Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, the exact pathogenesis of which remains incompletely understood, and effective preventive and therapeutic drugs are currently lacking. Cholesterol plays a vital role in cell membrane formation and neurotransmitter synthesis, and its abnormal metabolism is associated with the onset of AD. With the continuous advancement of imaging techniques and molecular biology methods, researchers can more accurately explore the relationship between cholesterol metabolism and AD. Elevated cholesterol levels may lead to vascular dysfunction, thereby affecting neuronal function. Additionally, abnormal cholesterol metabolism may affect the metabolism of ß-amyloid protein, thereby promoting the onset of AD. Brain cholesterol levels are regulated by multiple factors. This review aims to deepen the understanding of the subtle relationship between cholesterol homeostasis and AD, and to introduce the latest advances in cholesterol-regulating AD treatment strategies, thereby inspiring readers to contemplate deeply on this complex relationship. Although there are still many unresolved important issues regarding the risk of brain cholesterol and AD, and some studies may have opposite conclusions, further research is needed to enrich our understanding. However, these findings are expected to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of AD and provide important insights for the future development of AD treatment strategies targeting brain cholesterol homeostasis.
Light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) holds unique properties and boosts myriad applications in diverse fields. However, the generation of an ultrafast wave packet carrying numerous vortices with various transverse OAM modes, i.e., vortex string, remains challenging, and the corresponding detection method is lacking. Here, we demonstrate that a vortex string with 28 spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOVs) with customizable topological charge (TC) arrangements can be generated in one wave packet. The diffraction rules of STOV strings are revealed theoretically and experimentally. Following these rules, the TC values and positions of all STOVs in a vortex string can be simultaneously recognized from the diffraction pattern. Such STOV strings facilitate STOV-based optical communication. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, the transmission of an image is realized with 16-STOV strings. This work provides guidance for revealing the underlying properties of the transverse OAM light and opens up opportunities for applications of the structured light in optical communication, quantum information processing, etc.
Sleep disturbances profoundly affect the quality of life in individuals with neurological disorders. Closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) holds promise for alleviating sleep symptoms, however, this technique necessitates automated sleep stage decoding from intracranial signals. We leveraged overnight data from 121 patients with movement disorders (Parkinson's disease, Essential Tremor, Dystonia, Essential Tremor, Huntington's disease, and Tourette's syndrome) in whom synchronized polysomnograms and basal ganglia local field potentials were recorded, to develop a generalized, multi-class, sleep specific decoder - BGOOSE. This generalized model achieved 85% average accuracy across patients and across disease conditions, even in the presence of recordings from different basal ganglia targets. Furthermore, we also investigated the role of electrocorticography on decoding performances and proposed an optimal decoding map, which was shown to facilitate channel selection for optimal model performances. BGOOSE emerges as a powerful tool for generalized sleep decoding, offering exciting potentials for the precision stimulation delivery of DBS and better management of sleep disturbances in movement disorders.
Bacteria-driven strategies have gained attention because of their effectiveness, viability, and cost-efficiency in the soil formation process of bauxite residues. However, further investigation is needed to enhance the extreme environment of bauxite residues and facilitate long-term sustainable development of bacteria. Here, soil, phosphogypsum, and leaf litter were selected as amendments, and soil and leaf litter were also used as bacterial inoculants in a 12-month microcosm experiment with bauxite residues. The results showed significant improvements in physicochemical properties, including alkalinity, organic carbon content, nutrient availability, and physical structure, when bauxite residue was mixed with amendments, particularly when different amendments were combined. The diversity, structure, and function of the bacterial community were significantly enhanced with the amelioration of the physicochemical properties. In the treated samples, especially those treated with a combination of different amendments, the relative abundance (RA) of alkali-resistant bacterial taxa decreased, whereas the RA of some common taxa found in normal soil increased, and the structure of the bacterial community gradually changed towards that of normal soil. A strong correlation between physicochemical and biological properties was found. These findings suggest that rational application of soil, phosphogypsum, and leaf litter effectively improves the environmental conditions of bauxite residues and facilitate long-term sustainable bacterial communities.
Aluminum Oxide , Bacteria , Soil Microbiology , Aluminum Oxide/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Calcium Sulfate/chemistry , Soil/chemistry , Phosphorus/chemistry
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP),as the most commonly infected respiratory pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia in preschool children,has becoming a prominent factor affecting children's respiratory health.Currently, there is a lack of easy, rapid, and accurate laboratory testing program for MP infection, which causes comparatively difficulty for clinical diagnostic.Here,we utilize loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to amplify and characterize the P1 gene of MP, combined with nucleic acid lateral flow (NALF) for fast and visuallized detection of MP.Furthermore, we evaluated and analyzed the sensitivity, specificity and methodological consistency of the method.The results showed that the limit of detection(LoD) of MP-LAMP-NALF assay was down to 100 copys per reaction and there was no cross-reactivity with other pathogens infected the respiratory system. The concordance rate between MP-LAMP-NALF assay with quantitative real-time PCR was 94.3 %,which exhibiting excellent testing performance.We make superior the turnaround time of the MP-LAMP-NALF assay, which takes only about 50 min. In addition, there is no need for precision instruments and no restriction on the laboratory site.Collectively, LAMP-NALF assay targeting the P1 gene for Mycoplasma pneumoniae detection was a easy, precise and visual test which could be widely applied in outpatient and emergency departments or primary hospitals.When further optimized, it could be used as "point-of-care testing" of pathogens or multiple testing for pathogens.
Actinomycosis is a chronic granulomatous disease that can affect various parts of the body, including the head and neck, lungs, abdominal and pelvic cavities, and wounds. It is caused by different actinomycetes like Actinomyces sherdii, Actinomyces glasii, Actinomyces cariosa, Actinomyces zurichensis, and Actinomyces europaea. Reported infections caused by actinomycetes include pulmonary actinomycosis, pelvic and abdominal infections, bone or artificial joint infections, endocarditis, complicated urinary tract infections, and soft tissue abscesses. The combination of pulmonary actinomycosis with gastric cancer is exceptionally rare in clinical practice, and the presence of actinomycetal infection alongside tumors in elderly patients poses significant challenges in treatment. This article presents the diagnosis and treatment process of an elderly patient with pulmonary actinomycosis and gastric adenocarcinoma.
An excitonic insulator (EI) is an intriguing correlated electronic phase of condensed excitons. Ta2NiSe5 is a model material for investigating condensed excitonic states. Herein, femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy is used to study the coherent phonon dynamics and associated exciton-phonon coupling in single-crystal Ta2NiSe5. The reflectivity time series consists of exponential decay due to hot carriers and damped oscillations due to the Ag phonon vibration. Given the in-plane anisotropic thermal conductivity of Ta2NiSe5, coherent phonon oscillations are stronger with perpendicular polarization to its quasi-one-dimensional chains. The 1-, 2-, and 4-THz vibration modes show coherent amplitude responses in the EI phase of Ta2NiSe5 with increasing temperature, totally different from those of normal coherent phonons (the 3- and 3.7-THz modes). The amplitude modes at higher frequencies decouple with the EI order parameter at lower temperatures, as supported by theoretical analysis with a model Hamiltonian of the exciton-phonon coupling system. Our work provides valuable insights into the character of the EI order parameter and its coupling to multiple coherent amplitude modes.
Colloidal molecule clusters (CMCs) are promising building blocks with molecule-like symmetry, offering exceptional synergistic properties for applications in plasmonics and catalysis. Traditional CMC fabrication has been limited to simple molecule-like structures utilizing isotropic particles. Here, we employ molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the co-assembly of anisotropic nanorods (NRs) and the stimulus-responsive polymer (SRP) via reversible adsorption. The results of the simulation show that it is possible to fabricate hypercoordination complex structures with high symmetry from the co-assembly of NRs and the SRP, even in analogy to the Th(BH4)4 structure. The coordination number of these CMCs can be precisely programmed by adjusting the shape and size of the ends of the NRs and the SRP cohesion energy. Furthermore, a finite-difference time-domain simulation indicates these hypercoordination structures exhibit significantly enhanced optical activity and plasmonic coupling effects. These findings introduce a new design approach for complex molecule-like structures utilizing anisotropic nanoparticles and may expand the applications of CMCs in photonics.
The improvement of the stability and adsorption properties of materials on targets in sample pre-treatment has long been an objective. Extensive efforts have been made to achieve this goal. In this work, metal-organic framework Ni-MOF precursors were first synthesized by solvothermal method using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as an ideal templating agent, stabiliser and nanoparticle dispersant. After carbonization and acid washing, the nanoporous carbon microspheres material (Ni@C-acid) was obtained. Compared with the material without acid treatment (Ni@C), the specific surface area, pore volume, adsorption performance of Ni@C-acid were increased. Thanks to its excellent characteristics (high stability, abundant benzene rings), Ni@C-acid was used as fiber coatings in headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) technology for extraction and preconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) prior to gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analysis. The experimental parameters of extraction temperature, extraction time, agitation speed, desorption temperature, desorption time and sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration were studied. Under optimal experimental conditions, the wide linear range (0.01-30 ng mL-1), the good correlation coefficient (0.9916-0.9984), the low detection limit (0.003-0.011 ng mL-1), and the high enrichment factor (5273-13793) were obtained. The established method was successfully used for the detection of trace PAHs in actual tea infusions samples and satisfied recoveries ranging from 80.94-118.62 % were achieved. The present work provides a simple method for the preparation of highly stable and adsorbable porous carbon microsphere materials with potential applications in the extraction of environmental pollutants.
Protected areas (PAs) serve as effective means for biodiversity conservation but face threats from habitat loss and fragmentation. Current research on the impact of habitat loss or habitat fragmentation on biodiversity in PAs mostly focuses on individual PA or regional scales. At the global scale, the extent of habitat loss and fragmentation in PAs and their effects on biodiversity remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the degree of habitat loss and fragmentation in global PAs from 2000 to 2020, analyzed the impact of habitat loss and fragmentation on biodiversity in PAs, identified hotspot PAs of severe habitat loss or fragmentation, and highlighted critically endangered species within these PAs. Our study reveals that, between 2000 and 2020, 19 % of global PAs experienced habitat loss, and 34 % experienced habitat fragmentation, with large PAs and South American tropical PAs exhibiting the most severe levels of habitat loss and fragmentation. The impact of habitat loss and fragmentation on biodiversity was most significant in small PAs and African tropical PAs. There are 10 global hotspot PAs of habitat loss or fragmentation, posing a serious threat to the survival of endangered species within PAs. Biodiversity conservation remains a prominent research focus globally, and the issues of habitat loss and fragmentation in PAs may impact the achievement of the COP15 biodiversity conservation goals. Therefore, this study aims to provide data support and scientific guidance for the management and development of global PAs.
PEMWE is considered a promising technology for coupling with renewable energy sources to achieve clean hydrogen production. However, constrained by the sluggish kinetics of the anodic OER and the acidic abominable environment render the grand challenges in developing the active and stable OER electrocatalyst, leading to low efficiency of PEMWE. Herein, we develop the rutile-type IrO2 nanoparticles with abundant grain boundaries and the continuous nanostructure through the joule heating and sacrificial template method. DFT calculations verified that grain boundaries can modulate the electronic structure of Ir sites and optimize the adsorption of oxygen intermediates, resulting in the accelerated kinetics. The 350-IrO2 affords a rapid OER process with 20 times higher mass activity (0.61 A mgIr-1) than the commercial IrO2 at 1.50 V vs. RHE. Benefiting from the reduced overpotential and the preservation of the stable rutile structure, 350-IrO2 exhibits the stability of 200 h test at 10 mA cm-2 with only trace decay of 11.8 mV. Moreover, the assembled PEMWE with anode 350-IrO2 catalyst outputs the current density up to 2 A cm-2 with only 1.84 V applied voltage, long-term operation for 100 h without obvious performance degradation at 1 A cm-2.
OBJECTIVE: Evidence of abnormal α-synuclein (α-Syn) deposition in the brain is required for definitive diagnosis of synucleinopathies, which remains challenging. The seed amplification assay (SAA) is an innovative technique that can detect the seeding activity of misfolded α-Syn, enabling the amplification and detection of minute quantities of pathogenic α-Syn aggregates. This study aimed to evaluate oral mucosa α-Syn SAA as possible diagnostic and prodromal biomarkers for synucleinopathies. METHODS: A total of 107 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, 99 multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients, 33 patients with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and 103 healthy controls (HC) were included. The SAA was applied to detect the seeding activity of α-Syn from oral mucosa. A combination of morphological, biochemical, and biophysical methods was also used to analyze the fibrils generated from the oral mucosa α-Syn SAA. RESULTS: Structured illumination microscopy images revealed the increased α-Syn species in oral mucosa of PD, MSA, and iRBD patients than in HCs. Oral mucosa α-Syn SAA distinguished patients with PD from HC with 67.3% sensitivity and 90.3% specificity. Oral mucosa was α-Syn SAA positive in 53.5% MSA patients and 63.6% iRBD patients. Furthermore, the α-Syn fibrils generated from MSA demonstrated greater resistance to proteinase K digestion and exhibited stronger cytotoxicity compared to those from PD patients. CONCLUSION: Oral mucosa α-Syn seeding activity may serve as novel non-invasive diagnostic and prodromal biomarkers for synucleinopathies. The α-Syn aggregates amplified from the oral mucosa of PD and MSA exhibited distinct biochemical and biophysical properties. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
BACKGROUND: Yangjiang douchi (YD) is a traditional fermented soybean product, which is popular in Chinese cuisine for its unique flavor. However, due to its high salt content and unstable flavor, its competitiveness in the international market is gradually weakening. Microorganisms have a key role in the production process of YD because it is a fermented food but the effect of microorganisms on the volatile compounds of YD is also not currently clear. RESULTS: In this paper, aroma compounds and microbial diversity in different fermentation stages of YD were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC-MS/O) and IlluminaMiseq system sequencing. A total of 78 aroma-active compounds were detected throughout the fermentation process and they influenced the formation of flavor in YD. Fungi flora were relatively single in YD, and bacteria were rich and varied. A total of 418 species of bacteria were present during fermentation, with unclassified_Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus_kloosii, and Bacillus_velezensis_Bacillus predominating. There were 25 species of fungi at the species level, and Aspergillus minisclerotigenes (OTU 4) played a dominant role in the whole fermentation process. CONCLUSION: Staphylococcus and Bacillus in the bacterial genus were strongly correlated with most flavor compounds detected, and A. minisclerotigenes in the fungi were more relevant to flavor compounds. This research provides a theoretical basis for the enhancement of the flavor of traditional fermented douchi in China. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Background: Currently, the bipolar radiofrequency ablation forceps manufactured by AtriCure are the main instrument for surgical ablation in patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) concomitant with atrial fibrillation (AF). The bipolar radiofrequency ablation forceps by Med-Zenith has a greater advantage in price compared with AtriCure. However, few studies have been reported on the comparison of their clinical efficacy. The aim of this study is to compare the short-term clinical efficacy of the two ablation forceps for RHD concomitant with AF. Methods: Clinical data of 167 patients with RHD concomitant with AF admitted to the Department of Cardiac Major Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, were retrospectively analyzed, and the restoration efficacy of sinus rhythm (SR) and cardiac function after surgery were compared with two ablation forceps. Results: The end-systolic diameter of the right atrium and the end-systolic diameter of the left atrium in the patients of both groups at each postoperative time point decreased compared with that of the preoperative period (P < 0.05), and the left ventricular ejection fraction started to improve significantly at 6â months after surgery compared with that of the preoperative period (P < 0.05). There was no difference between the two groups of patients in the comparison of the aforementioned indicators at different points in time (P > 0.05). At 12â months postoperatively, the SR maintenance rate in using the ablation forceps by Med-Zenith (73.3%) was lower than that for AtriCure (86.4%) and the cumulative recurrence rate of AF in using the Med-Zenith ablation forceps was greater than that for AtriCure. Conclusions: The two bipolar radiofrequency ablation forceps compared in the study are safe and effective in treating patients of RHD concomitant with AF, and the ablation forceps by AtriCure may be more effective in restoring SR in the short term.
BACKGROUND: Sepsis-induced myopathy (SIM) a complication of sepsis that results in prolonged mechanical ventilation, long-term functional disability, and increased patient mortality. This study was performed to identify potential key oxidative stress-related genes (OS-genes) as biomarkers for the diagnosis of SIM using bioinformatics. METHODS: The GSE13205 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including 13 SIM samples and 8 healthy samples, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by limma package in R language. Simultaneously, we searched for the genes related to oxidative stress in the Gene Ontology (GO) database. The intersection of the genes selected from the GO database and the genes from the GSE13205 was considered as OS-genes of SIM, where the differential genes were regarded as OS-DEGs. OS-DEGs were analyzed using GO enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Hub genes in OS-DEGs were selected based on degree, and diagnostic genes were further screened by gene expression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Finally, a miRNA-gene network of diagnostic genes was constructed. RESULTS: A total of 1089 DEGs were screened from the GSE13205, and 453 OS-genes were identified from the GO database. The overlapping DEGs and OS-genes constituted 25 OS-DEGs, including 15 significantly upregulated and 10 significantly downregulated genes. The top 10 hub genes, including CD36, GPX3, NQO1, GSR, TP53, IDH1, BCL2, HMOX1, JAK2, and FOXO1, were screened. Furthermore, 5 diagnostic genes were identified: CD36, GPX3, NQO1, GSR, and TP53. The ROC analysis showed that the respective area under the curves (AUCs) of CD36, GPX3, NQO1, GSR, and TP53 were 0.990, 0.981, 0.971, 0.971, and 0.971, which meant these genes had very high diagnostic values of SIM. Finally, based on these 5 diagnostic genes, we found that miR-124-3p and miR-16-5p may be potential targets for the treatment of SIM. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that OS-genes might play an important role in SIM. CD36, GPX3, NQO1, GSR, and TP53 have potential as specific biomarkers for the diagnosis of SIM.
Muscular Diseases , Oxidative Stress , Sepsis , Humans , Oxidative Stress/genetics , Sepsis/genetics , Muscular Diseases/genetics , Computational Biology , Protein Interaction Maps/genetics , MicroRNAs/genetics , ROC Curve , Biomarkers/metabolism , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Regulatory Networks , Gene Ontology , Databases, Genetic
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to explore the change in physicians' hypertension treatment behavior before and after the reform of the capitation in county medical community. METHODS: Spanning from January 2014 to December 2019, monthly data of outpatient and inpatient were gathered before and after the implementation of the reform in April 2015. We employed interrupted time series analysis method to scrutinize the instantaneous level and slope changes in the indicators associated with physicians' behavior. RESULTS: Several indicators related to physicians' behavior demonstrated enhancement. After the reform, medical cost per visit for inpatient exhibited a reverse trajectory (-53.545, 95%CI: -78.620 to -28.470, p < 0.01). The rate of change in outpatient drug combination decelerated (0.320, 95%CI: 0.149 to 0.491, p < 0.01). The ratio of infusion declined for both outpatient and inpatient cases (-0.107, 95%CI: -0.209 to -0.004, p < 0.1; -0.843, 95%CI: -1.154 to -0.532, p < 0.01). However, the results revealed that overall medical cost per visit and drug proportion for outpatient care continued their initial upward trend. After the reform, the decline of drug proportion for outpatient care was less pronounced compared to the period prior to the reform, and length of stay also had a similar trend. CONCLUSION: To some extent, capitation under the county medical community encourages physicians to control the cost and adopt a more standardized diagnosis and treatment behavior. This study provides evidence to consider the impact of policy changes on physicians' behavior when designing payment methods and healthcare systems aimed at promoting PHC.
Hypertension , Interrupted Time Series Analysis , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Humans , China , Hypertension/drug therapy , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data , Capitation Fee , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Male , Female , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
Excessive bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) accumulation often occurs under diverse pathophysiological conditions associated with bone deterioration. Estrogen-related receptor α (ESRRA) is a key regulator responding to metabolic stress. Here, we show that adipocyte-specific ESRRA deficiency preserves osteogenesis and vascular formation in adipocyte-rich bone marrow upon estrogen deficiency or obesity. Mechanistically, adipocyte ESRRA interferes with E2/ESR1 signaling resulting in transcriptional repression of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1); yet positively modulates leptin expression by binding to its promoter. ESRRA abrogation results in enhanced SPP1 and decreased leptin secretion from both visceral adipocytes and BMAds, concertedly dictating bone marrow stromal stem cell fate commitment and restoring type H vessel formation, constituting a feed-forward loop for bone formation. Pharmacological inhibition of ESRRA protects obese mice against bone loss and high marrow adiposity. Thus, our findings highlight a therapeutic approach via targeting adipocyte ESRRA to preserve bone formation especially in detrimental adipocyte-rich bone milieu.
Adipocytes , Bone Marrow , Leptin , Osteogenesis , Receptors, Estrogen , Animals , Osteogenesis/genetics , Adipocytes/metabolism , Adipocytes/cytology , Mice , Leptin/metabolism , Leptin/genetics , Bone Marrow/metabolism , Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism , Receptors, Estrogen/genetics , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism , Obesity/metabolism , Obesity/pathology , Obesity/genetics , ERRalpha Estrogen-Related Receptor , Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism , Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics , Female , Male , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Signal Transduction , Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism , Mice, Knockout
Background: Strengthening the construction of community resilience and reducing disaster impacts are on the agenda of the Chinese government. The COVID-19 pandemic could alter the existing community resilience. This study aims to explore the dynamic change trends of community resilience in China and analyze the primary influencing factors of community resilience in the context of COVID-19, as well as construct Community Resilience Governance System Framework in China. Methods: A community advancing resilience toolkit (CART) was used to conduct surveys in Guangdong, Sichuan, and Heilongjiang provinces in China in 2015 and 2022, with community resilience data and information on disaster risk awareness and disaster risk reduction behaviors of residents collected. The qualitative (in-depth interview) data from staffs of government agencies and communities (n = 15) were pooled to explore Community Resilience Governance System Framework in China. Descriptive statistics analysis and t-tests were used to investigate the dynamic development of community resilience in China. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to explore the main influencing factors of residential community resilience with such socio-demographic characteristics as gender and age being controlled. Results: The results indicate that community resilience in China has improved significantly, presenting differences with statistical significance (p < 0.05). In 2015, connection and caring achieved the highest score, while disaster management achieved the highest score in 2022, with resources and transformative potential ranking the lowest in their scores in both years. Generally, residents presented a high awareness of disaster risks. However, only a small proportion of residents that were surveyed had participated in any "community-organized epidemic prevention and control voluntary services" (34.9%). Analysis shows that core influencing factors of community resilience include: High sensitivity towards major epidemic-related information, particular attention to various kinds of epidemic prevention and control warning messages, participation in epidemic prevention and control voluntary services, and formulation of epidemic response plans. In this study, we have constructed Community Resilience Governance System Framework in China, which included community resilience risk awareness, community resilience governance bodies, community resilience mechanisms and systems. Conclusion: During the pandemic, community resilience in China underwent significant changes. However, community capital was, is, and will be a weak link to community resilience. It is suggested that multi-stages assessments of dynamic change trends of community resilience should be further performed to analyze acting points and core influencing factors of community resilience establishment at different stages.
COVID-19 , Resilience, Psychological , Humans , China/epidemiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , Male , Female , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adult , Middle Aged , SARS-CoV-2 , Pandemics
Domino Knoevenagel-cyclization reactions of N-arylcinnamylamines were carried out with active methylene reagents, which took place with five competing cyclization mechanisms: intramolecular hetero Diels-Alder reaction, stepwise polar [2 + 2] cycloaddition, styryl or aza-Diels-Alder reactions followed by rearomatization, and [1,5]-hydride shift-6-endo cyclization. In the stepwise aza-Diels-Alder reaction, the N-vinylpyridinium moiety acted as an azadiene, producing a condensed heterocycle with tetrahydroquinolizinium and tetrahydroquiniline subunits. Antiproliferative activity with low micromolar IC50 values was identified for some of the novel scaffolds.
