PURPOSE: To explore the optimal plan for the timing of indwelling gastric tube placement in oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor patients. DESIGN: A prospective randomized controlled trial. METHODS: 80 patients with oral and maxillofacial tumor were selected, and 40 patients were Pre-operative group. The remaining 40 patients were the control group, called Postoperative group. The body weight and hospital stay of the two groups were observed before and after surgery. Blood samples were taken before surgery and 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery to detect hemoglobin and plasma albumin. FINDINGS: The number of postoperative hospitalization days in the pre-operative group was significantly lower than that in the post-operative group; postoperative hemoglobin and plasma albumins were lower in both groups compared with the preoperative level. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative nasogastric tube ensured early postoperative administration of gastrointestinal nutrition, promoted postoperative plasma albumin recovery, and shortened the days of hospitalization.
RATIONALE: We present a case of a 43-year-old female patient diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. This study aims to demonstrate the rare association between hyperthyroidism and severe cholestatic jaundice, and the effectiveness of methimazole treatment. PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient developed severe jaundice, a typically mild symptom in most hyperthyroidism cases. DIAGNOSIS: The severe jaundice was suspected to be a result of cholestasis induced by hyperthyroidism, with other potential causes such as drug-induced or autoimmune liver dysfunction being ruled out. OUTCOMES: The patient was effectively treated with methimazole. Outcomes: Treatment with methimazole alleviated the severe cholestatic jaundice and restored normal thyroid function. LESSONS: The specific mechanism of cholestasis as a secondary complication of hyperthyroidism remains unclear, and there are no specific biochemical markers for cholestasis caused by this hormonal disease. This case underscores the possibility of severe jaundice as a clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism, and highlights antithyroid drug treatment as an effective strategy for managing severe cholestatic jaundice.
Hyperthyroidism , Jaundice, Obstructive , Methimazole , Adult , Female , Humans , Antithyroid Agents/therapeutic use , Cholestasis/complications , Hyperthyroidism/complications , Hyperthyroidism/drug therapy , Jaundice, Obstructive/etiology , Jaundice, Obstructive/chemically induced , Methimazole/therapeutic use
The wide-band-gap inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite material provides a highly matched absorption range with the indoor light spectrum and is expected to be used in the fabrication of highly efficient indoor photovoltaic cells (IPVs) and self-powered low-power Internet of Things (IoT) sensors. However, the defects that cause nonradiative recombination and ion migration are assumed to form leakage loss channels, resulting in a severe impact on the open-circuit voltage (VOC) and the fill factor (FF) of IPVs. Herein, we introduce poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers with multiple passivation sites to fully repair the leakage channels in the devices, taking into account the characteristics of IPVs that are extremely sensitive to nonradiative recombination and shunt resistance. The as-optimized IPVs demonstrate a promising PCE of 35.71% under a fluorescent light source (1000 lux), with VOC increased from 0.99 to 1.06 V and FF improved from 75.21 to 84.39%. The present work provides insight into the photovoltaic mechanism of perovskites under full sun and indoor light, which provides guidance for perovskite photovoltaic technology with industrialization prospects.
Conditional automated driving [level 3, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)] requires drivers to take over the vehicle when an automated system's failure occurs or is about to leave its operational design domain. Two-stage warning systems, which warn drivers in two steps, can be a promising method to guide drivers in preparing for the takeover. However, the proper time intervals of two-stage warning systems that allow drivers with different personalities to prepare for the takeover remain unclear. This study explored the optimal time intervals of two-stage warning systems with insights into the drivers' neuroticism personality. A total of 32 drivers were distributed into two groups according to their self-ratings in neuroticism (high vs. low). Each driver experienced takeover under the two-stage warning systems with four time intervals (i.e., 3, 5, 7, and 9 s). The takeover performance (i.e., hands-on-steering-wheel time, takeover time, and maximum resulting acceleration) and subjective opinions (i.e., appropriateness and usefulness) for time intervals and situation awareness (SA) were recorded. The results showed that drivers in the 5-s time interval had the best takeover preparation (fast hands-on steering wheel responses and sufficient SA). Furthermore, both the 5- and 7-s time intervals resulted in more rapid takeover reactions and were rated more appropriate and useful than the 3- and 9-s time intervals. In terms of personality, drivers with high neuroticism tended to take over immediately after receiving takeover messages, at the cost of SA deficiency. In contrast, drivers with low neuroticism responded safely by judging whether they gained enough SA. We concluded that the 5-s time interval was optimal for drivers in two-stage takeover warning systems. When considering personality, drivers with low neuroticism had no strict requirements for time intervals. However, the extended time intervals were favorable for drivers with high neuroticism in developing SA. The present findings have reference implications for designers and engineers to set the time intervals of two-stage warning systems according to the neuroticism personality of drivers.
