Correction: Closing the Gap: Investigation of Various Approaches in the Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45009.].

Worldwide research on the health effects of bovine milk containing A1 and A2 ß-casein: Unraveling the current scenario and future trends through bibliometrics and text mining.

The possible adverse effect of consuming bovine milk with A1 ß-casein (but not with A2 ß-casein) on health aspects due to the release of ß-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) is currently under debate. The aim of this study was to perform a bibliometric analysis of studies extracted from Scopus to explore the relationship between BCM-7, A1 or A2 bovine milk with different aspects of health. Over time, several research groups were formed that are no longer active and although some authors have returned to the field of study, they have focused their efforts mainly on conducting reviews that show the same imprecise conclusions due to the few original articles. Research is concentrated in Europe and Asia, where New Zealand, China and Germany are the countries with the most publications, records and citations on the subject, respectively. On the other hand, no country in Africa or South America has scientific production, which opens the possibility of building collaborations between countries and exploring areas that lack scientific studies. Based on conflicting information from primarily in vitro and animal studies, and limited clinical trials with poor designs, A1 milk presents pro-inflammatory and oxidative activity, but the evidence is insufficient to associate its consumption with negative health effects. However, A2 milk may be better tolerated by the digestive system of some individuals, suggesting its possible modulating role in the intestinal microbiota. Stronger scientific evidence is needed to reach a consensus on whether the presence of ß-casein A1 can significantly negatively affect health. The information shown will allow a better understanding of the subject and consumers will be able to make their own decisions regarding A1 or A2 milk.

Closing the Gap: Investigation of Various Approaches in the Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

In preterm newborns with extremely low birth weights, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), which is defined as a remnant connection between the aorta and pulmonary artery after 72 hours of birth, is frequently linked to substantial morbidity and mortality. If left untreated, a hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA) increases the risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and intraventricular hemorrhage among other morbidities, and can even lead to death. While instances of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) resolving on their own are frequent, the primary approach for managing PDA closure in premature infants involves pharmacological interventions, commonly utilizing indomethacin, ibuprofen, or paracetamol. However, with these pharmacological treatment options, there is an increased risk of renal toxicity, gastrointestinal bleeding, and reopening of PDA among other complications. If pharmacological interventions are not successful or contraindicated, PDA can be closed via transcatheter closure or surgical ligation. As with any medically invasive procedure, it is not without risks and can lead to long-term complications. This review explores the different management options and the benefits and outcomes of conservative management vs. active management in order to get one step closer to standardizing the treatment for PDA. With so much controversy surrounding the best management option, there is a lack of evidence to support one treatment method superior to the other in reducing overall mortality, and this needs to be explored further.

Biogenic selenium nanoparticles with antifungal activity against the wood-rotting fungus Oligoporus pelliculosus.

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have antimicrobial and antifungal activity. SeNPs using Se resistant bacteria is a low cost and eco-friendly technology. Fungal contamination of wood during drying is one of the main causes of economic losses in the wood industry. The bacterium Delftia sp. 5 resistance to Se and its ability to produce SeNPs able to inhibit the growth of the wood brown-rotting fungus Oligoporus pelliculosus was analyzed. The strain showed an optimal SeNPs production when selenite concentration was 160 mg L -1. The SeNPs were spherical with an average size 192.33 ± 8.6 nm and a zeta potential of -41.4 ± 1.3 nm. The SeNPs produced by Delftia sp. 5 (33.6 ± 0.1 mg L -1 Se) inhibited the growth of O. pelliculosus in agar plates and in Nothofagus pumilio (Lenga) wood samples. Delftia sp. 5 SeNPs could be used for embedding lenga wood prior to drying for preventing the growth of the deteriorating fungi O. pelliculosus.

Comportamiento de las alteraciones citológicas en mujeres atendidas en una IPS de la ciudad de Medellín / Behavior of cytological alterations in women treated at an IPS in the city of Medellín

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar las características relacionadas con el diagnóstico de cáncer de las pacientes que consultan una IPS de la ciudad de Medellín. Metodología: Estudio observacional analítico. La población fueron todas las mujeres atendidas en la IPS Unidad Video Diagnóstica de la Mujer, institución que se dedica a realizar confirmación diagnóstica de mujeres con citologías alteradas. Se analizaron todos los registros de la base de datos de la institución correspondientes a las mujeres que consultaron durante el período 2012- 2017, un total de 55655 mujeres. Resultados: Se analizaron los registros de 55655 usuarias, la mediana de edad fue de 40 años (RIQ 19) y el 66.1% (36812) pertenecen al régimen subsidiado. La principal indicación para la realización de la colposcopia fueron las alteraciones citológicas con un 89.8% (49984) y más frecuente fue el LIEBG 35.3% (19649). El principal cáncer diagnosticado fue el escamocelular con 0.5% (284) y los factores asociados fueron residir en el Valle de Aburrá (OR 0.60 IC 0.42-0.84) y el resultado de citología LIEAG (OR 3.31 IC 2.22-4.94). Conclusiones: Se encontró una prevalencia de cáncer de cérvix de 7.8 por cada 1000 pacientes que consultan en la IPS.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the characteristics related to the diagnosis of cancer of the patients who consult an IPS in the city of Medellín. Methodology: Analytical observational study. The population consisted of all the women treated at the IPS Unidad Video Diagnóstica de la Mujer, an institution dedicated to performing diagnostic confirmation of women with altered cytologies. All the records of the institution's database corresponding to the women who consulted during the period 2012-2017 were analyzed, a total of 55,655 women. Results: The records of 55,655 users were analyzed, the median age was 40 years (RIQ 19) and 66.1% (36,812) belonged to the subsidized regime. The main indication for performing colposcopy was cytological alterations with 89.8% (49984) and the most frequent was LIEBG 35.3% (19649). The main cancer diagnosed was squamous cells with 0.5% (284) and the associated factors were residing in the Valle de Aburrá (OR 0.60 IC 0.42-0.84) and the LIEAG cytology result (OR 3.31 IC 2.22-4.94). Conclusions: A cervical cancer prevalence of 7.8 was found for every 1000 patients who consulted the IPS.

Bibliometric Analysis of Research on the Main Genes Involved in Meat Tenderness.

Tenderness is one of the main characteristics of meat because it determines its price and acceptability. This is the first bibliometric study on the trend of research on the role of genes in meat tenderness. A total of 175 original and English-language articles published up to 2021 were retrieved from Scopus. The bibliometric analysis was carried out with VOSviewer (version 1.6.18, Eck and Waltman, Leiden, Netherlands) and complemented with the Analyze search results service from Scopus. Erroneous and duplicate data were eliminated, and incomplete information was added to standardize the results. Scientific production was evaluated by means of quantity, quality and structure indicators. As a first glance, 8.816% of authors have published more than 50% of papers mainly related to genes encoding the calpain (CAPN)-calpastatin (CAST) system and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Among other findings, a strong link was found between the contribution of the main countries (led by the United States with) and their institutions (led by the USDA Agricultural Research Service with) to their gross domestic product. Most studies on the topic are published in the Journal of Animal Science, and other journals with high impact according to the number of citations and different metrics. Finally, when evaluating the most cited articles, the occurrence and association of the main keywords, it was confirmed that research is focused on the role of CAPN and CAST genes and of SNPs in beef tenderness. The change in science was emphasized; although marker-assisted selection is still used, genes have an infinitesimal effect on complex traits. Therefore, since about 2010, new research groups adopted genomic selection to evaluate dense panels of SNPs and better explain genetic variation in meat tenderness.

Adopción del rol y calidad de vida de cuidadores de pacientes oncológicos en Medellín, Colombia / Adoção do papel e da qualidade de vida em cuidadores de pacientes com câncer em Medellín, Colômbia / Adoption of the role and quality of life in caregivers of cancer patients in Medellín, Colombia

Objetivo: determinar el nivel de adopción del rol y la calidad de vida de los cuidadores familiares de personas con cáncer. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal que incluyó la participación de 50 cuidadores familiares de pacientes con cáncer en tratamiento activo. Se aplicaron los instrumentos Adopción del Rol del Cuidador Familiar y Escala de Calidad de Vida versión Familiar. También se realizaron análisis descriptivos y comparativos. Resultados: los participantes reportaron una edad promedio de 44,8 años y fueron en su mayoría mujeres (66 %). Frente a la adopción del rol, se encontró un nivel satisfactorio, con una mediana de 86,5 puntos. La calidad de vida presentó una mediana de 165 puntos. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en los puntajes de adopción del rol de acuerdo con la edad, el grado de escolaridad y el nivel socioeconómico de los cuidadores familiares. Conclusiones: esta investigación encontró niveles satisfactorios de adopción del rol y calidad de vida. Con el fin de mejorar la adopción del rol de los cuidadores, los profesionales de la salud deben prestar atención a características del perfil del cuidador tales como su edad, escolaridad y nivel socioeconómico.

Objetivo: determinar o nível de adoção do papel e da qualidade de vida do cuidador familiar da pessoa com câncer. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal descritivo que incluiu 50 cuidadores familiares de pacientes com câncer em tratamento ativo. Foram aplicados os Instrumentos de Adoção do Papel do Cuidador Familiar e a versão familiar da Escala de Qualidade de Vida. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e comparativas. Resultados: os participantes tinham idade média de 44,8 anos e eram em sua maioria mulheres (66 %). Diante da adoção do cargo, constatou-se uma adoção satisfatória do cargo com mediana de 86,5 pontos. A qualidade de vida apresentou mediana de 165 pontos. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas nos escores de adoção de papéis de acordo com a idade, o nível de escolaridade e o nível socioeconômico dos cuidadores familiares. Conclusões: este estudo encontrou níveis satisfatórios de adoção do papel e da qualidade de vida. Para melhorar a adoção do papel de cuidador, os profissionais de saúde devem estar atentos às características do perfil do cuidador, como idade, escolaridade ou nível socioeconômico.

Objective: To determine the level of adoption of the caregiver role and the quality of life of family caregivers of people with cancer. Materials and methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study with the participation of 50 family caregivers of cancer patients under active treatment. The instrument Adoption of the Role of the Family Caregiver and the Scale of Quality-of-Life, Family version, were applied. Descriptive and comparative analyzes were also carried out. Results: Participants were 44.8 years on average and most of them were women (66%). Regarding the adoption of the role, a satisfactory adoption level was identified, with a median of 86.5 points. Quality of life presented a median of 165 points. Significant differences were found in role adoption scores according to the age, education level and socioeconomic status of family caregivers. Conclusions: This study found satisfactory levels regarding the adoption of the caregiver role and the quality of life of family caregivers. In order to improve the adoption of such role, health professionals should pay attention to characteristics of the profile of caregivers such as age, education or socioeconomic status.

High frequency of digital eye strain and dry eye disease in teleworkers during the coronavirus disease (2019) pandemic.

Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate visual display terminal (VDT)-related digital eye strain (ES) and dry eye disease (DED) symptoms in subjects whose work was changed to teleworking (TW) during the coronavirus pandemic. Methods. A digital self-reported survey was conducted on subjects in TW, including demographics, medical history, VDT time and ES-related symptoms before and during the pandemic and DED (dry eye questionnaire 5 [DEQ-5] questionnaire). Results. A total of 1797 questionnaires were analyzed. Mean age was 40.5 (SD 11.1) years, and 69.9% were female. The mean number of TW weeks was 10.2 (SD 3.0). The total VDT total hours increased from 7.4 (SD 3.3) to 9.5 (SD 3.3) (p < 0.001). All ES symptoms presented a significant increase (p < 0.001). The mean DEQ-5 score was 8.3 (SD 4.9). The oldest group presented lower values, and women had a higher score (p < 0.001). Additionally, 28.6% of the subjects were classified with severe DED, and the variables associated with a logistic regression model were total VDT hours, female gender, refractive surgery, rosacea, depression, previous DED, keratoconus and blepharitis. Conclusions. The number of VDT hours seemed to be a relevant factor for increase in ES symptoms and a high prevalence of DED during the pandemic period.

Dry Eye and Visual Display Terminal-Related Symptoms among University Students during the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic.

PURPOSE: To evaluate dry eye (DE) and subjective visual display terminal (VDT)-related symptoms in university students who moved their classes online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of students who were taking online classes. In May 2020, the participants completed a Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ-5) and a self-report survey, which included demographics, medical history, information on the use of VDT and presence of VDT-related symptoms. Participants were classified as having mild/moderate (7-12) or severe (>12) DE symptoms based on their DEQ-5 score. The associations between severe DE symptoms and relevant factors were also evaluated. RESULTS: The data of 1450 eligible students were analyzed. The mean age of the participants was 21.1 (2.7) years. 42.8% of the participants had mild/moderate DE symptoms, whereas 34.7% had severe symptoms. Associated factors for severe DE were female sex (OR = 2.57, CI [1.97-3.35]), allergic disease (OR = 1.63, CI [1.24-2.13]), previous dry eye diagnosis (OR = 13.49, CI [7.10-25.63]), keratoconus (OR = 5.56, CI [1.27-24.44], contact lens use (OR = 1.77, CI [1.24-2.53]) and duration of VDT use (OR = 1.02, CI [1.01-1.05]). Prior to the pandemic, the mean reported duration of VDT use was 9.8 (4.7) hours; this increased to 15.9 (5.8) hours during the online classes (p < .001). 80.6% of the participants reported a global increase in VDT-related symptoms. CONCLUSION: Students taking online classes had a high frequency of DE symptoms. They also reported a significant increase in VDT-related symptoms. DE should be considered as an emerging health problem among the young population, which is probably related to the recent changes in lifestyle.

Oral Administration of Lactococcus lactis Producing Interferon Type II, Enhances the Immune Response Against Bacterial Pathogens in Rainbow Trout.

Lactic acid bacteria are a powerful vehicle for releasing of cytokines and immunostimulant peptides at the gastrointestinal level after oral administration. However, its therapeutic application against pathogens that affect rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon has been little explored. Type II interferon in Atlantic salmon activates the antiviral response, protecting against viral infection, but its role against bacterial infection has not been tested in vivo. In this work, through the design of a recombinant lactic acid bacterium capable of producing Interferon gamma from Atlantic salmon, we explore its role against bacterial infection and the ability to stimulate systemic immune response after oral administration of the recombinant probiotic. Recombinant interferon was active in vitro, mainly stimulating IL-6 expression in SHK-1 cells. In vivo, oral administration of the recombinant probiotic produced an increase in IL-6, IFNγ and IL-12 in the spleen and kidney, in addition to stimulating the activity of lysozyme in serum. The challenge trials indicated that the administration of the IFNγ-producing probiotic doubled the survival in fish infected with F. psychrophilum. In conclusion, our results showed that the oral administration of lactic acid bacteria producing IFNγ managed to stimulate the immune response at a systemic level, conferring protection against pathogens, showing a biotechnological potential for its application in aquaculture.

Redox stress response and UV tolerance in the acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans.

The oxidative stress response represents a sum of antioxidative mechanisms that are essential for determining the adaptation and abundance of microorganisms in the environment. Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans are chemolithotrophic bacteria that obtain their energy from the oxidation of ferrous ion. Both microorganisms are important for bioleaching of sulfidic ores and both are tolerant to high levels of heavy metals and other factors that can induce oxidative stress. In this work, we compared the tolerance and response of L. ferriphilum and At. ferrooxidans to Fe3+, H2O2, K2CrO4, and UV-C radiation. We evaluated growth, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative damage to lipid membranes and DNA, and the activity of antioxidative proteins in cells exposed to these stressors. L. ferriphilum had higher cell density, lower ROS content and less lipid and DNA damage than At. ferrooxidans. Consistent with this, the activity levels of thioredoxin and superoxide dismutase in L. ferriphilum were upregulated and higher than in At. ferrooxidans. This indicated that L. ferriphilum has a higher capacity to respond to oxidative stress and to manage redox homeostasis. This capacity could largely contribute to the high abundance of this species in natural and anthropogenic sites.

Hábitos alimentarios en estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad privada en la ciudad de medellín

Introducción: la nutrición es la ingesta, absorción y utilización de alimentos de acuerdo con los requerimientos necesarios para un buen funcionamiento del organismo. Objetivo: identificar los hábitos alimentarios en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Enfermería de una universidad privada en la ciudad de Medellín. Métodos: estudio observacional. Se realizó análisis descriptivo de las características sociodemográficas, los hábitos alimentarios y de la percepción de los estudiantes sobre los factores que influyen en la alimentación. Resultados: el alimento que más se consume entre comidas corresponde a alimentos azucarados (39,1 %) y frutas y verduras (20,1 %), y el alimento que con más frecuencia se consume en la semana son las carnes (49,8 %). El 71,8 % de los estudiantes refiere que la ansiedad es un factor que influye en su alimentación. Conclusión: la alimentación en los estudiantes de enfermería puede verse influenciada por múltiples factores, y estos marcarán en gran medida su salud a futuro.

Hábitos alimentarios en estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad privada en la ciudad de Medellín / Eating habits in nursing students of a private university in the city of Medellin / Hábitos alimentares dos estudantes de enfermagem de uma universidade privada da cidade de Medellín

Introducción: La nutrición es la ingesta, absorción y utilización de alimentos de acuerdo con los requerimientos necesarios para un buen funcionamiento del organismo. Objetivo: Identificar los hábitos alimentarios en los estudiantes de la facultad de enfermería de una universidad privada en la ciudad de Medellín. Métodos: Estudio observacional. Se realizó análisis descriptivo de las características sociodemográficas, los hábitos alimentarios y de la percepción de los estudiantes sobre los factores que influyen en la alimentación. Resultados: El alimento que más se consume entre comidas corresponde a alimentos azucarados (39,1%) y frutas y verduras (20,1%), y el alimento que con más frecuencia se consume en la semana son las carnes (49,8%). El 71,8% de los estudiantes refiere que la ansiedad es un factor que influye en su alimentación. Conclusión: La alimentación en los estudiantes de enfermería se puede ver influenciada por múltiples factores, y estos marcarán en gran medida su salud a futuro.

Introduction: Nutrition is the intake, absorption and utilization of food according to the necessary requirements for a good functioning of the organism. Objective: To identify the eating habits of students in the nursing school of a private university in the city of Medellin. Methods: Observational study. A descriptive analysis of the sociodemographic characteristics, eating habits and the students' perception of the factors that influence eating was carried out. Results: The food most consumed between meals corresponds to sugary foods (39.1%) and fruits and vegetables (20.1%), and the food most frequently consumed during the week is meat (49.8%). 71.8% of the students reported that anxiety is a factor that influences their eating habits. Conclusion: The nutrition of nursing students can be influenced by multiple factors, and these will greatly influence their future health.

Introdução: A nutrição é a ingestão, absorção e utilização dos alimentos de acordo com os requisitos necessários para o bom funcionamento do organismo. Objetivo: Identificar os hábitos alimentares dos estudantes da faculdade de enfermagem de uma universidade privada da cidade de Medellín. Métodos: Estudo observacional. Foi feita uma análise descritiva das características sociodemográficas, dos hábitos alimentares e da perceção dos estudantes sobre os factores que influenciam a alimentação. Resultados: Os alimentos mais consumidos entre as refeições foram os açucarados (39,1%) e as frutas e legumes (20,1%), e os alimentos mais consumidos durante a semana foram as carnes (49,8%). 71,8% dos estudantes referem que a ansiedade é um fator que influencia a sua alimentação. Conclusão: A alimentação dos estudantes de enfermagem pode ser influenciada por muitos factores, que terão um grande impacto na sua saúde futura.

Características citológicas previas al diagnóstico de cáncer de cérvix en mujeres de Medellín (Colombia) / Cytological characteristics prior to the diagnosis of cervical cancer in women from Medellin (Colombia)

Resumen Introducción: Actualmente, el cáncer de cérvix sigue siendo una enfermedad importante por su incidencia y mortalidad. Aunque se conoce su etiología generada por la infección del virus del Papiloma Humano (PVH) y sus métodos de tamizaje como la citología convencional y el test de ADN-PVH, aún es necesario reconocer diversas características que se relacionan con la aparición de este tipo de cáncer. Objetivo: Describir las características citológicas previas al diagnóstico de cáncer cervical en mujeres de una institución de salud de la ciudad de Medellín. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo. Se tomaron los registros clínicos correspondientes a mujeres con diagnóstico confirmado de cáncer de cérvix entre 2012 y 2017 y se revisaron los resultados de citología previos al diagnóstico. Se realizó análisis univariado para describir las variables de estudio. Resultados: La muestra de mujeres con cáncer fue de 714, la mediana de edad fue 51 años (rango intercuartílico: 42-60), la alteración citológica más frecuente fue lesión intraepitelial de alto grado (33,8%), el principal cáncer diagnosticado fue carcinoma escamocelular (70,6%). Conclusiones: Los resultados de citología alteradas son un indicador para riesgo de cáncer de cérvix, de ahí la importancia de continuar con el protocolo de tamizaje establecido.

Abstract Introduction: Currently, cervical cancer continues to be an important disease because of its high incidence and mortality. Even though its etiology (Human Papilloma Virus infection) and screening methods (conventional cytology and HPV-DNA test) are well known, understanding the various characteristics associated with the appearance of cervical cancer is fundamental. Objective: To describe the cytological characteristics that precede the diagnosis of cervical cancer in women diagnosed in a health care institution from the city of Medellín. Materials and methods: A descriptive study. The clinical records corresponding to women with a confirmed diagnosis of cervical cancer between 2012 and 2017 were used. Also, the citology results obtained before the diagnosis were reviewed. An univariate analysis was carried out in oder to describe the study variables. Results: The sample size of women with cervical cancer was 714, the age median was 51 years old (interquartile range: 42-60), the most frequent cytological alteration was high-grade intraepithelial lesion (33.8%), and the main diagnosed cancer type was squamous cell carcinoma (70.6%). Conclusions: Results showing an altered cytology are indicators of cervical cancer risk. Therefore, it is important to continue with the stablished screening protocol.

[Validation of the Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire for Chilean patients]. / Adaptación cultural y validación del cuestionario Ocular Surface Disease Index en una población chilena.

BACKGROUND: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) is the most commonly used questionnaire worldwide to detect dry eye disease. Although it is massively used in clinical practice in Chile, its use has not been validated yet in the country. AIM: To develop a cultural adaptation and to validate the OSDI questionnaire for the Chilean population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For cultural adaptation, a translation, retro-translation and an expert panel review was carried out. The resulting questionnaire was applied to a pilot group of twelve participants and their comments were considered for the final questionnaire version. The final questionnaire was applied to a non-random sample of 200 patients aged 53 ± 17 years (75% women). Internal consistency and construct validity were evaluated by Cronbach's alpha and exploratory factor analysis respectively. RESULTS: According to the OSDI score, 81% of respondents had dry eye (55% severe). Reliability was 0.91 and factor analysis resulted in three factors explaining 75.4% of the total variance. CONCLUSIONS: The OSDI questionnaire version obtained in this study demonstrated excellent internal consistency values and adequate construct validity making it applicable to clinical practice and dry eye research.

Características sociodemográficas y clínicas de las mujeres con alteraciones citológicas tipo ascus

Introducción: La citología cervicouterina es la prueba de tamización utilizada para identificar cambios celulares de forma temprana Objetivo: Describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de las mujeres con alteraciones citológicas tipo Ascus. Métodos: Estudio observacional. Se analizaron reportes citológicos de Ascus durante el período 2012-2017. Se realizó análisis univariado para describir las variables de estudio. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue 42 años (RIQ 18), el 58,8 % pertenecía al régimen subsidiado de salud. El resultado de la colposcopia fue negativo con un 84,9 %. De las 21180 usuarias se les realizó biopsia al 38,7 % y se encontró resultado negativo al 80 %. La alteración histológica más frecuente en las mujeres entre 40 y 59 años fue el adenocarcinoma en un 66,7 %. Conclusión: Las alteraciones citológicas tipo Ascus siguen siendo frecuentes, por lo que es importante continuar con un adecuado cumplimiento de los programas para detección temprana de cáncer de cuello uterino, especialmente en mujeres a partir de los 40 años.

Introduction: Cervical cytology is the screening test used to identify early cellular changes. Objective: To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of women with ASCUS-type cytological alterations. Method: Observational study. Cytological reports of AS-CUS were analyzed during the period 2012-2017. Univariate analysis was performed to describe the study variables. Results: The median age was 42 years (IQR 18), 58.8% belonged to the subsidized health regime. The colposcopy result was negative with 84.9%. Of the 21,180 users, a biopsy was performed in 38.7%, finding a negative result in 80%, the most frequent histological alteration in women between 40 and 59 years was adenocarcinoma in 66.7%. Conclusion: ASCUS-type cytological alterations are still frequent, so it is important to continue with adequate compliance with programs for early detection of cervical cancer, especially in women over 40 years old.

Adaptación cultural y validación del cuestionario Ocular Surface Disease Index en una población chilena / Validation of the Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire for Chilean patients

Background: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) is the most commonly used questionnaire worldwide to detect dry eye disease. Although it is massively used in clinical practice in Chile, its use has not been validated yet in the country. Aim: To develop a cultural adaptation and to validate the OSDI questionnaire for the Chilean population. Material and Methods: For cultural adaptation, a translation, retro-translation and an expert panel review was carried out. The resulting questionnaire was applied to a pilot group of twelve participants and their comments were considered for the final questionnaire version. The final questionnaire was applied to a non-random sample of 200 patients aged 53 ± 17 years (75% women). Internal consistency and construct validity were evaluated by Cronbach's alpha and exploratory factor analysis respectively. Results: According to the OSDI score, 81% of respondents had dry eye (55% severe). Reliability was 0.91 and factor analysis resulted in three factors explaining 75.4% of the total variance. Conclusions: The OSDI questionnaire version obtained in this study demonstrated excellent internal consistency values and adequate construct validity making it applicable to clinical practice and dry eye research.

Características sociodemográficas y clínicas de las mujeres con alteración citológicas tipo Ascus / Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of women with Ascus-type cytologic abnormalities / Características sócio-demográficas e clínicas das mulheres com anomalias citológicas do tipo Ascus

Introducción: La citología cervicouterina es la prueba de tamización utilizada para identificar cambios celulares de forma temprana Objetivo: describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de las mujeres con alteraciones citológicas tipo ASCUS. Métodos: Estudio observacional. Se analizaron reportes citológicos de ASCUS durante el período 2012-2017. Se realizó análisis univariado para describir las variables de estudio. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue 42 años (RIQ 18), 58.8% pertenecía al régimen subsidiado de salud. El resultado de la colposcopia fue negativo con un 84.9%. De las 21180 usuarias se les realizó biopsia al 38.7%, encontrando resultado negativo al 80%, la alteración histológica más frecuente en las mujeres entre 40 y 59 años fue el adenocarcinoma en un 66.7%. Conclusión: Las alteraciones citológicas tipo ASCUS siguen siendo frecuentes, por lo que es importante continuar con un adecuado cumplimiento de los programas para detección temprana de cáncer de cuello uterino, especialmente en mujeres a partir de los 40 años.

Introduction: Cervical cytology is the screening test used to identify cellular changes early Objective: to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of women with ASCUS-type cytological alterations. Methods: Observational study. Cytological reports of ASCUS during the period 2012-2017 were analyzed. Univariate analysis was performed to describe the study variables. Results: The median age was 42 years (RIQ 18), 58.8% belonged to the subsidized health regime. The colposcopy result was negative in 84.9%. Of the 2,180 users, 38.7% underwent biopsy, with negative results in 80%. The most frequent histological alteration in women between 40 and 59 years of age was adenocarcinoma in 66.7%. Conclusion: ASCUS type cytological alterations continue to be frequent, so it is important to continue with adequate compliance with programs for early detection of cervical cancer, especially in women over 40 years of age.

Introdução: A citologia cervical é o exame de rastreio utilizado para identificar precocemente alterações celulares Objetivo: descrever as características sócio-demográficas e clínicas das mulheres com alterações citológicas do tipo ASCUS. Métodos: Estudo observacional. Foram analisados laudos citológicos de ASCUS durante o período de 2012-2017. Foi realizada análise univariada para descrever as variáveis do estudo. Resultados: A mediana de idade foi de 42 anos (RIQ 18), 58,8% pertenciam ao regime de saúde subsidiado. O resultado da colposcopia foi negativo em 84,9%. Das 21180 utentes, 38,7% realizaram biópsia e 80% foram negativas. A alteração histológica mais frequente nas mulheres entre os 40-59 anos foi o adenocarcinoma (66,7%). Conclusão: As alterações citológicas do tipo ASCUS continuam a ser frequentes, pelo que é importante continuar a cumprir adequadamente os programas de deteção precoce do cancro do colo do útero, sobretudo nas mulheres com 40 ou mais anos.

Características demográficas, de salud, necesidades de cuidado y diagnósticos de enfermería de personas hospitalizadas que sufren trastorno afectivo bipolar / Demographic and Health Characteristics, Care Needs and Nursing Diagnoses in Hospitalized Individuals with Bipolar Affective Disorder / Características demográficas, de saúde, necessidades de cuidado e diagnósticos de enfermagem de pessoal hospitalizado sofrendo transtorno afetivo bipolar

Introducción: el trastorno afectivo bipolar (TAB) es una enfermedad mental crónica más frecuente en mujeres que en hombres. La prevalencia en el mundo es del 1% y en Colombia es del 1,2%. Objetivo: Describir las características demográficas, de salud, necesidades de cuidado y diagnóstico de enfermería en pacientes que ingresan a hospitalización con un diagnóstico de TAB a la Clínica Psiquiátrica Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón. Método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se seleccionaron 158 historias clínicas entre enero y junio de 2015, La información se recolectó de las notas de ingreso del equipo terapéutico, y para las necesidades de cuidado se utilizaron los patrones funcionales de Marjory Gordon. Resultados: el 55,7% eran mujeres, con edades entre 19 y 82 años, el 71,5% eran residentes de Medellin, el 47,5% eran solteros, el 19% tenían estudios secundarios. El 66,5% presentó sintomatologia propia del TAB en el momento del ingreso; el diagnóstico CIE-10 más frecuente fue TAB-episodio maniaco, presente con síntomas psicóticos. Las necesidades encontradas, según los patrones de Marjory Gordon, fueron: falta de introspección, presencia de insomnio, alucinaciones y autoagresión. Para estas necesidades los diagnósticos de enfermería fueron: deterioro de la toma de decisiones independiente, trastorno del patrón del sueño y riesgo de violencia autodirigida. Conclusiones: La información demográfica y de salud es similar a las características reportadas por otras investigaciones. Tanto las necesidades de cuidado y los diagnósticos de enfermería son congruentes con la incapacidad mental que impiden un adecuado autocuidado.

Introduction: Bipolar Affective Disorder (BAD) is a chronic mental illness more frequently found in woman than in men. The prevalence over the world is 1% and in Colombia is 1.2%. Objective: To describe the demographic and health characteristics, care needs and nursing diagnoses in patients hospitalized due to a BAD diagnosis in the mental-health clinic Clínica Psiquiátrica Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón. Method: This is a retrospective descriptive study. One hundred and fifty-eight medical records were selected between January and June 2015. Information was gathered from the admission notes by the therapeutic team; the functional patterns by Marjory Gordon were used to examine the care needs based on the data. Results: In the sample, 55.7%were women from 19 to 82 years old; 71.5% of the sample lived in Medellin; 47.5% were single individuals; 19% had completed the high school. A 66.5% showed symptoms typical to the BAD at the time of admission; under the CIE-10 diagnosis, the BAD maniac episode was the most frequent and included psychotic symptoms. According to the patterns by Marjory Gordon, the nursing needs found in the sample were: lack of introspection, sleeplessness, hallucinations, and selfharming. Regarding these needs, the nursing diagnoses were: deterioration in the independent decision-making; disorder of the sleep pattern and self-harming risk. Conclusions: The demographic and health information is similar to the typical characteristics reported in other researches. Both the care needs and nursing diagnoses are consistent with the mental inability, which hampers an appropriate self-care.

Introdução: O transtorno afetivo bipolar (TAB) é uma doença mental crônica mais frequente em mulheres do que em homens. A prevalência no mundo é de 1 % e na Colômbia é de 1,2%. Objetivo: Descrever as características demográficas, de saúde, necessidades de cuidado e diagnóstico de enfermagem em pacientes internos com diagnóstico de TAB na Clínica Psiquiátrica Nuestra Señora del Sagrado Corazón. Método: Estudo descritivo retrospectivo. Selecionaram-se 158 relatórios clínicos entre janeiro e junho de 2015. A informação foi coletada das anotações de admissão da equipe terapêutica, e para as necessidades de cuidado foram utilizados padrões funcionais de Marjory Gordon. Resultados: 55,7% foram mulheres, com idades entre 19 e 82 anos, 71,5% foram residentes em Medellin, 47,5% solteiros, 19% tinham ensino médio. 66,5% apresentou sintomatologia própria do TAB no momento do ingresso; o diagnóstico CIE-10 mais frequente foi TAB-episódio maníaco, presente com sintomas psicóticos. As necessidades encontradas, de acordo com os padrões de Marjory Gordon, foram: falta de introspeção, presença de insônia, alucinações e autoagressão. Para tais necessidades os diagnósticos de enfermagem foram: deterioração da tomada de decisões independente, transtorno do padrão de sonho e risco de violência autodirigida. Conclusões: As informações demográficas e de saúde são semelhantes às caraterísticas relatadas por outras pesquisas. Tanto as necessidades de cuidado quanto os diagnósticos de enfermagem são congruentes com a incapacidade mental que impede um adequado autocuidado.

Detection of arsenic-binding siderophores in arsenic-tolerating Actinobacteria by a modified CAS assay.

The metalloid arsenic is highly toxic to all forms of life, and in many countries decontamination of water and soil is still required. Some bacteria have mechanisms to detoxify arsenic and can live in its presence. Actinobacteria are well known for their ability to produce a myriad of biologically-active compounds. In the present study, we isolated arsenic-tolerant Actinobacteria from contaminated water in Saxony, Germany, and determined their ability to produce siderophores able to bind arsenic. The binding capacity of different siderophore-like compounds was determined by a modified chrome azurol S (As-mCAS) assay with As(III) at high pH and using CAS decolorization as a readout. Arsenic-tolerant isolates from three actinobacterial genera were identified by 16 S rRNA gene sequence analysis: Rhodococcus, Arthrobacter and Kocuria. The isolated Actinobacteria showed a high As(III)-binding activity by siderophore-like compounds, resulting in 82-100% CAS decolorization, as compared to the results with EDTA. The interaction between As(III) and siderophore-like compounds was also detected at neutral pH. In summary, our results suggest that the isolated arsenic-tolerant Actinobacteria produce siderophores that bind arsenic, and open new perspectives on potential candidates for decontaminating environments with arsenic and for other biotechnological applications.