T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma with extensive thrombi and cardiac thrombosis: A case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL), a neoplasm of immature T-cell precursors or lymphoblasts, is a clinically aggressive disease. In general, patients with T-LBL have a poor prognosis and often have high-risk clinical features, such as mediastinal masses, central nervous system infiltration, or other indications of high tumor burden; however, extensive thrombi are not common. CASE SUMMARY: A 27-year-old woman presented to the Department of General Surgery with cervical lymph node enlargement accompanied by cough, wheezing, and palpitation for 3 mo. A complete blood count showed a white blood cell count of 1.6 × 109/L, a hemoglobin concentration of 135 g/L, and a platelet count of 175 × 109/L. A biopsy sample of the lymph node mass indicated T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, and the bone marrow immunophenotype indicated early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL). Abdominal and chest enhanced computed tomography showed thrombi in the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, right hepatic vein, azygos vein, and right atrium. The ultrasonic cardiogram showed a thrombus in the right atrium of 5.23 cm × 4.21 cm. The patient was first treated with low-dose dexamethasone and low-molecular-weight heparin followed by 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Then, the ultrasonic cardiogram showed that thrombus in the right atrium had disappeared and the patient had achieved complete cytological remission. The maintenance therapy of the patient included chidamide 30 mg/wk, and she survived for 6 mo. CONCLUSION: The incidence of venous thromboembolism is high in lymphoma; however, extensive thrombi with heart thrombosis is rare. Chemotherapy is the major method of treatment for lymphoma with thrombosis. We successfully treated a patient with T-LBL complicated by extensive thrombi, including a large right atrial thrombus, with combined chemotherapy containing liposomal doxorubicin, and the patient achieved complete remission. Maintenance therapy with chidamide was also effective.

Active Sites in Single-Layer BiOX (X = Cl, Br, and I) Catalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Although few-layer bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX, X = Cl, Br, and I) have been shown to be appropriate for photocatalytic hydrogen production, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of BiOX is unrevealed. Herein, the origins of catalytic activity on single-layer BiOX are investigated by using the density functional theory. The grand potential calculations show that the Bi- and BiO-terminations of single-layer BiOX are stable in O-poor and O-rich environments, respectively. The Bi- and BiO-terminations of single-layer BiOX are found to have obviously active sites for HER, whereas the (001) basal planes are inert. The Gibbs free energies for the adsorption of hydrogen atoms on the Bi- and BiO-terminations are close to the optimal value of 0 eV, indicating that single-layer BiOX possess favorable HER performances. The enhanced HER activities on the Bi- and BiO-terminations are attributed to the localized edge states around the Fermi level, which are caused by the Bi 6p-orbital density of the fringe bismuth atoms and O 2p-orbital density of the fringe oxygen atoms, respectively. The results of this work suggest that single-layer BiOX are a family of promising catalysts for water splitting.

Robust carbon nanotube foam for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding and microwave absorption.

Lightweight and robust carbon nanotube (CNT)/chitosan (CS) foams were assembled by a facile unidirectional freeze-drying method in this work. The CNT/CS foam exhibited an excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) of 37.6 dB while the density was only 17.6 mg·cm-3, and thus the corresponding specific SE was up to 8556 dB·cm2·g-1. The superior EMI shielding performance was mainly attributed to the perfect conductive networks. Additionally, the absorption coefficient of CNT/CS foam was up to 81.73% under high EMI SE of 37.6 dB, which was remarkable among the reported EMI shielding materials with comparable EMI shielding level. More importantly, the addition of CS significantly increased the compressive strength and modulus of CNT/CS foam to 34.1 KPa and 177.1 KPa, which were 84% and 149% higher than those for the pure CNT foam, respectively. These results indicate that the CNT/CS foam is an ideal high-efficient EMI shielding material, which has high potential applications in the fields of aerospace, automotive, and electronic devices.

Ancient DNA reveals that the genetic structure of the northern Han Chinese was shaped prior to 3,000 years ago.

The Han Chinese are the largest ethnic group in the world, and their origins, development, and expansion are complex. Many genetic studies have shown that Han Chinese can be divided into two distinct groups: northern Han Chinese and southern Han Chinese. The genetic history of the southern Han Chinese has been well studied. However, the genetic history of the northern Han Chinese is still obscure. In order to gain insight into the genetic history of the northern Han Chinese, 89 human remains were sampled from the Hengbei site which is located in the Central Plain and dates back to a key transitional period during the rise of the Han Chinese (approximately 3,000 years ago). We used 64 authentic mtDNA data obtained in this study, 27 Y chromosome SNP data profiles from previously studied Hengbei samples, and genetic datasets of the current Chinese populations and two ancient northern Chinese populations to analyze the relationship between the ancient people of Hengbei and present-day northern Han Chinese. We used a wide range of population genetic analyses, including principal component analyses, shared mtDNA haplotype analyses, and geographic mapping of maternal genetic distances. The results show that the ancient people of Hengbei bore a strong genetic resemblance to present-day northern Han Chinese and were genetically distinct from other present-day Chinese populations and two ancient populations. These findings suggest that the genetic structure of northern Han Chinese was already shaped 3,000 years ago in the Central Plain area.

Ancient DNA from nomads in 2500-year-old archeological sites of Pengyang, China.

Six human remains (dating approximately 2500 years ago) were excavated from Pengyang, China, an area occupied by both ancient nomadic and farming people. The funerary objects found with these remains suggested they were nomads. To further confirm their ancestry, we analyzed both the maternal lineages and paternal lineages of the ancient DNA. From the mitochondrial DNA, six haplotypes were identified as three haplogroups: C, D4 and M10. The haplotype-sharing populations and phylogenetic analyses revealed that these individuals were closely associated with the ancient Xiongnu and modern northern Asians. Single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis of Y chromosomes from four male samples that were typed as haplogroup Q indicated that these people had originated in Siberia. These results show that these ancient people from Pengyang present a close genetic affinity to nomadic people, indicating that northern nomads had reached the Central Plain area of China nearly 2500 years ago.

Tracing the genetic history of the Chinese people: mitochondrial DNA analysis of aneolithic population from the Lajia site.

Ancient DNA analysis was conducted on the dental remains of specimens from the Lajia site, dating back 3,800-4,000 years. The Lajia site is located in Minhe county, Qinghai province, in northwestern China. Archaeological studies link Lajia to the late period of the Qijia culture, one of the most important Neolithic civilizations of the upper Yellow River region, the cradle of Chinese civilization. Excavations at the site revealed that the inhabitants died in their houses as the result of a sudden flood. The Lajia site provides a rare chance to study the putative families, all of whom died at the same instant. Possible maternal familial relationships were investigated through mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence analysis. Twelve sequences from individuals found in one house were assigned to only five haplotypes, consistent with a possible close kinship. Results from analyses of RFLP typing and HVI motifs suggest that the Lajia people belonged to the haplogroups B, C, D, M*, and M10. This study, combined with archaeological and anthropological investigations, provides a better understanding of the genetic history of the Chinese people.

[Determination of trace elements in ancient Cheshi human costa by ICP-AES].

In recent years, the study on palaeodiet is an important research in the international archaeological field. Trace elements in human bones can supply a lot of valuable information to reconstruct ancient diet. In this study, The trace elements in Bronze age Cheshi human costa from Chubeixi cemetery in shanshan, Xinjiang were determined by ICP-AES. The sample was dissolved by HNO3 and HCl. Under the optimum conditions, eight elements can be determined simultaneously. The recoveries of the method are in the range of 87.4%-106.6%, and RSDs are in the range of 0.5%-3.3%. The method is simple, rapid, precise and convenient to operate. The results would be helpful for research in archaeology. This analysis established Xinjiang' s consult system of trace elements analysis for ancient human bones. The effects of various concentrations of acid solution on analysis results, the interference of coexistent elements, standard addition recovery, and precision of the method were investigated.