Isolated Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis of the Sciatic Nerve: A Case Report and Overview of the Literature.

Isolated deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) of sacral nerve roots or major pelvic nerves, including the sciatic nerve, is considered to be extremely rare. Due to the overlap with sciatica symptoms, the diagnosis of sciatica DIE is difficult yet crucial, as it results in permanent neural damage if left untreated. We report a case of a 45-year-old woman who experienced a three-year-long and recently exacerbating pain in her right leg, accompanied by a tingling sensation and weakness in her right leg and foot, with difficulty walking. In between regular menstrual bleedings, when her aforementioned symptoms worsened, she had been experiencing mild 10-day extra-cyclical bleeding. Her neurologist's, orthopedist's, and gynecological examinations were unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an infiltrative lesion on the right sciatic nerve that was immunohistochemically confirmed to be endometriosis. The patient was treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa), which led to a significantly diminished size of the lesion on the control MRI, and endometriosis remission was obtained. For persistent mild, but cyclical, pain and muscle weakness, continuous progestagnes were administered, with advice for physical therapy provided for her neuro-muscle rehabilitation and a scheduled check-up in 6 months.

Understanding the Dynamics of Human Papillomavirus and Diagnostic Discrepancies in Cervical Pathology: A Single Center Experience.

Cervical cancer (CC) is the most prevalent gynecological malignancy and a leading cause of death among women. It is primarily caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, with 99.7% of cases showing high-risk HPV genotypes. This study sheds light on HPV dynamics as well as the discrepancies of different CC screening modalities results while highlighting factors that may have contributed to such a scenario. Moreover, we underscore the importance of the non-viral etiology of CC as well. We examined the current trends of HPV infection and its effects on cervical health in women treated at a tertiary care center in Belgrade, Serbia. Patients with abnormal colposcopy findings like dysplasia and re-epithelization were more likely to test negative for HPV (p < 0.001). Interestingly, women with a positive Pap smear tested HPV negative significantly more often (p = 0.041). Finally, HPV-positive individuals were more likely to have CIN I and II histologies (p < 0.001), while CIN III occurred equally in women with and without the virus. It may be inferred that inconsistencies in detecting HPV and the presence of cervical lesions may eventually result in adjustments to screening guidelines, as is crucial to adopt a meticulous approach to promote periodical CC screening, as initial samples may test negative for HPV.

Uterine compression suture technique in the management of severe postpartum haemorrhage as an alternative to hysterectomy.

INTRODUCTION: One of the most dramatic conditions in obstetrics is definitely bleeding from the uterus which fails to compress. This condition is known as postpartum atony. When such a condition is diagnosed, the obstetrician has a choice of several conservative methods to stimulate the uterus to contract and several surgical methods to stop the bleeding. The most extreme measure used to save the patient's life and stop the bleeding is hysterectomy. This surgery is characterized by high morbidity, primarily by the loss of woman's fertility. In order to avoid hysterectomy, several authors have introduced the compressive uterine suture technique into gynaecological practice. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the technique of applying compressive uterine suture after delivery to stop excessive bleeding, and to present results obtained by this technique. METHODS: The paper explains the technique of applying compressive suture to the atonic uterus in cases when all other procedures to stop excessive bleeding after delivery fail. Since uterine atony is the main reason for excessive and uncontrollable bleeding after childbirth, the need to perform such surgery is rather common. Authors demonstrate the technique of applying four compressive sutures which prevent uterus dilation and thus stop the bleeding. RESULTS: Compressive suture technique was used by the authors eight times, seven of which during caesarean section and one after spontaneous delivery. All patients had normal postpartum period and normal involution of the uterus. CONCLUSION: Although this surgery requires a skillful and experienced obstetrician, the authors find it rather easy to perform and it is suggested to be applied in all cases of uterine atony when excessive bleeding cannot be stopped by other any other method except hysterectomy. This surgical procedure saves the uterus and facilitates quick and easy patient's recovery.

[Role of hydrosonography in prevention and screening of premalignant and malignant endometrial disease].

INTRODUCTION: The study emphasizes the significance of hydrosonography in prevention and early diagnostics of endometrial pathology. OBJECTIVE: To express the significance of hydrosonography in relation to timely detection and treatment of premalignant and malignant endometrial disease. METHOD: Our study included 104 patients referred to transvaginal sonography, after which hydrosonography was recommended in order to obtain precise visualization of the endometrium because of suspected endometrial pathology. After hydrosonography, dilatation and curettage with endometrial biopsy were performed in all patients. Biopsy specimens were histologically analyzed. RESULTS: The application of contrast sonography described in our research helped diagnose and timely treat as many as 30.8% of patients suffering from premalignant and malignant endometrial disease (23.2% of premalignant and 7.6% of malignant). Discomforts (bleeding and pelvic pain) occurred in 72.1% of patients, out of whom 43.3% had already undergone curettage once or more than once because of the same or similar symptoms, while 27.9% of cases presented for regular control, i.e. they were symptom free. The obtained results clearly emphasized the significance of application of contrast sonohysterography as a method for timely detection of endometrial pathology and its adequate treatment. CONCLUSION: The study shows that application of contrast sonohysterography before exploratory curettage significantly facilitates the use of invasive diagnostics and improves accuracy and validity of the obtained results, especially in cases of endometrial focal changes; consequently, it is also possible to achieve positive cost-benefit effect.

[Multiple endometrial polyps in patient undergoing long-term gestagen therapy].

Endometrial polyps represent a limited focal, circumscribed overgrowth of the endometrium. Their aetiopathogenesis has not been completely explained yet. They are often found in perimenopausal women; during the reproductive period they are less common. We present the case of a 32-year-old patient, who came for a check-up to the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinic "Narodni Front" because of irregular bleeding. The patient was subjected to hormonal linestrenol therapy, which she had administered herself, without further consultations with her gynaecologist, during the previous 10 years. Complete diagnostic examinations were performed. Contrast sonohysterography enabled the visualisation of multiple polyps inside the uterine cavity, which were confirmed by histopathological analysis of material obtained via explorative curettage. Histopathological material contained over 30 endometrial polyps. A control check-up after one month, as well as subsequent quarterly check-ups, resulted in normal findings. Analysis of the described case has indicated that the loss of sensitivity of progesterone receptors in endometrial cells is possible if there is a continuous presence of progesterone agonists in circulation, as is true of linestrenol in this case. The loss of sensitivity of progesterone receptors upsets normal hormonal activity during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, leading to copious, irregular bleeding. These changes may, however, have even deeper effects. More recent research shows that, if the agent causing the loss of sensitivity of the receptors is present in circulation over a longer time period, changes may also appear at the DNA molecular level, i.e. in the cell genome itself. This, in turn, may lead to the beginning of the process of oncogenesis and the formation of tumourous tissue.