Rotavirus vaccination is a protective factor for adverse outcomes in primary intussusception: a single-center retrospective study.

Background: The clinical features and prognosis of intussusception in children vaccinated against rotavirus were undefined. Hence, we conducted the study to explore the clinical characteristics and outcomes of primary intussusception patients who received rotavirus vaccine. Methods: A single-center retrospective study was performed in 327 primary intussusception patients between January 2019 and December 2021. Of these, 168 were vaccinated against rotavirus and 159 were not, the latter serving as the control group. Data on patients' clinical characteristics, commonly used inflammatory biomarkers, treatment, and outcomes were collected and evaluated. Results: Most of the vaccination group received pentavalent rotavirus vaccine produced by Merck, USA (89.88%). There were no differences in demographic characteristics, time from onset to hospital attendance, clinical symptoms and signs between the vaccination group and the control group. The success rate of air enema reduction in the vaccination group was higher than that in the control group (98.21% vs. 88.68%, q=0.01). The vaccination group had lower rates of surgery and complication (1.79% vs. 11.32%, q=0.008; 2.98% vs. 12.58%, q=0.006). Both platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were lower in the vaccinated group (q=0.02, q=0.004). Higher CRP level [odds ratio (OR): 1.635; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.248-2.143; P=0.006] and the longer time from onset to hospital attendance (OR: 3.040; 95% CI: 2.418-12.133; P=0.01) were associated with increased adverse events. Rotavirus vaccination (OR: 0.527; 95% CI: 0.103-0.751; P=0.02) was associated with a reduction in the probability of adverse events. Conclusions: Adverse events such as surgery and complications were lower in the vaccination group. Rotavirus vaccination was an independent protective factor for adverse events in patients with primary intussusception.

C─H Activation Enables the Construction of New Bis-Polyaryl Phenylpyridine Ruthenium Complexes: Conjugation and Rigidity Synergistic Effect for Advanced Electrochemiluminescence.

The access to bench-stable organometallic compounds unfolds new chemical space for medicinal and material sciences. In particular, stable organoruthenium compounds with constitutional and stereoisomeric forms for subtle regulation of electrochemiluminescence are intriguing and challenging. Here, coordination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on (2-phenylpyridine)2(CO)2Ru complex allows access to bis-polyaryl phenylpyridine (BPP) Ruthenium complex through C─H activation strategy and coupling reactions for installation of the functionalities with steric and electronic purposes. The photoluminescence and electrochemiluminescence of BPP Ru complexes are affected by the actual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons inherent properties. The anthracene derivatized BPP Ru complex (BPP-Ant) shows the best ECL performance and reveals an enormous ECL quantum efficiency of 1.6-fold higher than the golden standard Ru(bpy)3 2+. The unprecedentedly high efficiency is due to the best compromise between the structural conjugation and molecular rigidity from BPP-Ant providing a providential energy gap that facilitated the feasibility of electron transfer and favored the radiative energy release by experimentally and DFT calculations. Moreover, PL and spooling ECL spectroscopies are used to track and link multiple emission peaks of BPP-Ant at 445, 645, and 845 nm to different emissive species. These discoveries will add a new member to the efficient ECL ruthenium complex family and bring more potentials.

CO2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels.

Achieving satisfactory multi-carbon (C2+) products selectivity and current density under acidic condition is a key issue for practical application of electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), but is challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that combining microenvironment modulation by porous channel structure and intrinsic catalytic activity enhancement via doping effect could promote efficient CO2RR toward C2+ products in acidic electrolyte (pH ≤ 1). The La-doped Cu hollow sphere with channels exhibits a C2+ products Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 86.2% with a partial current density of -775.8 mA cm-2. CO2 single-pass conversion efficiency for C2+ products can reach 52.8% at -900 mA cm-2. Moreover, the catalyst still maintains a high C2+ FE of 81.3% at -1 A cm-2. The channel structure plays a crucial role in accumulating K+ and OH- species near the catalyst surface and within the channels, which effectively suppresses the undesired hydrogen evolution and promotes C-C coupling. Additionally, the La doping enhances the generation of *CO intermediate, and also facilitates C2+ products formation.

High-performance and frost-resistance MXene co-ionic liquid conductive hydrogel printed by electrohydrodynamic for flexible strain sensor.

Conductive hydrogels with high performance and frost resistance are essential for flexible electronics, electronic skin, and soft robots. Nonetheless, the preparation of hydrogel-based flexible strain sensors with rapid response, wide strain detection range, and high sensitivity remains a considerable challenge. Furthermore, the inevitable freezing and evaporation of water in sub-zero temperatures and dry environments lead to the loss of flexibility and conductivity in hydrogels, which seriously limits their practical application. In this work, ionic liquids (ILs) and MXene are introduced into gelatin/polyacrylamide (PAM) precursor solution, and a PAM/gelatin/ILs/MXene/glycerol (PGIMG) hydrogel-based flexible strain sensor with MXene co-ILs ion-electron composite conductive network is prepared by combining the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing method and in-situ photopolymerization. The introduction of ILs provides an ionic conductive channel for the hydrogel. The introduction of MXene nanosheets forms an interpenetrating network with gelatin and PAM, which not only provides a conductive channel, but also improves the mechanical and sensing properties of the hydrogel-based flexible strain sensor. The prepared PGIMG hydrogel with the MXene co-ILs ion-electron composite conductive network demonstrates a tensile strength of 0.21 MPa at 602.82 % strain, the conductivity of 1.636 × 10-3 S/cm, high sensitivity (Gauge Factor, GF = 4.17), a wide strain detection range (1-600 %), and the response/recovery times (73 ms and 74 ms). In addition, glycerol endows the hydrogel with excellent freezing (-60 °C) and water retention properties. The application of the hydrogel-based flexible strain sensor in the field of human motion detection and information transmission shows the great potential of wearable devices, electronic skin, and information encryption transmission.

Stimuli­Responsive Hydrogels for Antibacterial Applications.

Hydrogels have emerged as promising candidates for biomedical applications, especially in the field of antibacterial therapeutics, due to their unique structural properties, highly tunable physicochemical properties, and excellent biocompatibility. The integration of stimuli-responsive functions into antibacterial hydrogels holds the potential to enhance their antibacterial properties and therapeutic efficacy, dynamically responding to different external or internal stimuli, such as pH, temperature, enzymes, and light. Therefore, this review describes the applications of hydrogel dressings responsive to different stimuli in antibacterial therapy. The collaborative interaction between stimuli-responsive hydrogels and antibacterial materials is discussed. This synergistic approach, in contrast to conventional antibacterial materials, not only amplifies the antibacterial effect but also alleviates adverse side effects and diminishes the incidence of multiple infections and drug resistance. The review provides a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and outlines future research directions for stimuli-responsive antibacterial hydrogels. It underscores the imperative for ongoing interdisciplinary research aimed at unraveling the mechanisms of wound healing. This understanding is crucial for optimizing the design and implementation of stimuli-responsive antibacterial hydrogels. Ultimately, this review aims to offer scientific guidance for the development and practical clinical application of stimuli-responsive antibacterial hydrogel dressings.

Synthesis of Hydroxylamine via Ketone-Mediated Nitrate Electroreduction.

Hydroxylamine (HA, NH2OH) is a critical feedstock in the production of various chemicals and materials, and its efficient and sustainable synthesis is of great importance. Electroreduction of nitrate on Cu-based catalysts has emerged as a promising approach for green ammonia (NH3) production, but the electrosynthesis of HA remains challenging due to overreduction of HA to NH3. Herein, we report the first work on ketone-mediated HA synthesis using nitrate in water. A metal-organic-framework-derived Cu catalyst was developed to catalyze the reaction. Cyclopentanone (CP) was used to capture HA in situ to form CP oxime (CP-O) with C═N bonds, which is prone to hydrolysis. HA could be released easily after electrolysis, and CP was regenerated. It was demonstrated that CP-O could be formed with an excellent Faradaic efficiency of 47.8%, a corresponding formation rate of 34.9 mg h-1 cm-2, and a remarkable carbon selectivity of >99.9%. The hydrolysis of CP-O to release HA and CP regeneration was also optimized, resulting in 96.1 mmol L-1 of HA stabilized in the solution, which was significantly higher than direct nitrate reduction. Detailed in situ characterizations, control experiments, and theoretical calculations revealed the catalyst surface reconstruction and reaction mechanism, which showed that the coexistence of Cu0 and Cu+ facilitated the protonation and reduction of *NO2 and *NH2OH desorption, leading to the enhancement for HA production.

Chemical transformation mechanism for blue-to-green emitting CsPbBr3 nanocrystals.

Recently, metal-halide perovskites have rapidly emerged as efficient light emitters with near-unity quantum yield and size-dependent optical and electronic properties, which have attracted considerable attention from researchers. However, the ultrafast nucleation rate of ionic perovskite counterparts severely limits the in-depth exploration of the growth mechanism of colloidal nanocrystals (NCs). Herein, we used an inorganic ligand nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate (NOBF4) to trigger a slow post-synthesis transformation process, converting non-luminescent Cs4PbBr6 NCs into bright green luminescent CsPbBr3 NCs to elucidate the concrete transformation mechanism via four stages: (i) the dissociation of pristine NCs, (ii) the formation of Pb-Br intermediates, (iii) low-dimensional nanoplatelets (NPLs) and (iv) cubic CsPbBr3 NCs, corresponding to the blue-to-green emission process. The desorption and reorganization of organic ligands induced by NO+ and the involvement of BF4- in the ligand exchange process played pivotal roles in this dissolution-recrystallization of NCs. Moreover, controlled shape evolution from anisotropic NPLs to NCs was investigated through variations in the amount of NOBF4. This further validates that additives exert a decisive role in the symmetry and growth of nanostructured perovskite crystals during phase transition based on the ligand-exchange mechanism. This finding serves as a source of inspiration for the synthesis of highly luminescent CsPbBr3 NCs, providing valuable insights into the chemical mechanism in post-synthesis transformation.

1D/2D Heterostructured WS2@PANI Composite for Highly Sensitive, Flexible, and Room Temperature Ammonia Gas Sensor.

Flexible and room-temperature (RT) ammonia gas sensors are needed for exhaled breath detection and recognition. Two-dimensional transition metal disulfides are potential materials for RT gas sensing because of their low band gap and a large number of edge-exposed sites that can provide strong binding to gas molecules. In this work, a 1D/2D heterostructured composite material of 2D tungsten disulfide (WS2) modified with 1D polyaniline (PANI) was proposed. The fibrous PANI adsorbed on the edges and inserted in the interlayers of the laminated WS2 provide more diffusion channels for the ammonia gas and act as sensing sites. The WS2@PANI-based sensor shows high selectivity for ammonia with satisfying reproducibility and long-term stability. A response of 216.3% and a short response/recovery time of 25 s/39 s were achieved for 100 ppm ammonia gas. The sensing mechanism was investigated in detail via complex impedance spectra and in situ FT-IR, which was attributed to the synergistic effect of WS2 and PANI. The excellent sensing performance coupled with its resistance to thermal and humidity interference endows the WS2@PANI-based sensor with potential for human exhaled detection and wearable electronics.

High-fidelity intracellular imaging of multiple miRNAs via stimulus-responsive nanocarriers and catalytic hairpin assembly.

An advanced nanoplatform was developed by integrating catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) with glutathione-responsive nanocarriers, enabling superior imaging of dual cancer-related miRNAs. Two distinct CHA circuits for the sensing of miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 were functionalized on biodegraded MnO2. In the presence of GSH and the corresponding miRNAs, the degraded MnO2 released the DNA cargos, activating the CHA circuits and recovering the fluorescence. This approach offers a reliable sensing performance with highly selective cell-identification capacity, positioning it as a pivotal tool for imaging multiple biomarkers in living cells.

Effects of lactic acid bacteria on antioxidant activity in vitro and aroma component of Eucommia ulmoides tea.

Eucommia ulmoides tea is a popular functional health drink in Asian countries, but its unique herbal aroma is difficult for consumers to accept. The effects of four lactic acid bacteria strains (Lactobacillus plantarium, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus) fermentation on the physicochemical property, antioxidant activity in vitro and aroma component of E. ulmoides leaves were studied. Within the four strains, the sample by L. bulgaricus fermentation showed the higher concentrations of chlorogenic acid, geniposidic acid and stronger antioxidant activity in vitro. Moreover, the sample by L. bulgaricus fermentation produced a stronger fruity and floral flavor. These results suggested that L. bulgaricus was the best strain for fermentation E. ulmoides tea. The differences between different strains should be considered when selecting lactic acid bacteria for raw material fermentation of fruits and vegetables.

Gastrointestinal perforation in extremely low birth weight infants: A single center retrospective study in China.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal perforation in extremely low birth weight infants, characterized by its rapid onset, multiple complications, and critical condition, poses a significant risk of infant mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of pneumoperitoneum in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI) and explore the risk factors associated with gastrointestinal perforation in very low birth weight preterm infants. Additionally, we shared our surgical experiences in managing gastrointestinal perforation among extremely low birth weight infants. METHODS: The Department of Neonatology at Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital conducted a retrospective study on gastrointestinal perforation in extremely low birth weight infants (birth weight <1000 g) who were admitted between 2014 and 2021. After baseline analysis and comparing it with the control group, we identified the risk factors associated with gastrointestinal perforation in ELBWI by multiple logistic regression analysis. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess the adverse effect of gastrointestinal perforation for survival in ELBW infants. Cox multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate hazard level of different variables for ELBW infants survival. RESULTS: Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA)(p = 0.043, OR = 2.779) and sepsis (p = 0.014, OR = 2.265) were significant risk factors for gastrointestinal perforation in extremely low birth weight infants. The Cox proportional hazard model revealed that intraventricular hemorrhage (HR = 2.854, p＜0.001) Sepsis (HR = 1.645, p = 0.015) and gastrointestinal perforation (HR = 1.876, p = 0.008) had detrimental effects on the survival of extremely low birth weight infants; conversely, ibuprofen (HR = 0.304, p＜0.001) and blood transfusion (HR = 0.372, p＜0.001) are beneficial factors for their survival. The preoperative indicators of infection in infants with spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) were significantly better than those in the necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Gastrointestinal perforation poses a significant threat the survival of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants, with hsPDA and sepsis serving as predisposing factors for gastrointestinal perforation. The gastrointestinal perforation caused by various diseases exhibits distinct clinical characteristics, necessitating tailored surgical approaches based on operative conditions.

Integration of plasma and electrocatalysis to synthesize cyclohexanone oxime under ambient conditions using air as a nitrogen source.

Direct fixation of N2 to N-containing value-added chemicals is a promising pathway for sustainable chemical manufacturing. There is extensive demand for cyclohexanone oxime because it is the essential feedstock of Nylon 6. Currently, cyclohexanone oxime is synthesized under harsh conditions that consume a considerable amount of energy. Herein, we report a novel approach to synthesize cyclohexanone oxime by in situ NO3- generation from air under ambient conditions. This process was carried out through an integrated strategy including plasma-assisted air-to-NOx and co-electrolysis of NOx and cyclohexanone. A high rate of cyclohexanone oxime formation at 20.1 mg h-1 cm-2 and a corresponding faradaic efficiency (FE) of 51.4% was achieved over a Cu/TiO2 catalyst, and the selectivity of cyclohexanone oxime was >99.9% on the basis of cyclohexanone. The C-N bond formation mechanism was examined by in situ experiments and theoretical calculations, which showed that cyclohexanone oxime forms through the reaction between an NH2OH intermediate and cyclohexanone.

Mn2+ and Sb3+ Codoped Cs2ZnCl4 Metal Halide with Excitation-Wavelength-Dependent Emission for Fluorescence Anticounterfeiting.

In recent years, there has been a growing demand for luminescence anticounterfeiting materials that possess the properties of environmentally friendly, single-component, and multimode fluorescence. Among the materials explored, the low dimensional metal halides have gained wide attention because of unique characteristics including low toxicity, simple synthesis, good stability, and so on. Here, we synthesized Mn2+ and Sb3+ codoped Cs2ZnCl4 single crystals by a facile hydrothermal method. Under 365 nm excitation, the codoped compound exhibits dual-band emissions at 530 and 730 nm. However, under 316 nm excitation, the compound only shows one emission band from 500 to 850 nm peaking at 730 nm, while under 460 nm excitation, the emission from 500 to 650 nm with an emission peak at 530 nm can be observed. Based on the study of the photoluminescence mechanism, the green and red emissions originate from the Mn2+ located in the tetrahedron and self-trapped exciton emission of [SbCl4]- clusters, respectively. Due to the zero-dimensional structure of the Cs2ZnCl4 host, there is minimal energy transfer between these dopants. Consequently, the luminous ratios of the two emissions can be independently regulated. Except by tuning the dopant concentrations, the Cs2ZnCl4:Mn2+, Sb3+ demonstrates excitation-wavelength-dependent properties, which could emit more than two colors with the change of excitation wavelength. As a result, multimode anticounterfeiting based on Cs2ZnCl4:Mn2+, Sb3+ crystals has been designed, which aligns with the requirements of environmentally friendly, single-component, and multimode fluorescence properties.

Two-Dimensional Copper/Nickel Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets for Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Detection.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have broad potential applications in electrochemical glucose detection. Herein, a green ultrasonic synthesis process is presented for preparing two-dimensional (2D) copper-nickel metal-organic framework nanosheets (CuNi-MOFNs) for glucose detection. The synthesized CuNi-MOFNs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The CuNi-MOFN nanocomposites were used to cover the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and the CuNi-MOFNs-modified electrode was studied in alkaline media. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometric i-t curves indicated that the CuNi-MOFNs-modified electrode revealed great electrochemical performances towards glucose oxidation. Due to the ease of access to active metal sites in large specific surface of nanosheets, the CuNi-MOFNs-modified electrode can effectively improve the electronic transfer rate and enhance electrocatalytic activity of the CuNi-MOFNs-modified electrode. The CuNi-MOFNs-modified electrode showed electrochemical performances for glucose detection with a linear range from 0.01 mM to 4 mM, sensitivity of 702 µAmM-1cm-2, and detection limit of 3.33 µΜ (S/N = 3). The CuNi-MOFNs-modified electrode exhibited excellent anti-interference ability and high selectivity in glucose measurements. Hence, the CuNi-MOFNs-modified electrode has good, promising prospects in non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose detection.

Boosting Electrocatalytic Nitrate-to-Ammonia via Tuning of N-Intermediate Adsorption on a Zn-Cu Catalyst.

The renewable-energy-powered electroreduction of nitrate (NO3 - ) to ammonia (NH3 ) has garnered significant interest as an eco-friendly and promising substitute for the Haber-Bosch process. However, the sluggish kinetics hinders its application at a large scale. Herein, we first calculated the N-containing species (*NO3 and *NO2 ) binding energy and the free energy of the hydrogen evolution reaction over Cu with different metal dopants, and it was shown that Zn was a promising candidate. Based on the theoretical study, we designed and synthesized Zn-doped Cu nanosheets, and the as-prepared catalysts demonstrated excellent performance in NO3 - -to-NH3 . The maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of NH3 could reach 98.4 % with an outstanding yield rate of 5.8 mol g-1 h-1 , which is among the best results up to date. The catalyst also had excellent cycling stability. Meanwhile, it also presented a FE exceeding 90 % across a wide potential range and NO3 - concentration range. Detailed experimental and theoretical studies revealed that the Zn doping could modulate intermediates adsorption strength, enhance NO2 - conversion, change the *NO adsorption configuration to a bridge adsorption, and decrease the energy barrier, leading to the excellent catalytic performance for NO3 - -to-NH3 .

Lignin-derived carbon nanosheets boost electrochemical reductive amination of pyruvate to alanine.

Efficient and sustainable amino acid synthesis is essential for industrial applications. Electrocatalytic reductive amination has emerged as a promising method, but challenges such as undesired side reactions and low efficiency persist. Herein, we demonstrated a lignin-derived catalyst for alanine synthesis. Carbon nanosheets (CNSs) were synthesized from lignin via a template-assisted method and doped with nitrogen and sulfur to boost reductive amination and suppress side reactions. The resulting N,S-co-doped carbon nanosheets (NS-CNSs) exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance. It achieved a maximum alanine Faradaic efficiency of 79.5%, and a yield exceeding 1,199 µmol h-1 cm-2 on NS-CNS, with a selectivity above 99.9%. NS-CNS showed excellent durability during long-term electrolysis. Kinetic studies including control experiments and theoretical calculations provided further insights into the reaction pathway. Moreover, NS-CNS catalysts demonstrated potential in upgrading real-world polylactic acid plastic waste, yielding value-added alanine with a selectivity over 75%.

Oxophilicity-Controlled CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Alcohols over Lewis Acid Metal-Doped Cuδ+ Catalysts.

Cu-based electrocatalysts have great potential for facilitating CO2 reduction to produce energy-intensive fuels and chemicals. However, it remains challenging to obtain high product selectivity due to the inevitable strong competition among various pathways. Here, we propose a strategy to regulate the adsorption of oxygen-associated active species on Cu by introducing an oxophilic metal, which can effectively improve the selectivity of C2+ alcohols. Theoretical calculations manifested that doping of Lewis acid metal Al into Cu can affect the C-O bond and Cu-C bond breaking toward the selectively determining intermediate (shared by ethanol and ethylene), thus prioritizing the ethanol pathway. Experimentally, the Al-doped Cu catalyst exhibited an outstanding C2+ Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 84.5% with remarkable stability. In particular, the C2+ alcohol FE could reach 55.2% with a partial current density of 354.2 mA cm-2 and a formation rate of 1066.8 µmol cm-2 h-1. A detailed experimental study revealed that Al doping improved the adsorption strength of active oxygen species on the Cu surface and stabilized the key intermediate *OC2H5, leading to high selectivity toward ethanol. Further investigation showed that this strategy could also be extended to other Lewis acid metals.

Single Incision non-thoracoscopic Nuss procedure for children with pectus excavatum: protocol for a multicenter, non-masked, randomized controlled trial.

Background: Nuss procedure is the most common method of surgical treatment to pectus excavatum (PE). A significant percentage of surgeons choose to use thoracoscopic assistance during the Nuss procedure (TNP) to avoid cardiac injury. However, our previous findings confirm the safety of single incision Non-thoracoscopic Nuss Procedure (SINTNP). Hence, Further studies, particularly prospective randomized controlled trials, are necessary to assess the value of SINTNP for PE. Methods: This study is a prospective, superiority, multicenter, non-masked, randomized controlled trial that investigates the outcome and hospitalization medical expense of SINTNP compared to TNP for PE. A total of 320 eligible patients according to sample size calculation by retrospective data will be randomly assigned to the SINTNP group or the TNP group at a 1:1 ratio using stratified blocked randomization and the zone length was set as four. Patients aged between 3 and 18 years old for the first surgery and without combination of complex anomalies such as Marfan syndrome and congenital heart disease will be considered for the study. The co-primary endpoint is thoracic related complications and medical expense during hospitalization. Thoracic related complications were defined as pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pneumonia and incision infection. The secondary endpoints include surgery duration and length of hospital stay.The registration number for this study protocol is ChiCTR230073081 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, A Primary Registry of International Clinical Trial Registry Platform, World Health Organization).