Genome-Wide Identification of Specific Genetic Loci Common to Sheep and Goat.

Sheep and goat may become carriers of some zoonotic diseases. They are important livestock and experimental model animals for human beings. The fast and accurate identification of genetic materials originating from sheep and goat can prevent and inhibit the spread of some zoonotic diseases, monitor market product quality, and maintain the stability of animal husbandry and food industries. This study proposed a methodology for identifying sheep and goat common specific sites from a genome-wide perspective. A total of 150 specific sites were selected from three data sources, including the coding sequences of single copy genes from nine species (sheep, goat, cow, pig, dog, horse, human, mouse, and chicken), the dbSNPs for these species, and human 100-way alignment data. These 150 sites exhibited low intraspecific heterogeneity in the resequencing data of 1450 samples from five species (sheep, goat, cow, pig, and chicken) and high interspecific divergence in the human 100-way alignment data after quality control. The results were proven to be reliable at the data level. Using the process proposed in this study, specific sites of other species can be screened, and genome-level species identification can be performed using the screened sites.

Anomalous Hall effect and magnetic transition in the kagome material YbMn6Sn6.

We investigate the magnetic and transport properties of a kagome magnet YbMn6Sn6. We have grown YbMn6Sn6single crystals having a HfFe6Ge6type structure with ordered Yb and Sn atoms, which is different from the distorted structure previously reported. The single crystal undergoes a ferromagnetic phase transition around 300 K and a ferrimagnetic transition at approximately 30 K, and the magnetic transition at low temperature may be correlated to the ordered Yb sublattice. Negative magnetoresistance has been observed at high temperatures, while the positive magnetoresistance appears at 5 K when the current is oriented out of kagome plane. We observe a large anisotropic anomalous Hall effect with the intrinsic Hall contribution of 141 Ω-1cm-1forσzxintand 32 Ω-1cm-1forσxyint, respectively. These values are similar to those in YMn6Sn6with the same anisotropy. The magnetic transition and anomalous Hall behavior in YbMn6Sn6highlights the influence of the ordered Yb atoms and rare earth elements on its magnetic and transport properties.

In Defense of Clip-Based Video Relation Detection.

Video Visual Relation Detection (VidVRD) aims to detect visual relationship triplets in videos using spatial bounding boxes and temporal boundaries. Existing VidVRD methods can be broadly categorized into bottom-up and top-down paradigms, depending on their approach to classifying relations. Bottom-up methods follow a clip-based approach where they classify relations of short clip tubelet pairs and then merge them into long video relations. On the other hand, top-down methods directly classify long video tubelet pairs. While recent video-based methods utilizing video tubelets have shown promising results, we argue that the effective modeling of spatial and temporal context plays a more significant role than the choice between clip tubelets and video tubelets. This motivates us to revisit the clip-based paradigm and explore the key success factors in VidVRD. In this paper, we propose a Hierarchical Context Model (HCM) that enriches the object-based spatial context and relation-based temporal context based on clips. We demonstrate that using clip tubelets can achieve superior performance compared to most video-based methods. Additionally, using clip tubelets offers more flexibility in model designs and helps alleviate the limitations associated with video tubelets, such as the challenging long-term object tracking problem and the loss of temporal information in long-term tubelet feature compression. Extensive experiments conducted on two challenging VidVRD benchmarks validate that our HCM achieves a new state-of-the-art performance, highlighting the effectiveness of incorporating advanced spatial and temporal context modeling within the clip-based paradigm.

Cervical cancer incidence, mortality, and burden in China: a time-trend analysis and comparison with England and India based on the global burden of disease study 2019.

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth highest incidence of malignancy in the world and a common cause of cancer death in women. We assessed the trends of incidence and mortality and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) in China, England and India from 1990 to 2030. Method: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. We collected the number and rate of incidence, death and DALY from 1990 to 2019 and calculated the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Further analysis was carried out by ages and years. We also collected attributable risk factors to cervical cancer. Finally, we utilized the Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model to forecast trends in the rate of age-standardized incidence (ASIR) and age-standardized death (ASDR) the for the next decade. Result: Globally, the incidence of cervical cancer cases increased from 335,641.56 in 1990 to 565,540.89 in 2019. In 2019, the ASIR and ASDR of cervical cancer were higher than those of India but lower than those of England. Furthermore, unsafe sex and smoking emerge as prominent risk factors for cervical cancer. Over the next decade, ASIR and ASDR are expected to decline in China and England, while India's ASIR is still on an upward trend and ASDR is on a downward trend. Conclusion: The epidemiological data of cervical cancer in these three countries reflects the influence of different stages of development and healthcare systems. Trends over the next decade suggest that China and India still face a huge burden of cervical cancer. When England has made significant progress, China and India need to take more measures to improve the prevention and control of cervical cancer.

Taraxacum mongolicum polysaccharide promotes white adipocyte browning by regulating miR-134-3p via Akt/GSK-3ß signalling.

In recent years, the incidence of obesity has gradually increased due to high calorie diets and lack of exercise. Reducing energy intake or increasing energy expenditure is the most effective way to promote weight loss and reduce lipid levels. Activated beige adipocytes can increase energy consumption in the body, and inducing conversion of white adipocytes to brown can prevent and treat obesity. Taraxacum mongolicum polysaccharide (TMP) is a plant polysaccharide that has been widely used for its anti-tumour and antioxidant properties. However, little is known about the role of TMP in the browning of sheep white adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to explore the potential mechanism of TMP and miR-134-3p in regulating the browning of sheep white adipocytes, as well as the regulatory relationship between TMP and miR-134-3p. Our results showed that TMP had a positive regulatory effect on the proliferation and browning of sheep white adipocytes. In addition, miR-134-3p significantly inhibited browning activity and AKT/GSK-3ß signalling. Importantly, we found that TMP function required miR-134-3p mediation in the browning of sheep white adipocytes. Overall, our results suggested that TMP recruited beige adipocytes by regulating AKT/GSK-3ß signalling via miR-134-3p.

Observation of the possible magnetic correction above the Curie temperature in Cr2Si2Te6 single crystals.

Intrinsic magnetic semiconductors hold great promise in the fields of fundamental magnetization and spintronics. One such semiconductor is Cr2Si2Ti6 (CST), a quasi two-dimensional (2D) magnetic semiconductor with potential applications in future magnetic devices. However, the origin of ferromagnetism in CST remains a mystery. To investigate this, ac/dc susceptibility and electronic spin resonance (ESR) measurements were conducted. Based on ac susceptibility scaling, the critical temperature (TC) for the ferromagnetic (FM) to paramagnetic (PM) phase transition was found to be ∼32.5 K, with a critical exponent of δ = 6.7 from the critical isotherm, ß + γ = 1.72 from the temperature dependence of the crossover line, and γ = 1.43 from the temperature dependence of susceptibility along the same line. All critical exponents were found to be consistent with the dc magnetization scaling method. However, above and below TC, the origin of magnetism cannot be explained by a single theory. To explore the origin of abnormal magnetic critical behavior, ESR measurements were performed. Below T* ∼ 130 K, the ESR measurements revealed that the resonance field width (ΔH) tends to increase and decrease for the applied magnetic field H parallel and perpendicular to the c axis, respectively, indicating the onset of magnetic interaction even in the PM state. Meanwhile, the deviation from Curie-Weiss behavior below T* also confirmed the occurrence of magnetic correlation above the TC in CST. These observations suggest that the competition and cooperation among the direct and indirect interactions, the structural distortion and the van der Waals interaction at high temperature should be considered to investigate the origin of anomalous magnetism in CST. The present results provide valuable insights into the nature of ferromagnetism in 2D magnetic semiconductors.

Patch-Based Separable Transformer for Visual Recognition.

The computational complexity of transformers limits it to be widely deployed onto frameworks for visual recognition. Recent work Dosovitskiy et al. 2021 significantly accelerates the network processing speed by reducing the resolution at the beginning of the network, however, it is still hard to be directly generalized onto other downstream tasks e.g.object detection and segmentation like CNN. In this paper, we present a transformer-based architecture retaining both the local and global interactions within the network, and can be transferable to other downstream tasks. The proposed architecture reforms the original full spatial self-attention into pixel-wise local attention and patch-wise global attention. Such factorization saves the computational cost while retaining the information of different granularities, which helps generate multi-scale features required by different tasks. By exploiting the factorized attention, we construct a Separable Transformer (SeT) for visual modeling. Experimental results show that SeT outperforms the previous state-of-the-art transformer-based approaches and its CNN counterparts on three major tasks including image classification, object detection and instance segmentation.1.

Integrative analysis of a novel super-enhancer-associated lncRNA prognostic signature and identifying LINC00945 in aggravating glioma progression.

BACKGROUND: Super-enhancers (SEs), driving high-level expression of genes with tumor-promoting functions, have been investigated recently. However, the roles of super-enhancer-associated lncRNAs (SE-lncRNAs) in tumors remain undetermined, especially in gliomas. We here established a SE-lncRNAs expression-based prognostic signature to choose the effective treatment of glioma and identify a novel therapeutic target. METHODS: Combined analysis of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data and ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) data of glioma patient-derived glioma stem cells (GSCs) screened SE-lncRNAs. Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets served to construct and validate SE-lncRNA prognostic signature. The immune profiles and potential immuno- and chemotherapies response prediction value of the signature were also explored. Moreover, we verified the epigenetic activation mechanism of LINC00945 via the ChIP assay, and its effect on glioma was determined by performing the functional assay and a mouse xenograft model. RESULTS: 6 SE-lncRNAs were obtained and identified three subgroups of glioma patients with different prognostic and clinical features. A risk signature was further constructed and demonstrated to be an independent prognostic factor. The high-risk group exhibited an immunosuppressive microenvironment and was higher enrichment of M2 macrophage, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Patients in the high-risk group were better candidates for immunotherapy and chemotherapeutics. The SE of LINC00945 was further verified via ChIP assay. Mechanistically, BRD4 may mediate epigenetic activation of LINC00945. Additionally, overexpression of LINC00945 promoted glioma cell proliferation, EMT, migration, and invasion in vitro and xenograft tumor formation in vivo. CONCLUSION: Our study constructed the first prognostic SE-lncRNA signature with the ability to optimize the choice of patients receiving immuno- and chemotherapies and provided a potential therapeutic target for glioma.

Structure, magnetism and magnetocaloric effect in a new triangular lattice compound Gd3Cu9(OH)19Br8.

A new triangular lattice compound Gd3Cu9(OH)19Br8 has been synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The structure, magnetism and magnetocaloric effect of Gd3Cu9(OH)19Br8 have been studied by X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, isothermal magnetization and specific heat measurements. In Gd3Cu9(OH)19Br8, the Cu2+ ions form a Kagome lattice along the ab plane, and Gd3+ ions are located in the center of hexagonal holes of the Kagome layer. The Cu-sublattice and Gd-sublattice overlap and constitute a magnetic triangular lattice. The temperature dependence of susceptibility and specific heat curves indicate no magnetic transition down to 2 K, suggesting a paramagnetic-like behavior at low temperature. The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) at low temperature has been calculated according to Maxwell's equations. The maximum value of magnetic entropy change -ΔS M is 26.04 J kg-1 K-1 and adiabatic temperature change ΔT ad is 13.79 K, for a field change of 0-7 T, indicating a potential application of this compound in the field of magnetic refrigeration at low temperature. The influence of 4f-3d interaction on magnetism and MCE is also discussed.

Integrative analysis of a novel 5 methylated snoRNA genes prognostic signature in patients with glioma.

Aim: To explore the prognostic value of methylated snoRNA genes in glioma and construct a prognostic risk signature. Materials & methods: We retrieved clinical information and 450K methylation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and obtained five methylated snoRNA genes. Then we established a risk signature and verified the effect of SNORA71B on glioma cells with functional assays. Results: A risk signature containing five methylated snoRNA genes was constructed and demonstrated to be an independent predictor of glioma prognosis. Silencing SNORA71B restrained the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells and reduced the expression of mesenchymal and cell cycle marker proteins. Conclusion: This study constructed a methylated snoRNA gene risk signature, which may provide a reference for glioma patients' prognosis assessment.

A Novel Defined Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related lncRNA Signature for Prognosis Prediction and Immune Therapy in Glioma.

Gliomas are a group of the most aggressive primary central nervous system tumors with limited treatment options. The abnormal expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is related to the prognosis of glioma. However, the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated lncRNAs in glioma prognosis has not been reported. In this paper, we obtained ER stress-related lncRNAs by co-expression analysis, and then a risk signature composed of 6 ER stress-related lncRNAs was constructed using Cox regression analysis. Glioma samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were separated into high- and low-risk groups based on the median risk score. Compared with the low-risk group, patients in the high-risk group had shorter survival times. Additionally, we verified the predictive ability of these candidate lncRNAs in the testing set. Three glioma patient subgroups (cluster 1/2/3) were identified by consensus clustering. We further analysed the abundance of immune-infiltrating cells and the expression levels of immune checkpoint molecules in both three subgroups and two risk groups, respectively. Immunotherapy and anticancer drug response prediction showed that ER stress-related lncRNA risk signature positively correlates with responding to immune checkpoints and chemosensitivity. Functional analysis showed that these gene sets are enriched in the malignant process of tumors. Finally, LINC00519 was chosen for functional experiments. The silence of LINC00519 restrained the migration and invasion of glioma cells. Hence, those results indicated that ER stress-related lncRNA risk signature could be a potential treatment target and a prognosis biomarker for glioma patients.

Strain-induced spin-gapless semiconductors and pure thermal spin-current in magnetic black arsenic-phosphorus monolayers.

Spin-gapless semiconductor (SGS) materials are regarded as the most promising candidates for ideal massless and dissipationless states towards low-power spintronic device applications. Here, we propose a spin-gapless semiconducting black arsenic-phosphorus (AsP) monolayer halogenated by chlorine (Cl) adatoms and reveal the perfect spin Seebeck effect induced by its SGS character to produce pure thermal spin-current using first-principles calculations. Our results show that Cl atoms prefer to adsorb P atoms rather than As atoms in the AsP monolayer, behaving as a ferromagnetic semiconductor. The As-adsorbed AsP monolayer as an ideal SGS material with parabolic-type energy dispersion can be utilized to realize symmetrical spin Seebeck current for perfect pure thermal spin-current even at an extremely low on-off temperature. Moreover, in-plane strain engineering can effectively manipulate the electronic structures of the P-absorbed AsP monolayer for perfect parabolic-type SGS similar to As-adsorbed AsP, and to obtain the relevant thermoelectric effect. These distinct features suggest the potential applications of the Cl-halogenated AsP monolayer with the SGS character in low-power spin-caloritronic devices.

Identification of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signature associated with clinical prognosis and immune therapy in glioma.

BACKGROUND: Glioma is the most common brain tumor in adults and is characterized by a short survival time and high resistance to chemotherapy. It is imperative to determine the prognosis and therapy-related targets for glioma. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), as an adaptive protective mechanism, indicates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to determine cell survival and affects chemotherapy sensitivity, which is related to the prognosis of glioma. METHODS: Our research used the TCGA database as the training group and the CGGA database as the testing group. Lasso regression and Cox analysis were performed to construct an ERS signature-based risk score model in glioma. Three methods (time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis and multivariate and univariate Cox regression analysis) were applied to assess the independent prognostic effect of texture parameters. Consensus clustering was used to classify the two clusters. In addition, functional and immune analyses were performed to assess the malignant process and immune microenvironment. Immunotherapy and anticancer drug response prediction were adopted to evaluate immune checkpoint and chemotherapy sensitivity. RESULTS: The results revealed that the 7-gene signature strongly predicts glioma prognosis. The two clusters have markedly distinct molecular and prognostic features. The validation group result revealed that the signature has exceptional repeatability and certainty. Functional analysis showed that the ERS-related gene signature was closely associated with the malignant process and prognosis of tumors. Immune analysis indicated that the ERS-related gene signature is strongly related to immune infiltration. Immunotherapy and anticancer drug response prediction indicated that the ERS-related gene signature is positively correlated with immune checkpoint and chemotherapy sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, the ERS-related risk model can provide a novel signature to predict glioma prognosis and treatment.

Breaking through the Poisson Distribution: A compact high-efficiency droplet microfluidic system for single-bead encapsulation and digital immunoassay detection.

Droplet encapsulation of a single cell or bead is widely used in digital detection, single-cell sequencing, and drug screening. However, the encapsulation of particles is totally random restricted by the Poisson distribution. The theoretical possibility of single-particle encapsulation is usually only approximately 10%. In ultra-high multiplexed digital detection or other applications that needing to measure large numbers of particles, the number of the partitions required to be counted is extremely high, further result in great increase of statistical number of invalid droplets and the redundancy of detection data. Here, a bead ordered arrangement droplet (BOAD) system is proposed to break through the Poisson distribution. BOAD system tactfully combines sheath flow, Dean vortex, and compression flow channel to achieve orderly arrangement of particles for the first time, and could achieve the fastest orderly arrangement of particles in the shortest structure. The efficiency of single-bead encapsulation is improved to as high as 86%. Further application to encapsulate encoding beads and IL-10-targeted magnetic beads demonstrates the potential for bead-based ultra-high multiplexed digital detection. Thus, use of the BOAD system is very promising for many applications needing high single-particle encapsulation ratio in limited partitions, such as multiplexed digital bio-detection, single-cell analysis, drug screening, and single exosome detection.

A Novel Defined Pyroptosis-Related Gene Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Treatment of Glioma.

Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, that plays a significant role in the occurrence and progression of tumors, has been frequently investigated recently. However, the prognostic significance and therapeutic value of pyroptosis in glioma remain undetermined. In this research, we revealed the relationship of pyroptosis-related genes to glioma by analyzing whole transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset serving as the training set and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) dataset serving as the validation set. We identified two subgroups of glioma patients with disparate prognostic and clinical features by performing consensus clustering analysis on nineteen pyroptosis-related genes that were differentially expressed between glioma and normal brain tissues. We further derived a risk signature, using eleven pyroptosis-related genes, that was demonstrated to be an independent prognostic factor for glioma. Furthermore, we used Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to implement functional analysis of our gene set, and the results were closely related to immune and inflammatory responses in accordance with the characteristics of pyroptosis. Moreover, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) results showed that that the high-risk group exhibited enriched characteristics of malignant tumors in accordance with its poor prognosis. Next, we analyzed different immune cell infiltration between the two risk groups using ssGSEA. Finally, CASP1 was identified as a core gene, so we subsequently selected an inhibitor targeting CASP1 and simulated molecular docking. In addition, the inhibitory effect of belnacasan on glioma was verified at the cellular level. In conclusion, pyroptosis-related genes are of great significance for performing prognostic stratification and developing treatment strategies for glioma.

Humidity-Sensitive PMMA Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Probe for Soil Temperature and Moisture Measurement Based on Its Intrinsic Water Affinity.

Soil moisture measurement is very important for soil system monitoring. Compared to the traditional thermo-gravimetric technique, which is time-consuming and can be only performed in labs, the optic-fiber technique has unique advantages, such as small size, remote application in fields, fast response time and immunity to electromagnetic fields. In this paper, the soil moisture is measured by using a polymer optical fiber Bragg grating (POFBG) probe with a packaged dimension of 40 mm × 15 mm × 8 mm. Due to the intrinsic water-absorbing property of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), optical fiber Bragg gratings based on PMMA have been widely investigated for humidity measurement. Taking advantage of this, a sensor based on the POFBG is investigated to verify the soil condition. The POFBG is protectively integrated inside a stainless-steel package. A window is opened with a thin polypropylene mat as a filter, which allows the air to go through but prevents the soil from going inside to pollute the POFBG. The sensor probe is embedded in soils with different gravimetric soil moisture contents (SMCs) ranging from 0% to 40% and, then, insulated by polyethylene films to minimize the impact from the external environment, showing an average temperature cross sensitivity of -0.080 nm/°C. For a constant temperature, an exponential relationship between the Bragg wavelength and the SMC is obtained. For the SMCs between 8% and 24%, linear relationships are presented showing a temperature-corresponded sensitivity between 0.011 nm/% and 0.018 nm/%. The maximal sensitivity is calculated to be 0.018 nm/% at 20 °C, which is 28 times as high as that in the previous work. For the SMC over 24%, the sensor becomes insensitive because of humidity saturation in the cavity of the sensor probe. Though temperature cross sensitivity is problematic for SMC measurement, the influence could be eliminated by integrating another humidity-insensitive temperature sensor, such as a silica FBG temperature sensor.

Super-enhancer-associated TMEM44-AS1 aggravated glioma progression by forming a positive feedback loop with Myc.

BACKGROUND: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been considered as one type of gene expression regulator for cancer development, but it is not clear how these are regulated. This study aimed to identify a specific lncRNA that promotes glioma progression. METHODS: RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to screen differentially expressed genes. CCK-8, transwell migration, invasion assays, and a mouse xenograft model were performed to determine the functions of TMEM44-AS1. Co-IP, ChIP, Dual-luciferase reporter assays, RNA pulldown, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed to study the molecular mechanism of TMEM44-AS1 and the downstream target. RESULTS: We identified a novel lncRNA TMEM44-AS1, which was aberrantly expressed in glioma tissues, and that increased TMEM44-AS1 expression was correlated with malignant progression and poor survival for patients with glioma. Expression of TMEM44-AS1 increased the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells. Knockdown of TMEM44-AS1 in glioma cells reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and tumor growth in a nude mouse xenograft model. Mechanistically, TMEM44-AS1 is directly bound to the SerpinB3, and sequentially activated Myc and EGR1/IL-6 signaling; Myc transcriptionally induced TMEM44-AS1 and directly bound to the promoter and super-enhancer of TMEM44-AS1, thus forming a positive feedback loop with TMEM44-AS. Further studies demonstrated that Myc interacts with MED1 regulates the super-enhancer of TMEM44-AS1. More importantly, a novel small-molecule Myc inhibitor, Myci975, alleviated TMEM44-AS1-promoted the growth of glioma cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our study implicates a crucial role of the TMEM44-AS1-Myc axis in glioma progression and provides a possible anti-glioma therapeutic agent.

Development and Validation of an Mesenchymal-Related Long Non-Coding RNA Prognostic Model in Glioma.

Glioma is well known as the most aggressive and prevalent primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system. Molecular subtypes and prognosis biomarkers remain a promising research area of gliomas. Notably, the aberrant expression of mesenchymal (MES) subtype related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is significantly associated with the prognosis of glioma patients. In this study, MES-related genes were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project (Ivy GAP) data sets of glioma, and MES-related lncRNAs were acquired by performing co-expression analysis of these genes. Next, Cox regression analysis was used to establish a prognostic model, that integrated ten MES-related lncRNAs. Glioma patients in TCGA were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the median risk score; compared with the low-risk groups, patients in the high-risk group had shorter survival times. Additionally, we measured the specificity and sensitivity of our model with the ROC curve. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses showed that the prognostic model was an independent prognostic factor for glioma. To verify the predictive power of these candidate lncRNAs, the corresponding RNA-seq data were downloaded from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and similar results were obtained. Next, we performed the immune cell infiltration profile of patients between two risk groups, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to detect functional annotation. Finally, the protective factors DGCR10 and HAR1B, and risk factor SNHG18 were selected for functional verification. Knockdown of DGCR10 and HAR1B promoted, whereas knockdown of SNHG18 inhibited the migration and invasion of gliomas. Collectively, we successfully constructed a prognostic model based on a ten MES-related lncRNAs signature, which provides a novel target for predicting the prognosis for glioma patients.

Large refractive index modulation based on a BDK-doped step-index PMMA optical fiber for highly reflective Bragg grating inscription.

We experimentally report high reflectivity on the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings by means of a 266 nm pulsed laser and phase mask technique. In the first recipe, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) were manufactured with a single pulse up to 3.7 mJ. After post-annealing, a stable refractive index change up to 4.2×10-4 was obtained. In the second recipe, FBGs were inscribed by 22 pulses with a lower pulse energy of 1.4 mJ, showing a stable refractive index change of 6.2×10-4. Both behaviors may mainly be attributed to the movement of initiating radicals arising from benzyl dimethyl ketal (BDK) under UV irradiation. The high refractive index change in step-index fibers paves the way to tilted FBG manufacturing with large tilt angles potentially for biomedical applications.