RESUMEN
The impact of primary and secondary injuries of spinal cord injury (SCI) results in the demise of numerous neurons, and there is still no efficacious pharmacological intervention for it. Recently, studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a pivotal role in recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury. As a process to cope with intracellular accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins which triggers ERS, the unfolded protein response (UPR) plays an important role in maintaining protein homeostasis. And, a recently disclosed small molecule AA147, which selectively activates activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), has shown promising pharmacological effects in several disease models. Thus, it seems feasible to protect the neurons after spinal cord injury by modulating UPR. In this study, primary neurons were isolated from E17-19 C57BL/6J mouse embryos and we observed that AA147 effectively promoted the survival of neurons and alleviated neuronal apoptosis after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro. This was evident through a decrease in the proportion of PI-positive and TUNEL-positive cells, an increase in BCL-2 expression, and a decrease in the expression of BAX and C-caspase3. In in-vivo experiments, these findings were corroborated by TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry. It was also found that AA147 enhanced three arms of the unfolded protein response with reduced CHOP expression. Besides, AA147 mitigated the accumulation of ROS in neurons probably by upregulating catalase expression. Furthermore, spinal cord injury models of C57BL/6J mice were established and behavioral experiments revealed that AA147 facilitated the recovery of motor function following SCI. Thus, pharmacologic activation of ATF6 represents a promise therapeutic approach to ameliorate the prognosis of SCI.
RESUMEN
The Zn(II)2Cys6 zinc cluster protein family comprises a subclass of zinc-finger proteins that serve as transcriptional regulators involved in a diverse array of fugal biological processes. However, the roles and mechanisms of the Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factors in mediating Botrytis cinerea, a necrotrophic fungus that causes gray mold in over 1000 plant species, development and virulence remain obscure. Here, we demonstrate that a novel B. cinerea pathogenicity-associated factor BcFTG1 (fungal transcription factor containing the GAL4 domain), identified from a virulence-attenuated mutant M20162 from a B. cinerea T-DNA insertion mutant library, plays an important role in oxalic acid (OA) secretion, carbon source absorption and cell wall integrity. Loss of BcFTG1 compromises the ability of the pathogen to secrete OA, absorb carbon sources, maintain cell wall integrity, and promote virulence. Our findings provide novel insights into fungal factors mediating the pathogenesis of the gray mold fungus via regulation of OA secretion, carbon source utilization and cell wall integrity.
RESUMEN
Mycotoxins are representative contaminants causing food losses and food safety problems worldwide. Thymol can effectively inhibit pathogen infestation and aflatoxin accumulation during grain storage, but high volatility limits its application. Here, a thymol-betaine co-crystal system was synthesized through grinding-induced self-assembly. The THY-TMG co-crystal exhibited excellent thermal stability with melting point of 91.2 °C owing to abundant intermolecular interactions. Remarkably, after 15 days at 30 °C, the release rate of thymol from co-crystal was only 55%, far surpassing that of pure thymol. Notably, the co-crystal demonstrated the ability to bind H2O in the environment while controlling the release of thymol, essentially acting as a desiccant. Moreover, the co-crystals effectively inhibited the growth of Aspergillus flavus and the biosynthesis of aflatoxin B1. In practical terms, the THY-TMG co-crystal was successful in preventing AFB1 contamination and nutrients loss in peanuts, thereby prolonging their shelf-life under conditions of 28 °C and 70% RH.
Asunto(s)
Aspergillus flavus , Betaína , Timol , Timol/química , Timol/farmacología , Aspergillus flavus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Aspergillus flavus/efectos de los fármacos , Aspergillus flavus/química , Betaína/química , Betaína/farmacología , Conservantes de Alimentos/farmacología , Conservantes de Alimentos/química , Contaminación de Alimentos/prevención & control , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada/química , Arachis/química , Arachis/microbiología , Cristalización , Aflatoxinas/química , Aflatoxina B1/químicaRESUMEN
Oleanane pentacyclic triterpenoids have been widely used in clinical practice. However, studies on their interactions with hepatic transporters remain limited. In this study, we systematically investigated the inhibitory effects of 14 oleanane pentacyclic triterpenoids on organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 and 1B3 (OATP1B1 and OATP1B3), two liver-specific uptake transporters. Through fluorescence-based cellular uptake assays, we identified three potent OATP1B1 inhibitors (saikosaponin B1, saikosaponin A and 18ß-glycyrrhetinic acid) and five potent OATP1B3 inhibitors (echinocystic acid, 3-oxo-16α-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28ß-oic acid, chikusetsu saponin IVa, saikosaponin B1 and 18ß-glycyrrhetinic acid). Structural analysis revealed that free oleanane triterpenoids inhibited OATP1B1/1B3 more potently than triterpene glycosides. Despite their similar structures, 18ß-glycyrrhetinic acid exhibited much stronger inhibition on OATP1B1/1B3 than 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid, while both were substrates of OATP1B3. Interestingly, OATP1B3 overexpression significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in HepG2 cells after treatment with 18ß-glycyrrhetinic acid. To conclude, this study highlights the potential interactions of oleanane pentacyclic triterpenoids with OATP1B1/1B3, and provides novel insights into the anti-cancer activity of 18ß-glycyrrhetinic acid.
Asunto(s)
Transportador 1 de Anión Orgánico Específico del Hígado , Ácido Oleanólico , Miembro 1B3 de la Familia de los Transportadores de Solutos de Aniones Orgánicos , Humanos , Ácido Oleanólico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Oleanólico/farmacología , Miembro 1B3 de la Familia de los Transportadores de Solutos de Aniones Orgánicos/metabolismo , Transportador 1 de Anión Orgánico Específico del Hígado/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Células Hep G2 , Saponinas/farmacología , Ácido Glicirretínico/farmacología , Ácido Glicirretínico/análogos & derivadosRESUMEN
Russula is the largest genus in the Russulales and is widespread throughout the world. Almost all Russula species are known to be ectomycorrhizal with high ecological and edible values, and some are lethal poisonous. In this study, four new species belonging to the subgenus Russula crown clade are identified based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence from the Xizang Autonomous Region and other provinces of China. Morphologically, Russula paragraveolens (sect. Polychromae, subsect. Xerampelinae) is mainly characterised by a cherry red to blood red pileus centre, a reddish orange pileus margin; R. pseudograveolens (sect. Polychromae, subsect. Xerampelinae) is characterised by a violet brown to brownish red pileus centre, a pale red to pastel red pileus margin and short basidia; R. shigatseensis (sect. Flavisiccantes, subsect. Lepidinae) is characterised by a brownish orange to madder red pileus centre, pinkish red pileus margin, and having lateral branches or branches of hyphal terminations in pileipellis; R. yadongensis (sect. Tenellae, subsect. Laricinae) is characterised by a dark purplish red pileus centre with brownish purple tints and having isolated to clustered spines of spore ornamentations. Their distinct taxonomic status is confirmed by the positions of the four new species in both the ITS and 4-locus (nucLSU, mtSSU, rpb2, tef1) phylogenetic trees.
RESUMEN
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and associated Cas protein (CRISPR-Cas), a powerful genome editing tool, has revolutionized gene function investigation and exhibits huge potential for clinical applications. CRISPR-Cas-mediated gene knockout has already become a routine method in research laboratories. However, in the last few years, accumulating evidences have demonstrated that genes knocked out by CRISPR-Cas may not be truly silenced. Functional residual proteins could be generated in such knockout organisms to compensate the putative loss of function, termed herein knockout escaping. In line with this, several CRISPR-Cas-mediated knockout screenings have discovered much less abnormal phenotypes than expected. How does knockout escaping happen and how often does it happen have not been systematically reviewed yet. Without knowing this, knockout results could easily be misinterpreted. In this review, we summarize these evidences and propose two main mechanisms allowing knockout escaping. To avoid the confusion caused by knockout escaping, several strategies are discussed as well as their advantages and disadvantages. On the other hand, knockout escaping also provides convenient tools for studying essential genes and treating monogenic disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which are discussed in the end.
Asunto(s)
Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Edición Génica , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Edición Génica/métodosRESUMEN
The pink-colored and strictly aerobic bacterium strain, designated as TK19036T, was isolated from mesopelagic layer of the Southwest Indian Ocean. This novel isolate can grow at 10-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and 2-14% NaCl concentrations (w/v) (optimum, 6%). The predominant respiratory quinone was Menaquinone-7. Major polar lipid profiles contained two aminolipids, aminophospholipid, two glycolipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, and three unknown polar lipids. The preponderant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, C16:1 ω5c and iso-C17:0 3-OH. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence uncovered that the strain TK19036T pertained to the family Catalinimonadaceae under phylum Bacteroidota, and formed a distinct lineage with the closed species Tunicatimonas pelagia NBRC 107804T. The up-to-bacteria-core gene phylogenetic trees also demonstrated a deep and novel branch formed by the strain TK19036T within the family Catalinimonadaceae. Based on chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic features presented above, strain TK19036T represents a novel species from a novel genus of the family Catalinimonadaceae, for which the name Roseihalotalea indica gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TK19036T (= CGMCC 1.18940T = NBRC 116371T).
Asunto(s)
Bacteroidetes , Ácidos Grasos , Océano Índico , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Bacteroidetes/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Aberrant alternative splicing (AS) is a pervasive event during colorectal cancer (CRC) development. SF3B3 is a splicing factor component of U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins which are crucial for early stages of spliceosome assembly. The role of SF3B3 in CRC remains unknown. METHODS: SF3B3 expression in human CRCs was analyzed using publicly available CRC datasets, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and western blot. RNA-seq, RNA immunoprecipitation, and lipidomics were performed in SF3B3 knockdown or overexpressing CRC cell lines. CRC cell xenografts, patient-derived xenografts, patient-derived organoids, and orthotopic metastasis mouse models were utilized to determine the in vivo role of SF3B3 in CRC progression and metastasis. RESULTS: SF3B3 was upregulated in CRC samples and associated with poor survival. Inhibition of SF3B3 by RNA silencing suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo, characterized by mitochondria injury, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis. Mechanistically, silencing of SF3B3 increased mTOR exon-skipped splicing, leading to the suppression of lipogenesis via mTOR-SREBF1-FASN signaling. The combination of SF3B3 shRNAs and mTOR inhibitors showed synergistic antitumor activity in patient-derived CRC organoids and xenografts. Importantly, we identified SF3B3 as a critical regulator of mTOR splicing and autophagy in multiple cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings revealed that SF3B3 promoted CRC progression and metastasis by regulating mTOR alternative splicing and SREBF1-FASN-mediated lipogenesis, providing strong evidence to support SF3B3 as a druggable target for CRC therapy.
Asunto(s)
Empalme Alternativo , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR , Humanos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Ratones , Animales , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Factores de Empalme de ARN/metabolismo , Factores de Empalme de ARN/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Proliferación Celular , MasculinoRESUMEN
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, automated endoscopy-assisted diagnostic systems have become an effective tool for reducing the diagnostic costs and shortening the treatment cycle of patients. Typically, the performance of these systems depends on deep learning models which are pre-trained with large-scale labeled data, for example, early gastric cancer based on endoscopic images. However, the expensive annotation and the subjectivity of the annotators lead to an insufficient and class-imbalanced endoscopic image dataset, and these datasets are detrimental to the training of deep learning models. Therefore, we proposed a Swin Transformer encoder-based StyleGAN (STE-StyleGAN) for unbalanced endoscopic image enhancement, which is composed of an adversarial learning encoder and generator. Firstly, a pre-trained Swin Transformer is introduced into the encoder to extract multi-scale features layer by layer from endoscopic images. The features are subsequently fed into a mapping block for aggregation and recombination. Secondly, a self-attention mechanism is applied to the generator, which adds detailed information of the image layer by layer through recoded features, enabling the generator to autonomously learn the coupling between different image regions. Finally, we conducted extensive experiments on a private intestinal metaplasia grading dataset from a Grade-A tertiary hospital. The experimental results show that the images generated by STE-StyleGAN are closer to the initial image distribution, achieving a Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) value of 100.4. Then, these generated images are used to enhance the initial dataset to improve the robustness of the classification model, and achieved a top accuracy of 86 %.
Asunto(s)
Aprendizaje Profundo , Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Aumento de la Imagen/métodos , Endoscopía/métodos , Interpretación de Imagen Asistida por Computador/métodos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodosRESUMEN
In this work, Eu-doped twin copper oxide (twin Cu1-xEuxO) was synthesized using the gas-liquid phase chemical deposition method in combination with high-temperature oxidation. The incorporation of Eu3+ ions was affected by their diffusivity and the related charge trapping mechanisms. The twin Cu1-xEuxO configuration exhibited significant room-temperature ferromagnetism. From our analysis, it was demonstrated that as the Eu3+ doping concentration increased, the saturation magnetization first increased and then gradually decreased, reaching a peak at 0.82 at%. A p-type to an n-type semiconducting transition was also recorded as the doping concentration increased. A significant anomalous Hall effect characterized by a maximum anomalous Hall coefficient of 1.65, and a maximum Hall conductivity mobility of 16.50 Ohm-1 cm-1 and 250.59 cm2 v-1 s-1, respectively, were derived for the twin Cu1-xEuxO, doped with 0.82 at% at room temperature. First-principles computational simulations were also conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the magnetic properties, the p-type to n-type transition, and the interplay between the spin-polarized states associated with 4f and carriers. In twin Cu1-xEuxO, the anomalous Hall effect originated from the contribution of the edge-to-jump scattering mechanism. The latter can be significantly enhanced by doping with Eu atoms, which yields the manifestation of the oblique scattering mechanism. Our work paves the way for the development of twin Cu1-xEuxO material structures, which emerge as an ideal candidate for future spintronic applications.
RESUMEN
Unordered vacancies engineered in host anode materials cannot well maintain the uniform Na+ adsorbed and possibly render the local structural stress intense, resulting in electrode peeling and battery failure. Here, the indium is first introduced into Cu2Se to achieve the formation of CuInSe2. Next, an ion extraction strategy is employed to fabricate Cu0.54In1.15Se2 enriched with ordered vacancies by spontaneous formation of defect pairs. Such ordered defects, compared with unordered ones, can serve as myriad sodium ion micropumps evenly distributing in crystalline host to homogenize the adsorbed Na+ and the generated volumetric stress during the electrochemistry. Furthermore, Cu0.54In1.15Se2 is indeed proved by the calculations to exhibit smaller volumetric variation than the counterpart with unordered vacancies. Thanks to the distinct ordered vacancy structure, the material exhibits a highly reversible capacity of 428 mAh g-1 at 1 C and a high-rate stability of 311.7 mAh g-1 at 10 C after 5000 cycles when employed as an anode material for Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). This work presents the promotive effect of ordered vacancies on the electrochemistry of SIBs and demonstrates the superiority to unordered vacancies, which is expected to extend it to other metal-ion batteries, not limited to SIBs to achieve high capacity and cycling stability.
RESUMEN
Acidic CO2 electroreduction (CO2R) using renewable electricity holds promise for high-efficiency generation of storable liquid chemicals with up to 100% CO2 utilization. However, the strong parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) limits its selectivity and energy efficiency (EE), especially at ampere-level current densities. Here we present that enhancing CO2R intermediate coverage on catalysts promotes CO2R and concurrently suppresses HER. We identified and engineered robust Cu6Sn5 catalysts with strong *OCHO affinity and weak *H binding, achieving 91% Faradaic efficiency (FE) for formic acid (FA) production at 1.2 A cm-2 and pH 1. Notably, the single-pass carbon efficiency reaches a new benchmark of 77.4% at 0.5 A cm-2 over 300 hours. In situ electrochemical Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed Cu6Sn5 enhances *OCHO coverage ~2.8× compared to Sn at pH 1. Using a cation-free, solid-state-electrolyte-based membrane-electrode-assembly, we produce 0.36 M pure FA at 88% FE over 130 hours with a marked full-cell EE of 37%.
RESUMEN
Utilizing diverse material combinations in heterogeneous structures has become an effective approach for regulating interface characteristics and electronic structures. The g-C3N4/Co3O4 heterostructures were fabricated by uniformly modifying Co3O4 nanoparticles onto discrete clusters of g-C3N4 nanosheets. Then, they were subsequently employed as positive electrode materials for assembling hybrid supercapacitors. According to the first-principles calculation, Co3O4 and g-C3N4 formed Co-N ionic bonds, establishing interfacial space symmetry-broken heterojunction and direct exchange and superexchange between ions at the interface and sub-interface. This resulted in a high-density spin-orbit hybrid heterogeneous polarization interface, significantly improving the quantum capacitance of heterojunction materials. Experimental results showed that the heterojunction had a specific capacitance of 2662 F g-1 at 1 A g-1. When the power density was 750 W kg-1, the energy density reached 128 Wh kg-1. Even when the power density was 16850 W kg-1, it could show an energy density of 62.5 Wh kg-1. The g-C3N4/Co3O4 heterojunction could realize high energy density charge storage as the cathode material of supercapacitors. The construction of heterogeneous polarization interfaces for high-energy quantum capacitors provides a new and effective method for the energy storage field.
RESUMEN
Botrytis cinerea can infect almost all of the important horticultural crops and cause severe economic losses globally every year. Modifying candidate genes and studying the phenotypic changes are among the most effective ways to unravel the pathogenic mechanism of this crop killer. However, few effective positive selection markers are used for B. cinerea genetic transformation, which limits multiple modifications to the genome, especially genes involving redundant functions. Here, we optimized a geneticin resistance gene, BcNPTII, based on the codon usage preference of B. cinerea. We found that BcNPTII can greatly increase the transformation efficiency of B. cinerea under G418 selection, with approximately 30 times higher efficiency than that of NPTII, which is applied efficiently to transform Magnaporthe oryzae. Using the gene replacement method, we successfully knocked out the second gene BOT2, with BcNPTII as the selection marker, from the mutant ΔoahA, in which OAHA was first replaced by the hygromycin resistance gene HPH in a field strain. We obtained the double knockout mutant ΔoahA Δbot2. Our data show that the codon-optimized BcNPTII is an efficient positive selection marker for B. cinerea transformation and can be used for various genetic manipulations in B. cinerea, including field wild-type strains.
RESUMEN
Nb4 C3 Tx MXene has shown extraordinary promise for various applications owing to its unique physicochemical properties. However, it can only be synthesized by the traditional HF-based etching method, which uses large amounts of hazardous HF and requires a long etching time (> 96 h), thus limiting its practical application. Here, an ultra-efficient and environmental-friendly H2 O-assisted supercritical etching method is proposed for the preparation of Nb4 C3 Tx MXene. Benefiting from the synergetic effect between supercritical CO2 (SPC-CO2 ) and subcritical H2 O ï¼SBC-H2 Oï¼, the etching time for Nb4 C3 Tx MXene can be dramatically shortened to 1 h. The as-synthesized Nb4 C3 Tx MXene possesses uniform accordion-like morphology and large interlayer spacing. When used as anode for Li-ion battery, the Nb4 C3 Tx MXene delivers a high reversible specific capacity of 430 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 , which is among the highest values achieved in pure-MXene-based anodes. The superior lithium storage performance of the Nb4 C3 Tx MXene can be ascribed to its high conductivity, fast Li+ diffusion kinetics and good structural stability.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disorder that affects the elderly population and increases the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after major surgeries. Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and attenuate lung injury in animal models. AIM: To evaluate the protective effect of sevoflurane on the lung function of elderly COPD patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, we randomly assigned 120 elderly patients with COPD, who were scheduled for THA, to receive either sevoflurane (sevoflurane group) or propofol (propofol group) as the maintenance anesthetic. The primary outcome was the incidence of PPCs within seven days after surgery. The secondary outcomes were changes in the lung function parameters, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress markers, and postoperative pain scores. RESULTS: The results showed that the incidence of PPCs was significantly lower in the sevoflurane group than in the propofol group (10% vs 25%, P = 0.02). Furthermore, the decline in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow was significantly lesser in the sevoflurane group than in the propofol group at 24 h and 48 h after surgery (P < 0.05). The interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, malondialdehyde, and 8-hydroxy-2 α-deoxyguanosine levels were significantly lower in the sevoflurane group than in the propofol group at 24 h after surgery (P < 0.05). The sevoflurane group showed significantly lower postoperative pain scores than the propofol group at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after surgery (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Sevoflurane protects the lung function of elderly COPD patients undergoing THA under general anesthesia by reducing the incidence of PPCs, attenuating inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, and alleviating postoperative pain.
RESUMEN
The individual and combined associations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) metabolites on liver function during pregnancy are still lacking. We aimed to explore the connection between urinary PAH metabolites and liver function in early pregnant women in southwest China based on the Zunyi birth cohort. Ten urinary PAH metabolites and five liver function parameters during early pregnancy were measured. The associations of single PAHs with parameters of liver function were assessed using multiple linear regression. A Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model was used to evaluate the joint associations of the PAH mixture with outcomes. We found that each 1% increment of urinary 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-OH-PHE) was associated with 3.36% (95% CI: 0.40%, 6.40%) higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and 2.22% (95% CI: 0.80%, 3.67%) higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Each 1% increment in 1-hydroxy-phenanthrene (1-OH-PHE) was significantly associated with 7.04% (95% CI: 1.61%, 12.75%) increased total bile acid (TBA). Additionally, there was a significant positive linear trend between 2-OH-PHE and AST and 1-OH-PHE and TBA. BKMR also showed a significant positive association of PAH mixture with AST. Our results indicate that PAH metabolites were associated with increased parameters of liver function among early pregnant women. Early pregnant women should pay more attention to the adverse relationships between PAHs and liver function parameters to prevent environment-related adverse perinatal outcomes.
RESUMEN
Objective. Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a common precancerous condition for gastric cancer, and the risk of developing gastric cancer increases as IM worsens. However, current deep learning-based methods cannot effectively model the complex geometric structure of IM lesions. To accurately diagnose the severity of IM and prevent the occurrence of gastric cancer, we revisit the deformable convolution network (DCN), propose a novel offset generation method based on color features to guide deformable convolution, named color-guided deformable convolutional network (CDCN).Approach. Specifically, we propose a combined strategy of conventional and deep learning methods for IM lesion areas localization and generating offsets. Under the guidance of offsets, the sample locations of convolutional neural network adaptively adjust to extract discriminate features in an irregular way that conforms to the IM shape.Main results. To verify the effectiveness of CDCN, comprehensive experiments are conducted on the self-constructed IM severity dataset. The experimental results show that CDCN outperforms many existing methods and the accuracy has been improved by 5.39% compared to DCN, reaching 84.17%. Significance. To the best of our knowledge, CDCN is the first method to grade the IM severity using endoscopic images, which can significantly enhance the clinical application of endoscopy, achieving more precise diagnoses.
Asunto(s)
Lesiones Precancerosas , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Endoscopía , Redes Neurales de la ComputaciónRESUMEN
Enhancing English phonological awareness is critical in promoting native English speakers' reading development. However, less attention has been paid to the role of phonological awareness development for English language learners in a logographic context. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of training native Chinese speakers' English phonological awareness and reading across age groups. Thirty-three articles, including 37 independent samples, were identified as training studies that reported English phonological awareness as an outcome measure, and 16 articles, including 17 independent samples, featured training studies that reported reading as an outcome measure. Results based on a random-effect model revealed the effect sizes for overall English phonological awareness (including English syllable awareness, phoneme awareness, and rhyme awareness) and overall reading (including word reading and pseudoword reading) were g = 0.651 (n = 3137) and g = 0.498 (n = 1506), respectively. Specifically, instructional training exerted a small impact on word reading (g = 0.297), moderate effects on syllable awareness (g = 0.468) and pseudoword reading (g = 0.586), a medium to large effect on phoneme awareness (g = 0.736), and a large impact on rhyme awareness (g = 0.948). The moderator analyses yielded several significant findings. Regarding the English phonological awareness outcome, programs integrating lexical semantic knowledge exhibited the largest trend in enhancing native Chinese speakers' skills. Among all age groups, upper elementary students benefited most from instructional training. Furthermore, more intensive training had a greater impact than less intensive training. In terms of the reading outcome, similar to English phonological awareness findings, upper elementary students realized the greatest improvements. Additionally, unpublished articles indicated a larger training effect on reading than published ones. These findings provide practitioners with guidelines for delivering effective instruction to promote phonological awareness and reading ability for English language learners in a logographic language context.
RESUMEN
Botrytis cinerea causes gray mold disease in leading crop plants. The disease develops only at cool temperatures, but the fungus remains viable in warm climates and can survive periods of extreme heat. We discovered a strong heat priming effect in which the exposure of B. cinerea to moderately high temperatures greatly improves its ability to cope with subsequent, potentially lethal temperature conditions. We showed that priming promotes protein solubility during heat stress and discovered a group of priming-induced serine-type peptidases. Several lines of evidence, including transcriptomics, proteomics, pharmacology, and mutagenesis data, link these peptidases to the B. cinerea priming response, highlighting their important roles in regulating priming-mediated heat adaptation. By imposing a series of sub-lethal temperature pulses that subverted the priming effect, we managed to eliminate the fungus and prevent disease development, demonstrating the potential for developing temperature-based plant protection methods by targeting the fungal heat priming response. IMPORTANCE Priming is a general and important stress adaptation mechanism. Our work highlights the importance of priming in fungal heat adaptation, reveals novel regulators and aspects of heat adaptation mechanisms, and demonstrates the potential of affecting microorganisms, including pathogens through manipulations of the heat adaptation response.