Stepwise degradation of organic matters driven by microbial interactions in China΄s coastal wetlands: Evidence from carbon isotope analysis.

The microbial "unseen majority" as drivers of carbon cycle represent a significant source of uncertain climate change. To comprehend the resilience of life forms on Earth to climate change, it is crucial to incorporate knowledge of intricate microbial interactions and their impact to carbon transformation. Combined with carbon stable isotope analysis and high-throughput sequencing technology, the underlying mechanism of microbial interactions for organic carbon degradation has been elucidated. Niche differentiation enabled archaea to coexist with bacteria mainly in a cooperative manner. Bacteria composed of specialists preferred to degrade lighter carbon, while archaea were capable of utilizing heavier carbon. Microbial resource-dependent interactions drove stepwise degradation of organic matter. Bacterial cooperation directly facilitated the degradation of algae-dominated particulate organic carbon, while competitive feeding of archaea caused by resource scarcity significantly promoted the mineralization of heavier particulate organic carbon and then the release of dissolved inorganic carbon. Meanwhile, archaea functioned as a primary decomposer and collaborated with bacteria in the gradual degradation of dissolved organic carbon. This study emphasized microbial interactions driving carbon cycle and provided new perspectives for incorporating microorganisms into carbon biogeochemical models.

Comparison of eight complete plastid genomes from three moss families Amblystegiaceae, Calliergonaceae and Pylaisiaceae.

We sequenced and assembled eight complete plastid genomes from three closely related pleurocarpous moss families: Amblystegium serpens, Campyliadelphus stellatus, Cratoneuron filicinum, Drepanocladus aduncus, and Leptodictyum humile (Amblystegiaceae), Calliergon sarmentosum and Warnstorfia exannulata (Calliergonaceae), and Calliergonella cuspidata (Pylaisiaceae). The newly generated plastid genomes range from 124,256 to 124,819 bp, with two inverted repeat regions (9,624-9,696 bp) separated by a large single-copy region (86,422-86,924 bp) and a small single-copy region (18,430-18,514 bp). All these plastid genomes encode 116 unique genes including 82 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and four rRNAgenes. The overall GC content is between 28.6%-29.3%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all Amblystegiaceae species Amblystegium serpens, Campyliadelphus stellatus, Cratoneuron filicinum, Drepanocladus aduncus, Leptodictyum humile, and Sanionia uncinata clustered in one clade, which is sister to the Pylaisiaceae species Calliergonella cuspidata. The two Calliergonaceae species Calliergon sarmentosum and Warnstorfia exannulata form a clade and is sister to Amblystegiaceae and Pylaisiaceae.

[Research progress of long chain non-coding RNA H19 in anoxic environment mechanism].

LncRNA H19 encoded by the H19 imprinting gene plays an important regulatory role in the cell. Recently study has found that in hypoxic cells, the expression of H19 gene changes, and the transcription factors and protein involved in the expression change accordingly. Through the involvement of specific protein 1 (SP1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) binds directly to the H19 promoter and induces the up-regulation of H19 expression under hypoxic conditions. The tumor suppressor protein p53 may also mediate the expression of the H19 gene, in part by interfering with HIF-la activity under hypoxia stress. The miR675-5p encoded by exon 1 of H19 promotes hypoxia response by driving the nuclear accumulation of HIF-1α and reducing the expression of VHL gene, which is a physiological HIF-1α inhibitor. In addition, under the condition of hypoxia, the expression of transporter on cell membrane changes, and the transition of the intracellular glucose metabolism pathway from aerobic oxidation to anaerobic glycolysis is also involved in the involvement of H19. Therefore, H19 may be a key gene that maintains intracellular balance under hypoxic conditions and drives adaptive cell survival under conditions of hypoxia stress.