first results of a light weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) search from the CDEX-10 experiment with a 10 kg germanium detector array immersed in liquid nitrogen at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory with a physics data size of 102.8 kg day. At an analysis threshold of 160 eVee, improved limits of 8×10^{-42} and 3×10^{-36} cm^{2} at a 90% confidence level on spin-independent and spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross sections, respectively, at a WIMP mass (m_{χ}) of 5 GeV/c^{2} are achieved. The lower reach of m_{χ} is extended to 2 GeV/c^{2}.