CDK5RAP2 is a Wnt target gene and promotes stemness and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a highly aggressive and frequently lethal malignancy, the role and action mechanism of the microtubule regulatory protein CDK5RAP2 have not been fully understood. Here, we show that CDK5RAP2 is highly expressed in OSCC and its expression correlates with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis of the disease. The expression of CDK5RAP2 is regulated by the Wnt signaling pathway. Depletion of CDK5RAP2 inhibits the tumorigenesis and migration of OSCC cells and alters the OSCC cancer stem (-like) cell (CSC) signature. Notably, suppression of CDK5RAP2 expression disrupts spindle orientation during mitosis. Collectively, these results identify CDK5RAP2 as a potential CSC marker and reveal a mechanism that controls the CSC population in OSCC.

Foliar Application of Spermidine Reduced the Negative Effects of Salt Stress on Oat Seedlings.

The effects of foliar application of spermidine (Spd) on the physiological aspects of salt-stressed oat seedlings were studied under greenhouse conditions. At the seedling stage, the salt-sensitive variety, namely, Caoyou 1 and the salt-tolerant variety, namely, Baiyan 2 were treated with 70 and 100 mM of salt, followed by the foliar application of 0.75 mM Spd or distilled water. Results showed that Spd application increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and reduced the rate of O2 ⋅- production and the accumulation of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, it increased the level of zeatin riboside (ZR) and the content of endogenous polyamines. The application of Spd increased the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and free proline and helped maintain the osmotic balance of oat leaves. At the same time, foliar Spd treatment helped in maintaining the ion nutrition balance. Specifically, it reduced the content of Na+ and thereby stabilized the ratio of Na+/K+, Na+/Ca2+, and Na+/Mg2+. The effects of Spd application were more obvious for the salt-sensitive cultivar Caoyou 1 and under the lighter 70 mM salt stress.

Downregulated hsa_circ_0036988 promotes proliferation and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: As a novel class of endogenous ncRNAs, Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been verified to be involved in the carcinogenesis and tumor progression. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the potential function of a candidate circRNA hsa_circ_0036988 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: The altered expression of hsa_circ_0036988 was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in OSCC samples and OSCC cell lines. The associations between the levels of hsa_circ_0036988 and the clinicopathological features were statistically analysed. The function of hsa_circ_0036988 in OSCC were evaluated via a series of in vitro experiments by using constructed plasmids or siRNA. Western blotting assays were conducted to evaluate changes in protein expression levels. RESULTS: Hsa_circ_0036988 was significantly downregulated in OSCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. While low expression of hsa_circ_0036988 was highly correlated with lymph nodes metastasis. Overexpression or knockdown of hsa_circ_0036988 significantly affected the proliferation, migration and invasion of OSCC cells. Furthermore, the altered expression of hsa_circ_0036988 have an impact on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related protein expression levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that hsa_circ_0036988 may affect cell proliferation, migration and invasion by regulating EMT progress, which might provide a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OSCC.

Silencing circular RNA hsa_circ_009755 promotes growth and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common and rampant malignancy of the head and neck. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we have investigated the effects of circular RNA hsa_circ_009755 on proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in OSCC cells in vitro. METHOD: Eight pairs of OSCC and normal adjacent tissues were selected to detect the differential expression of circRNAs by high-throughput sequencing. circRNA hsa_circ_009755 expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in OSCC tissues and cell lines. CCK-8, wound healing, Transwell, and flow cytometry assays were used to determine OSCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, respectively. RESULT: The expression of hsa_circ_009755 was low in OSCC tissues and three OSCC cell lines. Silencing hsa_circ_009755 significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion and suppressed the apoptosis of OSCC cells. CONCLUSION: Therefore, hsa_circ_009755 may be important in the tumorigenesis of OSCC.

Hsa_circ_0003829 serves as a potential diagnostic predictor for oral squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Increasing evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a major role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. This study aimed to identify aberrant expression of hsa_circ_0003829 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to explore its clinical significance. METHODS: We conducted a prospective clinical study to examine the expression pattern of hsa_circ_0003829 in 60 paired OSCC and normal clinical samples and in cell lines using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We also evaluated the diagnostic value of hsa_circ_0003829 in OSCC based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and examined the relationships between hsa_circ_0003829 expression and clinicopathological features in patients with OSCC. We further used bioinformatics software CircInteractome (https: //Circinteractome.nia.nih.gov/) to predict circRNA-microRNA interactions. RESULTS: Hsa_circ_0003829 was significantly downregulated in OSCC compared with adjacent normal tissues. The area under the ROC curve was 0.81. Low expression levels of hsa_circ_0003829 in OSCC tissues were negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis status and TNM stage. CONCLUSIONS: Downregulated expression of has_circ_0003829 suggests that this may be a key circRNA in OSCC, and may serve as a prospective biomarker for the diagnosis of OSCC.

An unusual case of pediatric-type follicular lymphoma: A case report.

RATIONALE: Pediatric-type follicular lymphoma (PTFL) is a rare neoplasm with features that differ from those of adult-type follicular lymphoma. Compared to patients with adult-type follicular lymphoma, PTFL patients often show an excellent response. Preoperative diagnosis is challenging and, therefore, an accurate diagnosis is based on the findings of postoperative pathological examination and immunohistochemistry. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 13-year-old boy presented with a slow-growing mass on the right side of his neck. DIAGNOSES: The patient was diagnosed with PTFL based on the findings of histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry. INTERVENTION: The mass was completely resected. OUTCOMES: After 12 months of postoperative follow-up, the patient achieved good recovery without recurrence. LESSONS: The optimal treatment for PTFL has not yet been defined. However, patients with PTFL always show satisfactory prognoses, regardless of treatment strategy (targeted radiotherapy, multiagent chemotherapy, or "watch and wait" strategy). Clinically, pathological and immunohistochemical analyses are necessary in the diagnoses of PTFL cases, especially for distinguishing PTFL from reactive follicular hyperplasia, to avoid unnecessary treatment.

Circular RNA hsa_circ_0007059 indicates prognosis and influences malignant behavior via AKT/mTOR in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common oral cancer, damages oral epithelial cells after the accumulation of multiple genetic mutations. Although emerging evidence supports the key role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in various malignancies, the clinical value and function of circRNAs in OSCC remain unclear. In this study, patients with OSCC (n = 8) and controls ( n = 8) were compared using high-throughput sequencing and microarray circRNA expression profiles. The circRNA hsa_circ_0007059 was downregulated in OSCC. Subsequently, hsa_circ_0007059 levels in OSCC tissues and cell lines were assessed by quantitative reverse-transcription chain reaction. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments were performed to determine whether hsa_circ_0007059 affects malignant behavior in SCC15 and CAL27 cells. Importantly, hsa_circ_0007059 upregulation suppressed cell growth, migration, and invasion, facilitating apoptosis of these cells. Furthermore, nude mouse tumor formation was assessed to validate the tumor-suppressive role of hsa_circ_0007059 in vivo. Finally, hsa_circ_0007059 was determined to alter cell growth via AKT/mTOR signaling, representing a potential prognostic/therapeutic target for OSCC.

Simple 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-Phenylalanine Surface Modification Enhances Titanium Implant Osseointegration in Ovariectomized Rats.

Osteoporosis presents a challenge to the long-term success of osseointegration of endosseous implants. The bio-inspired 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (Dopa) coating is widely used as a basic layer to bind osteogenetic molecules that may improve osseointegration. To date, little attention has focused on application of Dopa alone or binding inhibitors of bone resorption in osteoporosis. Local use of a bisphosphonate such as zoledronic acid (ZA), an inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, has been proven to improve implant osseointegration. In this study, ovariectomized rats were divided into four groups and implanted with implants with different surface modifications: sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA), SLA modified with Dopa (SLA-Dopa), SLA modified with ZA (SLA-ZA), and SLA modified with Dopa and ZA (SLA-Dopa + ZA). Measurement of removal torque, micro-computed tomography and histology revealed a greater extent of bone formation around the three surface-modified implants than SLA-controls. No synergistic effect was observed for combined Dopa + ZA coating. Microarray analysis showed the Dopa coating inhibited expression of genes associated with osteoclast differentiation, similarly to the mechanism of action of ZA. Simple Dopa modification resulted in a similar improvement in osseointegration compared to ZA. Thus, our data suggest simple Dopa coating is promising strategy to promote osseointegration of implants in patients with osteoporosis.

The vocal aerodynamic change in female patients with muscular tension dysphonia after voice training.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of vocal aerodynamics indicators after voice training in female patients with muscular tension dysphonia (MTD). METHODS: Twenty-one female MTD patients (before voice training and 12 weeks after voice training) and 20 female volunteers with normal voices (the control group) received vocal aerodynamic analysis. Parameters included subglottal pressure (SGP), aerodynamic power (AP), mean expiratory airflow (MEA), and maximum phonation time (MPT) were recorded and analyzed by phonatory aerodynamic system. RESULTS: Before voice training, the median SGP and mean AP were higher than control group, whereas median MPT was shorter, and these differences were statistically significant. After 12 weeks of voice training, the median SGP and mean AP were decreased and the median MPT was increased compared with the measurements obtained before training, and these differences were statistically significant. The differences of median SGP, mean AP, mean MEA, and median MPT between MTD after 12 weeks of training and control group were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Voice training is an effective treatment for MTD patients. Aerodynamic analysis can effectively evaluate the vocal functional status of MTD patients before and after training, which is beneficial for the treatment efficacy evaluation.

[The difference of phonation patterns in vocal fold polyps and vocal nodules].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the difference of phonation patterns by dividing patients with vocal fold polyps and vocal nodules into two groups according to muscle tension patterns (MTP). METHOD: Fifty-six patients with vocal fold polyps and vocal nodules were divided into two groups according to phonation with MTP or not by video strobolaryngoscopy. RESULT: MTP could be found in 85% patients with vocal nodules and in 55.56% patients with vocal fold polyps. Significant difference was found in patients with/without MTP, and difference was also found in every type of MTP. CONCLUSION: MTP lies in most patients with vocal nodules while only part of patients with vocal fold polyps, which indicated that vocal fold polyps and vocal nodules may demonstrate different phona

Laryngeal aerodynamic analysis in assisting with the diagnosis of muscle tension dysphonia.

OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: To estimate the aerodynamic multiparameters for patients with muscular tension dysphonia (MTD) and evaluate voice aerodynamic analysis for assisting the diagnosis of this disorder. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study. METHODS: Voice aerodynamic parameters, including subglottal pressure (SGP) level, glottal resistance (GR), mean airflow rate (MFR), and maximum phonation time (MPT), for 26 MTD patients and 27 normal adults were analyzed using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: For male samples, MTD patients had higher SGP (P=0.001), higher GR (P=0.012), lower MFR (P=0.042), and shorter MPT (P=0.027), whereas for female samples, the difference between cases and controls was statistically significant only in SGP (P<0.001) and MPT (P<0.001). ROC analysis showed that the threshold of 8.175 cm H(2)O for SGP achieved a good classification for MTD, with an adequate sensitivity (76.9%) and the perfect specificity (100%). Finally, multivariate logistic regression established a credible model (with SGP and MPT as the predictors) for classifying MTD, with a 92.5% percentage correct. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis indicates that aerodynamics evaluation could help the diagnosis of MTD patients, jointly with medical history scrutiny, physical examination, fibrolaryngoscopy, and/or videoendostroboscopy.