Cellular vimentin interacts with VP70 protein of goose astrovirus genotype 2 and acts as a structural organizer to facilitate viral replication.

The fatal gouty disease caused by goose astrovirus genotype 2 (GAstV-2) still seriously endangers the goose industry in China, causing great economic losses. However, research on its infection mechanism has progressed relatively slowly. VP70 is the structural protein of GAstV-2 and is closely related to virus invasion and replication. To better understand the role of VP70 during GAstV-2 infection, we used immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to identify host proteins that interact with VP70. Here, we report that cellular vimentin (VIM) is a host binding partner of VP70. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that amino acid residues 399 to 413 of VP70 interacted with VIM. Using reverse genetics, we found that VP70 mutation disrupts the interaction of VP70 with VIM, which is essential for viral replication. Overexpression of VIM significantly promoted GAstV-2 replication, while knockdown of VIM significantly inhibited GAstV-2 replication. Laser confocal microscopy showed that VP70 protein expression induced the rearrangement of VIM, gradually aggregating from the original uniform grid to the side of the nucleus, and aggregated the originally dispersed GAstV-2 RNA in VIM. This rearrangement was associated with increased VIM phosphorylation caused by GAstV-2. Meanwhile, blocking VIM rearrangement with acrylamide substantially inhibited viral replication. These results indicate that VIM interacts with VP70 and positively regulates GAstV-2 replication, and VIM-VP70 interaction and an intact VIM network are needed for GAstV-2 replication. This study provides a theoretical basis and novel perspective for the further characterization of the pathogenic mechanism of GAstV-2-induced gouty disease in goslings.

Isolation, identification, and epidemiological characteristics of goose astrovirus causing acute gout in Guangdong province, China.

Goose astrovirus (GAstV) has been widespread in China since 2016, causing significant growth inhibition and gout symptoms in goslings and leading to substantial economic losses in the goose industry. To better understand the epidemiological characteristics of GAstV in Guangdong Province, 682 samples were collected from geese with suspected GAstV infection across different regions of Guangdong Province from January 2022 to January 2024. Virus isolation, identification, and genetic evolution analysis were performed. The results showed that all samples were GAstV positive, with 52.64% co-infected with GAstV-1 and GAstV-2, and 42.38% positive for GAstV-2 alone, indicating that GAstV-2 remains the most prevalent subtype. Additionally, three GAstV isolates were identified using molecular detection, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy on LMH cells or goose embryos. Compared with GDYJ2304 and other reported GAstV-2 strains, the ORF2 region of the GDYJ2210 isolates lacked 3 bases, and the replication ability of GDYJ2210 was significantly higher than that of GDYJ2304. Whole genome sequence alignment and genetic evolution analysis revealed that the GDFS2209 isolate was located in the GAstV-1 branch, with a sequence similarity of 89.70 to 99.00% to GAstV-1 reference strains. The GDYJ2210 and GDYJ2304 isolates were located in the GAstV-2 branch, showing a sequence similarity of 96.80 to 98.90% to GAstV-2 reference strains. These results demonstrated that the GAstV isolates were highly similar to each other despite being prevalent in 5 different regions of Guangdong Province. These findings enhance the understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of GAstV and may facilitate the development of effective preventive strategies.

Relationships between nine neuropsychiatric disorders and cervical cancer: insights from genetics, causality and shared gene expression patterns.

BACKGROUND: Neuropsychiatric disorders and cervical cancer exert substantial influences on women's health. Furthermore, neuropsychiatric disorders frequently manifest as common symptoms in cancer patients, potentially increasing the risk of malignant neoplasms. This study aimed to identify neuropsychiatric disorders that are genetically and causally related to cervical cancer and to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations. METHODS: GWAS data related to nine neuropsychiatric disorders, namely, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, Parkinson's disease, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, mood disorders, depression, and alcohol dependence, were obtained to calculate heritability (h2) and genetic correlation (rg) with cervical cancer using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC). Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of the two cohorts was employed to assess the causal effects. Shared gene expression pattern analysis was subsequently conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying these significant associations. RESULTS: Anxiety, mood disorders, depression, and alcohol dependence were genetically correlated with cervical cancer (all adjusted P < 0.05). Only depression was causally related to cervical cancer in both the discovery (ORIVW: 1.41, PIVW = 0.02) and replication cohorts (ORIVW: 1.80, PIVW = 0.03) in the MR analysis. Gene expression pattern analysis revealed that 270 genes related to depression and cervical cancer, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF), were significantly upregulated in cervical cancer patients, while vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), transcription factor AP-1 (JUN), and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were associated with prognosis in cervical cancer patients (all P < 0.05). These overlapping genes implicated the involvement of multiple biological mechanisms, such as neuron death, the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, and human papillomavirus infection. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic, causal and molecular evidence indicates that depression increases the risk of cervical cancer. The TNF, VEGFA, JUN, and IGF-1 genes and the neuron death, PI3K-Akt, and human papillomavirus infection signalling pathways may possibly explain this association.

Association between vitamin D receptor polymorphism and breast cancer in women: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational investigations.

This study aimed to conduct an umbrella review of meta-analyses to synthesize the existing evidence regarding the relationship between vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism and breast cancer (BC) risk. A comprehensive search was performed across multiple databases, including Embase, PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Web of Science. The investigation included 17 meta-analyses for the BsmI polymorphism, 6 for the Cdx2 polymorphism, and 6 for the Poly (A) polymorphism. Among the 119 datasets analyzed, only 6 (5 %) reported statistically significant outcomes (p < 0.05), comprising 2 comparisons for VDR BsmI polymorphism (3 %), 1 for VDR Cdx-2 polymorphism (4 %), and 3 for VDR Poly (A) polymorphism (14 %), across various genetic models. Notably, significant heterogeneity was observed in 82 comparisons, and publication bias was detected in 16 comparisons. Furthermore, a substantial proportion (86 %) of the included studies exhibited critically low methodological quality. In conclusion, our findings suggest that VDR polymorphism (BsmI, Cdx-2, and Poly (A)) is not strongly associated with BC risk in the general population.

FZD3 regulates the viability, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix degradation of vaginal wall fibroblasts in pelvic organ prolapse via the Wnt signaling pathway.

The occurrence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) seriously affects women's quality of life. However, the pathogenesis of POP remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the role of Frizzled class receptor 3 (FZD3) in POP. FZD3 expression in the vaginal wall tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis. Then, vaginal wall fibroblasts (VWFs) were isolated from patients with POP and non-POP, and were identified. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. Extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation was assessed by western blot analysis. The results illustrated that FZD3 was downregulated in POP. VWFs from POP had lower cell viability, ECM degradation, and higher apoptosis. Knockdown of FZD3 inhibited cell viability, ECM degradation, and promoted apoptosis of VWFs, whereas overexpression of FZD3 had opposite results. Moreover, IWP-4 (Wingless-type [Wnt] pathway inhibitor) reversed the role of FZD3 overexpression on biological behaviors. Taken together, FZD3 facilitates VWFs viability, ECM degradation, and inhibits apoptosis via the Wnt pathway in POP. The findings provide a potential target for the treatment of POP.

Association between bacterial vaginosis with human papillomavirus in the United States (NHANES 2003-2004).

BACKGROUND: The balance of vaginal microecology is closely related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical lesions. This study aims to investigate the relationship between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and HPV infection. METHODS: In total, 1,310 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2003-2004) were included in this study. Logistic regression and subgroup analyses were used to examine the association between BV and HPV infection. RESULTS: A significant positive association was observed between BV and HPV infection in women after adjustment for other confounders (OR = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-1.88). In subgroup analyses, we have found this positive correlation was most prominent among Mexican Americans (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.08-3.08) and non-Hispanic blacks (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.08-3.04). CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study demonstrated a positive association between BV and HPV infection in women.

miR-214-5p increases the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer by targeting ROCK1 expression.

BACKGROUND: The tolerance of cervical cancer to radiotherapy is a major factor affecting treatment outcomes. The miR-214-5p is involved in the regulation of biological processes such as tumor proliferation and metastasis. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to explore the role of miR-214-5p and Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) in cervical cancer and their response to radiotherapy in cervical cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-three cervical cancer tissue samples were collected to analyze the level of miR-214-5p in patients with different responses to radiotherapy. Cervical cancer cell lines with radiation resistance were selected to explore the role of miR-214-5p in radiosensitivity. The wound healing, transwell migration, clone formation assay, and in vivo analysis were utilized to evaluate the effect of miR-214-5p on the radiation sensitivity of cervical cancer cells. RESULTS: Patients with poor radiotherapy responses demonstrated low levels of miR-214-5p. The upregulation of miR-214-5p decreased migration and invasion ability of radiotherapy-resistant cells. The bioinformatic analysis showed that ROCK1 is a candidate target gene of miR-214-5p, and this was confirmed with dual luciferase reporter assay showing that miR-214-5p directly interacts with the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of ROCK1. Decreased ROCK1 improved the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo, and the overexpression of ROCK1 decreased the radiosensitivity effect of miR-214-5p in cervical cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS: The miR-214-5p can regulate the radiation sensitivity of cervical cancer cells by targeting the mRNA of ROCK1 and regulating its expression.

Prevalence, genomic characteristics, and pathogenicity of fowl adenovirus 2 in Southern China.

In recent years, the occurrence of fowl adenovirus 2 (FAdV-2) has been on the rise in China, posing a significant threat to the poultry industry. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology, phylogenetic relationship, genomic characteristics, and pathogenicity of FAdV-2. The epidemiological analysis revealed the detection of multiple FAdV serotypes, including FAdV-1, FAdV-2, FAdV-3, FAdV-4, FAdV-8a, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 serotypes. Among them, FAdV-2 exhibited the highest proportion, accounting for 21.05% (8/38). The complete genomes of these 8 FAdV-2 strains were sequenced. Genetic evolution analysis indicated that these FAdV-2 strains formed a separate branch within the FAdV-D group, sharing 94.60 to 97.90% nucleotide similarity with the reference FAdV-2 and FAdV-11 strains. Notably, the recombination analysis revealed that 5 out of the 8 FAdV-2 strains, exhibited recombination events between FAdV-2 and FAdV-11. The recombination regions involved Hexon, Fiber, ORF19 genes and 3' end. Furthermore, pathogenicity experiments demonstrated that recombinant FAdV-2 XX strain is capable of inducing mortality rate of 66.70% and causing more severe hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) in 6-wk-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. These findings contribute to our understanding of the prevalence, genomic characteristics, and the pathogenicity of FAdV-2, providing foundations for FAdV-2 vaccine development.

Subtotal hysterectomy causes fewer long-term detrimental effects on ovary tissues than total hysterectomy.

BACKGROUND: Hysterectomy is the basic surgical procedure of gynecological surgery. Traditionally, it is divided into total hysterectomy (TH) and subtotal hysterectomy (STH) according to the scope of surgery. The ovary is a dynamic organ appended with the uterus, and the uterus provides vascular supply to the developing ovary. However, the long-term impacts of TH and STH on ovary tissues need to be evaluated. METHOD: In this study, rabbit models of different ranges of hysterectomy were successfully created. The estrous cycle of animals was determined by vaginal exfoliated cell smear 4 months after the operation. The apoptosis rate of ovarian cells in each group was determined by flow cytometry, and the morphology of ovarian tissue and granulosa cells in the control group, triangular hysterectomy group and total hysterectomy group were observed under microscope and electron microscope, respectively. RESULTS: After total hysterectomy, the apoptotic events in ovarian tissues were significantly increased when compared to the sham and triangle hysterectomy group. Increased apoptosis was accompanied with the morphological changes and disrupted organelle structures in ovarian granulosa cells. The follicles in the ovarian tissue were dysfunctional and immature, with more atretic follicles being observed. In contrast, ovary tissues in triangular hysterectomy groups showed no obvious defects on the morphology of ovarian tissue and granulosa cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that subtotal hysterectomy may serve as an alternative to total hysterectomy, with fewer long-term detrimental effects on ovary tissues.

Effects of the SPI/lncRNA NEAT1 Axis on Functions of Trophoblast and Decidual Cells in Patients with Recurrent Miscarriage.

Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is a frustrating and complex pregnancy disorder and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) modulate susceptibility to RM. This study expounded on the role of specificity protein 1 (SP1) in functions of chorionic trophoblast and decidual cells via regulating lncRNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1). Chorionic villus tissues and decidual tissues of RM patients and normal pregnant women were collected. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting revealed that SP1 and NEAT1 were downregulated in trophoblast and decidual tissues of RM patients, and the Pearson correlation analysis detected that they were positively correlated in expression level. Chorionic trophoblast and decidual cells of RM patients were isolated and intervened by vectors over-expressing SP1 or NEAT1 siRNAs. Thereafter, the cell counting kit-8, Transwell, flow cytometry assays detected that SP1 overexpression accelerated trophoblast cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, meanwhile, enhancing decidual cell proliferation while repressed apoptosis. Next, the dual-luciferase and Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that SP1 bound to the NEAT1 promoter region and further activated NEAT1 transcription. Silencing NEAT1 reversed the efforts of SP1 overexpression on the functions of trophoblast and decidual cells. Overall, SP1 activated NEAT1 transcription, accelerating trophoblast cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and mitigating decidual cell apoptosis.

Chicken-origin Cluster 3.2 Tembusu virus exhibits higher infectivity than duck-origin Cluster 2 Tembusu virus in chicks.

In 2020, a chicken-origin Cluster 3 Tembusu virus (TMUV) caused outbreaks of a disease characterized by egg-drop syndrome in laying hens in China. In the present study, a TMUV strain, TMUV-GX, was isolated from tissue samples of laying hens with egg drop syndrome in south China. Phylogenetic analysis grouped TMUV-GX into TMUV Cluster 3.2, which was distinct from the prevalent TMUV Cluster 2 in duck flocks. To study the infectivity and pathogenicity of TMUV-GX in chickens and ducks, 7 day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks and SPF ducklings were infected with the same dose of the TMUV-GX. As a comparison, the duck-origin Cluster 2 strain, TMUV-JM, infection groups were set up in chicks and ducklings. Compared with the low infectivity and pathogenicity of TMUV-JM in chicks, the chicken-origin TMUV-GX displayed high replication competence in multiple tissues and caused tissues histopathological damage. In addition, the replication competence of TMUV-GX in ducklings was comparable to that of TMUV-JM. Our study revealed chicken-origin Cluster 3.2 TMUV exhibits high infectivity in chicks and ducklings, and suggested that chicken-origin Cluster 3.2 TMUV possesses a biological basis for widespread infection of chickens and ducks.

Global analysis of gene expression profiles and gout symptoms in goslings infected with goose astrovirus.

While blocking inflammation is an effective way to ease the symptoms of gout disease in humans, the treatment and prevention of gout in goslings infected with goose astrovirus (GAstV), a recently emergent condition, remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the reprogramming of the host genes as a result of GAstV infection by combining analysis of the global transcriptome and metabolic network pathways in the kidneys of goslings infected with GAstV. We showed that as GAstV replication increased in vivo, the regulation of key enzymes in the host metabolism progressively increased, flowing metabolites into the purine/pyrimidine biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, we found that GAstV: 1) inhibits the host oxidation-reduction response by inhibiting the expression of the catalase gene; 2) activates the Toll-like receptor 2 pathway to enhance the immune inflammatory response; and 3) activates the key enzyme in lactic acid synthesis to produce lactate accumulation which inhibits the host's antiviral response, so as to facilitate the replication of the virus itself. This study provided the first insight into the overall metabolic requirements of GAstV for replication in vivo by combining transcriptome with metabolic network pathway information.

The first complete genome sequence and pathogenicity characterization of fowl adenovirus serotype 2 with inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium in China.

Since 2015, fowl adenovirus (FAdV) has been frequently reported worldwide, causing serious economic losses to the poultry industry. In this study, a FAdV-2, namely GX01, was isolated from liver samples of chickens with hepatitis and hydropericardium in Guangxi Province, China. The complete genome sequence of GX01 was determined about 43,663 base pairs (bp) with 53% G+C content. To our knowledge, this is the first FAdV-2 complete genome in China. There was a deleting fragment in ORF25 gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on the hexon loop-1 gene showed that GX01 is most closely related to FAdV-2 strain 685. Pathogenicity experiment of GX01 in 3-day-old and 10-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens showed that although no mortality was observed within 21 days post infection (dpi), strain GX01 significantly inhibited weight gain of infected chickens. Moreover, FAdV-2 was still detectable in the anal swabs of infected chickens at 21 dpi. Necropsy analysis showed that the main lesions were observed in liver, heart, and spleen. Of note, hepatitis and hydropericardium were observed in the infected chickens. In addition, massive necrosis of lymphocyte was observed in spleen of infected 3-days-old chickens. We concluded that FAdV-2 strain GX01 is capable of causing hepatitis and hydropericardium, which will make serious impact on the growth of chickens. Our research lays a foundation to investigate the molecular epidemiology and etiology of FAdV.

The effects of mifepristone on the structure of human decidua and chorion and Bax and Bcl-2 expression at early stage of pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: As a progesterone receptor antagonist, mifepristone combined with misoprostol is widely used to terminate early pregnancy in clinical practice. It has also been reported that mifepristone may cause cell death in decidual cells and result in hemorrhage of the decidua and insufficient blood supply. However, little is known about the histological effects of mifepristone on human decidua and chorion. METHODS: Histological and subcellular structural changes of decidua and chorionic villi from women taking mifepristone at early pregnancy times were examined by Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and transmission Electron microscope. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax/Bcl-2 was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: After 48 h of mifepristone administration, the decidua tissue and chorionic villus structures were altered in women within 39-49 days of gestation and displayed varying degrees of degeneration and necrosis-like features. Apoptotic events were observed in the decidua and chorionic villi of early pregnancy, and mifepristone treatment significantly increases the number of apoptotic cells. The increased apoptotic events were concomitant with the increased expression of Bax and decreased expression of Bcl-2. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that mifepristone induces histological and subcellular changes in decidua and chorionic villi. Mifepristone modulates the relative ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and the increased apoptosis contributes to the pregnancy termination at early stage of pregnancy.

Mir-326 potentiates radiosensitivity of cervical squamous cell carcinoma through downregulating SMO expression in the Hedgehog signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy resistance affects the therapeutic effect of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Smoothened (Smo) is an anticancer target of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway and its mutation is related to drug resistance. OBJECTIVE: To explore the roles of miR-326 and Smoothened (SMO) on radiation resistance in patients with cervical carcinoma. METHODS: Expression of miR-326 and SMO in cervical cancer tissue and radioresistant cell lines were analyzed. The radiation response with the expression of miR-326 was evaluated in tissue and cells. Bioinformatics analysis and literature review were performed to explore the target of miR-326. The regulation of miR-326 to SMO mRNA was verified through the dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: Patients with poor radiation response have lower miR-326 and higher SMO expression. Upregulation of miR-326 decreased SMO expression and its downstream proteins but does not affect the proliferation of CSCC cells. The upregulation of miR-326 increased radiation sensitivity of the CSCC cell through downregulating SMO and its downstream proteins in the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: miR-326 may predict the treatment response to radiation, and upregulating miR-326 may improve the treatment response to radiation.

First Identification and Genetic Characterization of a Novel Duck Astrovirus in Ducklings in China.

Four divergent groups of duck astroviruses (DAstVs) have been identified that infect domestic ducks. In March 2021, a fatal disease characterized by visceral urate deposition broke out in 5-day-old Beijing ducks on a commercial farm in Guangdong province, China. We identified a novel duck astrovirus from the ducklings suffering from gout disease. The complete genome sequence of this DAstV was obtained by virome sequencing and amplification. Phylogenetic analyses and pairwise comparisons demonstrated that this DAstV represented a novel group of avastrovirus. Thus, we designated this duck astrovirus as DAstV-5 JM strain. DAstV-5 JM shared genome sequence identities of 15-45% with other avastroviruses. Amino acid identities with proteins from other avastroviruses did not exceed 59% for ORF1a, 79% for ORF1b, and 60% for ORF2. The capsid region of JM shared genetic distances of 0.596 to 0.695 with the three official avastrovirus species. suggesting that JM could be classified as a novel genotype species in the Avastrovirus genus. Meanwhile, JM shares genetic distances of 0.402-0.662 with all the other known unassigned avastroviruses, revealing that it represents an additional unassigned avastrovirus. In summary, we determined that the DAstV-5 JM strain is a novel genotype species of avastrovirus.

Butterfly: µW Level ULP Sensor Nodes with High Task Throughput.

The rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) applications calls for light-weight IoT sensor nodes with both low-power consumption and excellent task execution efficiency. However, in the existing system framework, designers must make trade-offs between these two. In this paper, we propose an "edge-to-end integration" design paradigm, Butterfly, which assists sensor nodes to perform sensing tasks more efficiently with lower power consumption through their (high-performance) network infrastructures (i.e., a gateway). On the one hand, to optimize the power consumption, Butterfly offloads the energy-intensive computational tasks from the nodes to the gateway with only microwatt-level power budget, thereby eliminating the power-consuming Microcontroller (MCU) from the node. On the other hand, we address three issues facing the optimization of task execution efficiency. To start with, we buffer the frequently used instructions and data to minimize the volume of data transmitted on the downlink. Furthermore, based on our investigation on typical sensing data structures, we present a novel last-bit transmission and packaging mechanism to reduce the data amount on the uplink. Finally, we design a task prediction mechanism on the gateway to support efficient scheduling of concurrent tasks on multiple MCU-free Butterfly nodes. The experiment results show that Butterfly can speed up the task rate by 4.91 times and reduce the power consumption of each node by 94.3%, compared to the benchmarks. In addition, Butterfly nodes have natural security advantages (e.g., anti-capture) as they offload the control function with all application information up to the gateway.

The effect of dissolved natural organic matter on adsorption of phenolic compounds on suspended sediments.

Phenolic compounds have caused different degrees of negative impacts in aquatic environment. Amino acids, humic acids and carbohydrates are the three dominant types of dissolved natural organic matter (DNOM) in natural water bodies. In this research, the influences of dissolved natural organic matter (DNOM) on the adsorption behaviors of phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) in Weihe River suspended sediment were studied by using DL-alanine, fulvic acid and glucose as the representatives of the three types of DNOM. The results of batch adsorption experiments showed that, without DNOM, Langmuir and Freundlich had good fitting effects on the three phenolic compounds and their maximum adsorption capacities were 21.580, 27.768 and 24.758 mg/kg respectively. The presence of amino acids increased adsorption capacities of the phenol and TCP on suspended sediments by approximately 13.84% and 11.56% respectively. The existence of fulvic acid and glucose positively affected the adsorption of phenol, DCP and TCP on suspended sediment. The isothermal adsorption in the coexistence of different DNOM were more consistent with the nonlinear adsorption. Other influence factors including pH, ionic strength and temperature can influence the adsorption behavior to different extents. The impact of dissolved natural organic matter (DNOM) on adsorption should be fully considered when mastering environmental migration and transformation behaviors of phenolic compounds in water-sediments environment.

Quantitative T2 Mapping to Discriminate Mucinous from Nonmucinous Adenocarcinoma in Rectal Cancer: Comparison with Diffusion-weighted Imaging.

PURPOSE: Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MA) is associated with worse clinicopathological characteristics and a poorer prognosis than non-MA. Moreover, MA is related to worse tumor regression grade and tumor downstaging than non-MA. This study investigated whether lesions in MA and non-MA can be quantitatively assessed by T2 mapping technique and compared with the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). METHODS: High-resolution MRI, DWI, and T2 mapping were performed on 81 patients diagnosed with rectal cancer via biopsy. Afterward, T2 and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were manually measured by a senior and a junior radiologist independently. By examining surgical specimens, the patients with MA and non-MA were identified. Inter-observer reproducibility was tested, and T2 and ADC values were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to determine the cut-off value. RESULTS: Of the 81 patients, 11 patients with MA were confirmed by pathology. The inter-observer reproducibility of T2 and ADC values showed an excellent intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.993 and 0.913, respectively. MA had higher T2 (87.9 ± 5.11 ms) (P = 0.000) and ADC (2.03 × 10-3 mm2/s) (P = 0.000) values than non-MA (66.6 ± 6.86 ms and 1.17 × 10-3 mm2/s, respectively). The area under the ROC curves (AUC) of the T2 and ADC values were 0.999 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.953-1) and 0.979 (95% CI: 0.920-0.998), respectively. When the cutoff value in T2 mapping was 80 ms, the Youden index was the largest, sensitivity was 100%, and specificity was 97%. CONCLUSION: As a stable quantitative sequence, T2 mapping of MRI is useful in differentiating MA from non-MA. Compared to ADC values, T2 values are also diagnostically effective and non-inferior to ADC values.

Isolation and characterization of a new goose orthoreovirus causing liver and spleen focal necrosis in geese, China.

Since July 2020, an infectious disease characterized by liver and spleen white focal necrosis has been spreading widely through geese farms in many regions of China. A novel goose orthoreovirus (GRV), designated GRV-GD2020, was isolated from the liver and spleen of dead geese. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparison revealed that all the genes of GRV-GD2020 clustered with other waterfowl-origin orthoreovirus. However, the gene constellation of GRV-GD2020 was not similar to that of any particular strain. Instead, the genomic segments of GRV-GD2020 showed 27.5-97.3% similarities to that of other waterfowl-origin orthoreovirus isolates. Waterfowl-origin orthoreovirus infections characterized by liver and spleen focal necrosis had not emerged in recent years. The re-emergence of the disease may be related to the recombination of the genome segments of Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV), GRV, and new-type duck orthoreovirus. In summary, we determined that the GRV-GD2020 strain, causing goose liver and spleen focal necrosis, is a new variant of waterfowl-origin orthoreovirus.