[The contribution of the combined use of an electric toothbrush and specialized toothpaste for electric brushes to the dental health of young people aged 18-25 years]. / Vliyanie kombinirovannogo primeneniya otbelivayushchikh zubnykh past i elektricheskikh zubnykh shchetok na pokazateli stomatologicheskogo zdorov'ya molodykh lyudei 18­25 let.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to assess the impact of two toothpastes marked as «Whitening¼ and two electric toothbrushes on the dental health values of young adults aged 18-25 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 139 young adults 18-25 years old participated to assess the improvement of dental index score in dynamic observation. The study groups were formed by random sampling. RESULTS: The effectiveness of two types of electric toothbrushes in combination with two different toothpastes has been studied. Significant improvement of oral health indices in 3 months of investigation was found in the study group with sonic electric brush and toothpaste specially designed for use with electric toothbrushes (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The study showed the benefit of combined use of sonic electric brush and low abrasive toothpaste containing bromelain, xylite, calcium glycerophosphate and magnesium chloride for dental health of young adults aged 18-25 years.

Effect of Glutamate Antibody F(ab)2 Fragments on Memory Changes in Aged C57BL/6 Mice.

Intranasal administration of F(ab)2 fragments of anti-glutamate antibodies to 12-month-old C57BL/6 mice improves passive avoidance conditioning and have no effect on horizontal and vertical locomotor activity in the open-field test. In contrast to full-length antibodies to glutamate, their F(ab)2 fragments significantly increase the number of animals developed a conditioned passive avoidance reflex.

Correlation of Antibodies to Neurotransmitters in the Sera of Women with Alcohol Dependence and Depressive Disorders.

Comparative analysis of blood sera from women with alcohol dependence and depressive disorders or from conditionally healthy women revealed reduced level of antibodies to dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, glutamate, and GABA in blood serum in women with dysthymic disorder and a depressive episode and their increased content in women with alcohol dependence in combination with depressive disorders.

Delayed Behavioral and Neurochemical Effects of Anti-Glutamate Antibodies in Aging C57BL/6 Mice.

We analyzed delayed effect of intranasal administration of anti-glutamate antibodies on mnestic function and tissue concentrations of neurotransmitters in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in aging C57BL/6 mice. It was found that after 14-day administration of anti-glutamate antibodies, improvement of the passive avoidance conditioning persisted for 7 days after the treatment was discontinued. In 7 days after discontinuation of treatment, increased content of dopamine and its metabolites as well as aspartic acid and taurine was observed in the hippocampus of mice treated with anti-glutamate antibodies. In the prefrontal cortex, administration of anti-glutamate antibodies had no effect on the levels of neurotransmitters, but increased the concentration of glutamate.

Effect of Anti-Glutamate Antibodies in Modeled Parkinsonian Syndrome.

We studied the effect of single and repeated intranasal administration of antibodies to glutamate in experimental parkinsonian syndrome induced by injections of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to C57BL/6J mice. Intranasal administration of anti-glutamate antibodies to mice in parallel with administration of MPTP over 10 days alleviated parkinsonian symptoms (oligokinesia and rigidity). In the serum of mice injected with antibodies to glutamate and/or MPTP, the titers of autoantibodies to glutamate and dopamine were higher than in control animals receiving saline. Single intranasal administration of anti-glutamate antibodies to mice with established parkinsonian syndrome did not affect the severity of parkinsonian symptoms.

Antibodies to Glutamate Facilitate Spatial Memory Formation in the Morris Water Maze in Aging C57BL/6 mice.

Intranasal administration of antibodies to glutamate in a dose of 250 µg/kg for two weeks facilitated spatial learning and memory formation in the Morris water maze in aging C57BL/6 mice. In animals treated with glutamate antibodies, the content of serotonin and dopamine metabolites 3-MT and HVA in the hippocampus decreased, but no changes in the metabolism of neurotransmitter acids were revealed. In the prefrontal cortex, dopamine level decreased and the content of its metabolite DOPAC increased; in parallel, an increase in excitatory and inhibitory amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamate, glycine, taurine, and GABA) was observed.

Effect of Antibodies to Glutamate on Age-Related Memory Changes in C57Bl/6 Mice.

Chronic intranasal administration of antibodies to glutamate to aging C57Bl/6 mice improved passive avoidance conditioning, had no effect on horizontal and vertical locomotor activity, but slowed locomotion in the open-field test. Administration of antibodies to glutamate increased the content of dopamine and its metabolites in mouse hippocampus, but had no effect on the metabolism of neurotransmitter amino acids. In the frontal cortex, antibodies to glutamate did not affect neurotransmitter metabolism, but increased the level of both excitatory and inhibitory amino acids without changing their ratio.

[Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibition with neuromidin in the treatment of primary glaucoma patients]. / Klinicheskaia otsenka éffektivnosti ingibitora kholinésterazy neĭromedina v lechenii bol'nykh s pervichnoĭ glaukomoĭ.

AIM: to investigate neuromidin effectiveness in the treatment of patients with primary glaucoma and compensated intraocular pressure (IOP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 40 patients (80 eyes) were examined. Of them, 10 eyes with early glaucoma, 36 eyes with moderate-stage glaucoma, 33 eyes with advanced glaucoma, and 1 eye with end-stage glaucoma. In 19 eyes, IOP was controlled through beta-blockers, in 11 eyes - through carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, in 10 eyes - through prostaglandin analogues, and in 39 eyes - through combination drugs. Twenty-six eyes had received glaucoma surgery some time earlier. Ipidacrine was prescribed in tablets at 20 mg 2 times daily for 25 days. Treatment effectiveness was judged by visual functions, hydrodynamics, and morphometric parameters of the optic disc. RESULTS: In moderate-stage eyes, visual acuity improved in 66.6% of cases and remained unchanged in 33.3%. In advanced-stage eyes, visual acuity improved in 51.5% of cases and remained unchanged in 48.5%. Visual field broadened in all cases. Moreover, under the neuromidin therapy, the number of scotomas in early-stage eyes decreased, while the number of areas with normal sensitivity of the retina increased by 14.9%. In advanced-stage glaucoma, the effect was less pronounced: the number of type 1 and type 2 scotomas decreased by 3.0±0.6% and 2.9±0.8%, respectively; the number of absolute scotomas did not change; the number of areas with normal sensitivity of the retina increased by 7.4±2.0%. Also, P0 was found to be reduced and intraocular fluid outflow - activated. In early and moderate glaucoma, there was a significant reduction in the cup area as well as an increase in the neuroretinal rim area and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. In advanced-stage cases, it was only the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness that changed. CONCLUSION: Neuromidin has a positive impact on visual function, hydrodynamics, and morphometric parameters of the optic disc.

[Effect of intranasally administered glutamate antibodies on the content of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in the rat`s hippocampus and hypothalamus at the combined stress exposure].

Objective. We studied the effect of glutamate antibodies by intranasal administration on the development of stress reactions and aspartate, glycine and taurine content in the brain structures of rats with different initial behavioral activity (active and passive). Methods. Stress caused by placing the animals in the living cell with water (21°Ð¡) covered with a grid for 30 min. Glutamate antibodies in a dose of 250 mg/kg in a volume of 10 mkl were administered intranasally to the experimental group of rats immediately after the stress. After 1 h after stress exposure and antibodies administration in all rats was investigated motor activity in the test of the «open field¼. Amino acids aspartate, glycine and taurine in the brain structures (hippocampus and hypothalamus) were determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Results. Combined water-immersion stress caused significant changes in the behavioral activity of rats in the «open field¼, but a more pronounced decline in the total index were observed in the behaviorally passive group of rats. The stress was accompanied by a change in the content of neurotransmitter amino acids (glycine and taurine) in the hippocampus. The most significant changes in the levels of glycine (decrease) and taurine (an increase) was observed in the hippocampus behaviorally active rats. Glutamate antibodies at a dose of 250 mg/kg administered intranasally immediately after stress exposure prevents the development of behavioral stress reactions and contributed to an increase in the hippocampus the content of glycine and taurine, related to stress-limiting systems. Conclusions. The glutamate antibodies under stress act as endogenous bioregulators and prevent the development of stress reactions.

[THE INFLUENCE OF SMOKING ON THE LUNG VENTILATION FUNCTION IN YOUNG SUBJECTS].

The aim of the work was to evaluate effect of smoking on the lung ventilation function in young subjects. The study included 1552 subjects (808 men and 744 women) of the mean age 31.6 ± 4.7 and 29.27 ± 5.3 years respectively divided into 3 groups: smokers (n = 568), ex-smokers (n = 103), and non-smokers (n = 881). A sample of the general population contained 36.6% smokers, 6.6% ex-smokers, and 56.8% non-smokers; it showed significant correlation of smoking habits with the gender and the education level. Functional studies revealed lower spirographic and higher whole-body plethysmographic parameters in the smokers and ex-smokers. Also, they more frequently suffered obstructive disorders. These data suggest negative effect of tobacco smoke on the respiratory system in practically healthy young subjects revealed by the studying external respiratory function with the use of spirographic and whole-body plethysmographic methods.

[Autoantibodies to glutamate and GABA in opiate addiction].

Blood serum from 129 patients with opium addiction at different stages of the disease and 63 donors (control group) was examined for the presence of autoantibodies to the exciting and inhibitory amino acids glutamate and GABA. It was shown enhanced production of autoantibodies to glutamate and GABA. Dependence of the level and frequency of detec- tion of autoantibodies to glutamate and GABA on the stage of the disease was revealed.

[Peripheral blood cells luminol-dependent chemiluminescence at the different stages of atopic dermatitis].

UNLABELLED: Aim of this work was to record the luminol-dependent spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence at the different stages of atopic dermatitis. METHODS: Peripheral blood cells were obtained from adult patient with atopic dermatitis followed by the registration of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence on luminograph. Opsonized zymosan as well as yeasts Candida tropicalis have been used to induce the chemiluminescence. RESULTS: Spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence were slightly elevated at the mild atopic dermatitis but were decreased at the severe stage of disease. Statistically significant difference has been found between group with mild and severe atopic dermatitis, Skin contamination by yeasts Candida tropicalis causes the increased level of blood cells chemiluminescence at the first week of atopic relapse when the disease was mild. Severe stage of atopic dermatitis was coupled with statistically significant inhibition of both, spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence. CONCLUSIONS: Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of peripheral blood cells from adult atopic dermatitis patients may be stimulated at the mild stage and suppressed at severe stage of atopic dermatitis.

Stress-sensitive organs and blood corticosterone after immobilization of active and passive rats immunized with glutamate-bovine serum albumin conjugate.

We studied stress-induced organ and hormonal responses in behaviorally active and passive rats against the background of immunization with glutamate-BSA conjugate. The relative weight of the adrenal glands after immobilization was lower in rats immunized with the conjugate in comparison with non-immunized animals. The weight of the adrenal glands in behaviorally active rats decreased in parallel with the decrease in blood corticosterone. In behaviorally active and passive rats immunized with the conjugate, ulcer formation in the stomach was slightly intensified after immobilization. It was hypothesized that immunization with glutamate-BSA conjugate suppresses activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal feedback mechanism underlying the production of glucocorticoid hormones, which is manifested in slightly increased ulceration due to attenuation of the gastroprotective action of corticosterone under stress.

Ratio of antibodies to neurotransmitters in the serum of students, occasional drug users.

The survey included volunteer students of secondary and higher educational institutions. Two groups have been formed based on the results of clinical and laboratory studies. Group 1 comprised students occasionally using cannabinoids and amphetamines (risk group for psychoactive substances addiction) and group 2 included students who do not use drugs. The serum level of autoantibodies to norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin was reduced in the risk group.

[Leukocyte elastase, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and C-reactive protein in patients with delayed negativation of serological reactions after treatment of early syphilis].

It was investigated the activity of leukocyte elastase, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and C-reactive protein in patients with delayed negativation of serological reactions after a treatment of syphilis. The patients were divided into three subgroups. The first subgroup consisted of patients who did not have the signs of non-specific immune system response. Second subgroup consisted of patients with clear signs of infection process. The patients this subgroup had elevated values of the contents of inflammatory mediators. The remaining patients with questionable results were attributed in the third subgroup. The obtained results can be of great value to determine further treatment strategy in patients with delayed negativation of serological reactions.

Effects of antiglutamate antibodies on the development of stress response and neurotransmitter content in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of rats with different behavioral activity.

We studied the effects of intranasal administration of antiglutamate antibodies on the development of stress response and level of neurotransmitter amino acids and monoamines in brain structures of rats with different initial behavioral activity. The stress exposure was followed by significant changes in behavioral activity and concentration of neurotransmitters in rat hippocampus and hypothalamus. The changes in the level of neurotransmitter amino acids and monoamines were more pronounced in the hippocampus. Antiglutamate antibodies administered intranasally in a single dose of 250 µg/kg immediately after stress exposure prevented the development of the stress response and normalized the level of neurotransmitters in the brain structures of rats. The effect of antibodies was the most pronounced in behaviorally active rats.

[Antibodies to neurotransmitters as possible neuroimmune risk markers of formation dependence to psychoactive substances].

In the sera of patients with opioid addiction has been found elevated levels of autoantibodies to the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin in comparison with a control group of healthy people of the same age. In the group of patients with acute withdrawal was showed a reduction of antibody to dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin in the blood serum when compared with patients in the period of postabstinent disorders. In the group of patients with risk for the formation of substance dependence in serum was observed decrease in autoantibodies to dopamine and norepinephrine compared with the control group.

Effect of antibodies to glutamate on caspase-3 activity in brain structures of rats with experimental Alzheimer's disease.

Experiments on rats have showed that neurodegenerative damage to the brain induced by injection of a neurotoxic ß-amyloid protein fragment ß25-35into the basal giant cell nuclei of Meynert activated caspase-3 in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus on day 3 after injury. Intranasal administration of antibodies to glutamate in a dose of 300 µ g/kg 1 h after damage reduced enzyme activity in these structures in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

[Repressional effects of the glutamate antibodies on expression of Dffb gene in the brain of rats with experimental Alzheimer's disease].

The intranasal administration of glutamate antibodies in the dose of 300 microg/kg one hour after damage on the level of mRNA expression of Dffb gene which codes caspase-activated DNase which participates in intranucleosome fragmentation of genome DNA in apoptosis was investigated in experimental Alzheimer's disease induced by injection of neurotoxic fragment of beta-amyloid protein Abeta25-35 in Meynert basal magnocellular nuclei on rats. On the Day 3 after Abeta25-35 injection is observed significant decrease of the level of mRNA expression of Dffb gene in prefrontal cortex in 37%, and in hippocampus in 62% in the experiment group versus the control group. These differences were not found in the hypothalamus when comparing the experimental and control animals. It was suggested that repressive effect of glutamate antibodies on the level of mRNA expression of Dffb gene reflects stabilization of processes taking place in brain cells in experimental Alzheimer's disease, and in its turn the intensiveness of nerve and glial cells apoptotic death is decreased.

Involvement of autoantibodies to neurotransmitters in mechanisms of stress reaction in rats.

Combined stress exposure of rats can lead to the formation of autoantibodies to neurotransmitters. Repeated stress is associated with the production of autoantibodies to serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, glutamate, and GABA. High emotional and behavioral reaction to stress is associated with intensive production of autoantibodies to serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and glutamate.