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Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light (NfL) are putative non-amyloid biomarkers indicative of ongoing inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease processes. Hence, this study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between plasma biomarkers (GFAP and NfL) and 18F-AV-1451 tau PET images, and to explore their effects on cognitive function. Ninety-one participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database and 20 participants from the Shanghai Action of Prevention Dementia for the Elderly (SHAPE) cohort underwent plasma biomarker testing, 18F-AV-1451 tau PET scans and cognitive function assessments. Within the ADNI, there were 42 cognitively normal (CN) individuals and 49 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Similarly, in the SHAPE, we had 10 CN and 10 MCI participants. We calculated the standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) for the regions of interest (ROIs) in the 18F-AV-1451 PET scans. Using plasma biomarkers and regional SUVRs, we trained machine learning models to differentiate between MCI and CN subjects with ADNI database and validated in SHAPE. Results showed that eight selected variables (including left amygdala SUVR, right amygdala SUVR, left entorhinal cortex SUVR, age, education, plasma NfL, plasma GFAP, plasma GFAP/ NfL) identified by LASSO could differentiate between the MCI and CN individuals, with AUC ranging from 0.783 to 0.926. Additionally, cognitive function was negatively associated with the plasma biomarkers and tau deposition in amygdala and left entorhinal cortex. Increased tau deposition in amygdala and left entorhinal cortex were related to increased plasma biomarkers. Moreover, tau pathology mediated the effect of plasma biomarkers level on the cognitive decline. The present study provides valuable insights into the association among plasma markers (GFAP and NfL), regional tau deposition and cognitive function. This study reports the mediation effect of brain regions tau deposition on the plasma biomarkers level and cognitive function, indicating the significance of tau pathology in the MCI patients.
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bZIP transcription factors play important roles in regulating plant development and stress responses. Although bZIPs have been identified in many plant species, there is little information on the bZIPs in Chrysanthemum. In this study, bZIP TFs were identified from the leaf transcriptome of C. mongolicum, a plant naturally tolerant to drought. A total of 28 full-length bZIP family members were identified from the leaf transcriptome of C. mongolicum and were divided into five subfamilies based on their phylogenetic relationships with the bZIPs from Arabidopsis. Ten conserved motifs were detected among the bZIP proteins of C. mongolicum. Subcellular localization assays revealed that most of the CmbZIPs were predicted to be localized in the nucleus. A novel bZIP gene, designated as CmbZIP9, was cloned based on a sequence of the data of the C. mongolicum transcriptome and was overexpressed in tobacco. The results indicated that the overexpression of CmbZIP9 reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increased the peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as well as the expression levels of stress-related genes under drought stress, thus enhancing the drought tolerance of transgenic tobacco lines. These results provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the functions of the bZIP family genes and lay a foundation for stress resistance improvement in chrysanthemums in the future.
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Depressive symptoms occur commonly in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although abnormalities in the amygdala-frontal circuit have been linked to emotional dysregulation and cognitive impairment, the neurological basis underlying these associations in AD patients with depressive symptoms (ADD) is unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the amygdala-frontal circuit and depressive symptoms and cognitive function in ADD. We recruited 60 ADD, 60 AD patients without depressive symptoms (ADND), and 60 healthy controls (HC). Functional connectivity (FC) maps of the bilateral amygdala were compared. Fractional anisotropy (FA) of the amygdala-frontal circuit connected by the uncinate fasciculus (UF) was calculated using automated fiber quantification (AFQ). In addition, mediation analysis was performed to explore the effects of the amygdala-frontal circuit on the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive function. We found decreased bilateral amygdala FC with the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in the ADD group compared to the ADND and HC groups. Moreover, FA in the left frontal UF (nodes 64-97) was significantly lower in the ADD group than ADND group. Notably, amygdala-based FC with IFG and the left frontal UF FA mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive function in ADD, with mediating effects ranging between 15 and 18%. Our study is the first to demonstrate the mediating effect of functional and microstructural abnormalities in the amygdala-frontal circuit in ADD. The findings suggest that the amygdala-frontal circuit may underlie emotional dysregulation in ADD, providing potential targets for treatment strategies.
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Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Amígdala del Cerebelo , Cognición , Depresión , Humanos , Amígdala del Cerebelo/fisiopatología , Amígdala del Cerebelo/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/fisiopatología , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Depresión/fisiopatología , Depresión/diagnóstico por imagen , Persona de Mediana Edad , Imagen de Difusión Tensora , Disfunción Cognitiva/fisiopatología , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagen , Disfunción Cognitiva/etiología , Lóbulo Frontal/fisiopatología , Lóbulo Frontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Vías Nerviosas/fisiopatología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Corteza Prefrontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Corteza Prefrontal/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Titanium-based composites hold great promise in versatile functional application fields, including supercapacitors. However, conventional subtractive methods for preparing complex-shaped titanium-based composites generally suffer from several significant shortcomings, including low efficiency, strictly simple geometry, low specific surface area, and poor electrochemical performance of the products. Herein, three-dimensional composites of Ti/TiN nanotube arrays with hierarchically porous structures were prepared using the additive manufacturing method of selective laser melting combined with anodic oxidation and nitridation. The resultant Ti/TiN nanotube array composites exhibit good electrical conductivity, ultrahigh specific surface areas, and outstanding supercapacitor performances featuring the unique combination of a large specific capacitance of 134.4 mF/cm2 and a high power density of 4.1 mW/cm2, which was remarkably superior to that of their counterparts. This work is anticipated to provide new insights into the facile and efficient preparation of high-performance structural and functional devices with arbitrarily complex geometries and good overall performances.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a deep learning-based model that could automatically measure anterior segment (AS) parameters on preoperative ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) images of implantable Collamer lens (ICL) surgery candidates. METHODS: A total of 1164 panoramic UBM images were preoperatively obtained from 321 patients who received ICL surgery in the Eye Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan, China) to develop an imaging database. First, the UNet++ network was utilized to segment AS tissues automatically, such as corneal lens and iris. In addition, image processing techniques and geometric localization algorithms were developed to automatically identify the anatomical landmarks (ALs) of pupil diameter (PD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), angle-to-angle distance (ATA), and sulcus-to-sulcus distance (STS). Based on the results of the latter two processes, PD, ACD, ATA, and STS can be measured. Meanwhile, an external dataset of 294 images from Huangshi Aier Eye Hospital was employed to further assess the model's performance in other center. Lastly, a subset of 100 random images from the external test set was chosen to compare the performance of the model with senior experts. RESULTS: Whether in the internal test dataset or external test dataset, using manual labeling as the reference standard, the models achieved a mean Dice coefficient exceeding 0.880. Additionally, the intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) of ALs' coordinates were all greater than 0.947, and the percentage of Euclidean distance distribution of ALs within 250 µm was over 95.24%.While the ICCs for PD, ACD, ATA, and STS were greater than 0.957, furthermore, the average relative error (ARE) of PD, ACD, ATA, and STS were below 2.41%. In terms of human versus machine performance, the ICCs between the measurements performed by the model and those by senior experts were all greater than 0.931. CONCLUSION: A deep learning-based model could measure AS parameters using UBM images of ICL candidates, and exhibited a performance similar to that of a senior ophthalmologist.
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Segmento Anterior del Ojo , Aprendizaje Profundo , Microscopía Acústica , Humanos , Microscopía Acústica/métodos , Segmento Anterior del Ojo/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Lentes Intraoculares Fáquicas , Implantación de Lentes Intraoculares , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodosRESUMEN
Nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) is deemed a promising pathway for both ammonia synthesis and water purification. Developing a high-efficiency catalyst with excellent NH3 selectivity and catalytic stability is desirable but remains challenging. In this work, a dendritic copper oxide catalyst (Cu-B2) has been developed to efficiently catalyze NO3RR for ammonia production, the Cu-B2 exhibits excellent catalytic performance, achieving an NH3 Faradaic efficiency as high as 94 % and an NH3 yield of 16.9 mg h-1 cm-2 with a current density of 192.3 mA cm-2 at - 0.6 V (vs. RHE, reversible hydrogen electrode). During NO3RR testing, the Cu-B2 catalysts are reduced in situ to form highly active Cu0/Cu+ sites, while retaining its dendritic morphology. Compared with other catalysts, the Cu-O bond in Cu-B2 catalyst has weaker polarity, resulting in Cu0/Cu+ sites in lower oxidation states. In situ attenuated total reflection surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) studies reveal the Cu-B2 catalyst exhibits a potential-independent capability for *NO3- adsorption and high conversion efficiency of NO2- intermediate into ammonia, DFT calculations reveal that Cu-B2 exhibts higher NO3- adsorption energy and lower NO3- adsorption energy barrier than Cu-B1, thus endowing it with a remarkably improved catalytic activity and durability.
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Miopía , Humanos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Adulto , Femenino , Masculino , Miopía/cirugía , Cirugía Laser de Córnea/métodos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Photoreceptor proteins utilise chromophores to sense light and trigger a biological response. The discovery that adenosylcobalamin (or coenzyme B12) can act as a light-sensing chromophore heralded a new field of B12-photobiology. Although microbial genome analysis indicates that photoactive B12-binding domains form part of more complex protein architectures, regulating a range of molecular-cellular functions in response to light, experimental evidence is lacking. Here we identify and characterise a sub-family of multi-centre photoreceptors, termed photocobilins, that use B12 and biliverdin (BV) to sense light across the visible spectrum. Crystal structures reveal close juxtaposition of the B12 and BV chromophores, an arrangement that facilitates optical coupling. Light-triggered conversion of the B12 affects quaternary structure, in turn leading to light-activation of associated enzyme domains. The apparent widespread nature of photocobilins implies involvement in light regulation of a wider array of biochemical processes, and thus expands the scope for B12 photobiology. Their characterisation provides inspiration for the design of broad-spectrum optogenetic tools and next generation bio-photocatalysts.
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Pigmentos Biliares , Fotorreceptores Microbianos , Fotoquímica , Biliverdina , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Fotorreceptores Microbianos/química , LuzRESUMEN
Regions affected by heavy metal contamination frequently encounter phosphorus (P) deficiency. Numerous studies highlight crucial role of P in facilitating cadmium (Cd) accumulation in woody plants. However, the regulatory mechanism by which P affects Cd accumulation in roots remains ambiguous. This study aims to investigate the effects of phosphorus (P) deficiency on Cd accumulation, Cd subcellular distribution, and cell wall components in the roots of Salix caprea under Cd stress. The results revealed that under P deficiency conditions, there was a 35.4% elevation in Cd content in roots, coupled with a 60.1% reduction in Cd content in shoots, compared to the P sufficiency conditions. Under deficient P conditions, the predominant response of roots to Cd exposure was the increased sequestration of Cd in root cell walls. The sequestration of Cd in root cell walls increased from 37.1% under sufficient P conditions to 66.7% under P deficiency, with pectin identified as the primary Cd binding site under both P conditions. Among cell wall components, P deficiency led to a significant 31.7% increase in Cd content within pectin compared to P sufficiency conditions, but did not change the pectin content. Notably, P deficiency significantly increased pectin methylesterase (PME) activity by regulating the expression of PME and PMEI genes, leading to a 10.4% reduction in the degree of pectin methylesterification. This may elucidate the absence of significant changes in pectin content under P deficiency conditions and the concurrent increase in Cd accumulation in pectin. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated an increase in carboxyl groups in the root cell walls under P deficiency compared to sufficient P treatment. The results provide deep insights into the mechanisms of higher Cd accumulation in root mediated by P deficiency.
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Pectinas , Salix , Pectinas/química , Pectinas/metabolismo , Pectinas/farmacología , Cadmio/metabolismo , Salix/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/química , Pared Celular/metabolismo , Fósforo/análisisRESUMEN
Cellulose foams are considered an effective alternative to plastic foam, because of their advantages of low density, high porosity, low thermal conductivity, and renewable nature. However, they still suffer from complex processing, poor mechanical properties, and flammability. As an agricultural waste, bagasse is rich in cellulose, which has attracted much attention. Inspired by the fact that borate ions can effectively enhance the strength of plant tissue by their cross-linking with polysaccharides, the present work designs and fabricates a series of multifunctional bagasse foams with robust strength and improved thermal insulation and flame retardancy via a unique borax-induced self-assembly and atmospheric pressure drying route using bagasse as a raw material, borate as a cross-linking agent, and chitosan as an additive. As a result, the optimized foam exhibits a high porosity (93.5%), a high hydrophobic water contact angle (150.4°), a low thermal conductivity (63.4 mW/(m·K) at 25 °C), and an outstanding flame retardancy. The present study provides a novel and inspiring idea for large-scale production of cellulose foams through an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach.
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Lipid biosynthesis and transport are essential for plant male reproduction. Compared with Arabidopsis and rice, relatively fewer maize lipid metabolic genic male-sterility (GMS) genes have been identified, and the sporopollenin metabolon in maize anther remains unknown. Here, we identified two maize GMS genes, ZmTKPR1-1 and ZmTKPR1-2, by CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis of 14 lipid metabolic genes with anther stage-specific expression patterns. Among them, tkpr1-1/-2 double mutants displayed complete male sterility with delayed tapetum degradation and abortive pollen. ZmTKPR1-1 and ZmTKPR1-2 encode tetraketide α-pyrone reductases and have catalytic activities in reducing tetraketide α-pyrone produced by ZmPKSB (polyketide synthase B). Several conserved catalytic sites (S128/130, Y164/166 and K168/170 in ZmTKPR1-1/-2) are essential for their enzymatic activities. Both ZmTKPR1-1 and ZmTKPR1-2 are directly activated by ZmMYB84, and their encoded proteins are localized in both the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclei. Based on protein structure prediction, molecular docking, site-directed mutagenesis and biochemical assays, the sporopollenin biosynthetic metabolon ZmPKSB-ZmTKPR1-1/-2 was identified to control pollen exine formation in maize anther. Although ZmTKPR1-1/-2 and ZmPKSB formed a protein complex, their mutants showed different, even opposite, defective phenotypes of anther cuticle and pollen exine. Our findings discover new maize GMS genes that can contribute to male-sterility line-assisted maize breeding and also provide new insights into the metabolon-regulated sporopollenin biosynthesis in maize anther.
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Arabidopsis , Infertilidad , Zea mays/genética , Zea mays/metabolismo , Edición Génica , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Pironas/metabolismo , Fitomejoramiento , Arabidopsis/genética , Lípidos , Polen/genética , Polen/metabolismo , Infertilidad/genética , Infertilidad/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumor among men worldwide. Currently, the main treatments are radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy. However, most of them are poorly effective and induce side effects. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) regulates cell cycle and mitosis. Its inhibitor BI2536 promotes the therapeutic effect of nilotinib in chronic myeloid leukemia, enhances the sensitivity of neural tube cell tumors to radiation therapy and PLK1 silencing enhances the sensitivity of squamous cell carcinoma to cisplatin. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the PLK1 inhibitor L-shaped ortho-quinone analog TE6 on prostate cancer. In vitro on prostate cancer cells showed that TE6 inhibited PLK1 protein expression and consequently cell proliferation by blocking the cell cycle at G2 phase. In vivo on a subcutaneous tumor model in nude mice confirmed that TE6 effectively inhibited tumor growth in nude mice, inhibited PLK1 expression and regulated the expression of cell cycle proteins such as p21, p53, CDK1, Cdc25C, and cyclinB1. Thus, PLK1 was identified as the target protein of TE6, these results reveal the critical role of PLK1 in the growth and survival of prostate cancer and point out the ability of TE6 on targeting PLK1, being a potential drug for prostate cancer therapy.
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Fase G2 , Quinasa Tipo Polo 1 , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Quinonas , Quinasa Tipo Polo 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Quinonas/química , Quinonas/farmacología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/tratamiento farmacológico , Fase G2/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Xenoinjertos , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Masculino , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Estructura MolecularRESUMEN
The photoenzyme protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) is an important enzyme for understanding biological H-transfer mechanisms. It uses light to catalyse the reduction of protochlorophyllide to chlorophyllide, a key step in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Although a wealth of spectroscopic data have provided crucial mechanistic insight, a structural rationale for POR photocatalysis has proved challenging and remains hotly debated. Recent structural models of the ternary enzyme-substrate complex, derived from crystal and electron microscopy data, show differences in the orientation of the protochlorophyllide substrate and the architecture of the POR active site, with significant implications for the catalytic mechanism. Here, we use a combination of computational and experimental approaches to investigate the compatibility of each structural model with the hypothesised reaction mechanisms and propose an alternative structural model for the cyanobacterial POR ternary complex. We show that a strictly conserved tyrosine, previously proposed to act as the proton donor in POR photocatalysis, is unlikely to be involved in this step of the reaction but is crucial for Pchlide binding. Instead, an active site cysteine is important for both hydride and proton transfer reactions in POR and is proposed to act as the proton donor, either directly or through a water-mediated network. Moreover, a conserved glutamine is important for Pchlide binding and ensuring efficient photochemistry by tuning its electronic properties, likely by interacting with the central Mg atom of the substrate. This optimal 'binding pose' for the POR ternary enzyme-substrate complex illustrates how light energy can be harnessed to facilitate enzyme catalysis by this unique enzyme.
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Cianobacterias , Oxidorreductasas actuantes sobre Donantes de Grupo CH-CH , Protoclorofilida/química , Luz , Protones , Oxidorreductasas actuantes sobre Donantes de Grupo CH-CH/metabolismo , FotoquímicaRESUMEN
AIMS: Subsyndromal depression (SSD) is common in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the neural mechanisms underlying MCI with SSD (MCID) are unclear. The default mode network (DMN) is associated with cognitive processes and depressive symptoms. Therefore, we aimed to explore the topological organization of the DMN in patients with MCID. METHODS: Forty-two MCID patients, 34 MCI patients without SSD (MCIND), and 36 matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. The resting-state functional connectivity of the DMN of the participants was analyzed using a graph theoretical approach. Correlation analyses of network topological metrics, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function were conducted. Moreover, support vector machine (SVM) models were constructed based on topological metrics to distinguish MCID from MCIND. Finally, we used 10 repeats of 5-fold cross-validation for performance verification. RESULTS: We found that the global efficiency and nodal efficiency of the left anterior medial prefrontal cortex (aMPFC) of the MCID group were significantly lower than the MCIND group. Moreover, small-worldness and global efficiency were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms in MCID, and the nodal efficiency of the left lateral temporal cortex and left aMPFC was positively correlated with cognitive function in MCID. In cross-validation, the SVM model had an accuracy of 0.83 [95% CI 0.79-0.87], a sensitivity of 0.88 [95% CI 0.86-0.90], a specificity of 0.75 [95% CI 0.72-0.78] and an area under the curve of 0.88 [95% CI 0.85-0.91]. CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of MCI and SSD was associated with the greatest disrupted topological organization of the DMN. The network topological metrics could identify MCID and serve as biomarkers of different clinical phenotypic presentations of MCI.
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Encéfalo , Disfunción Cognitiva , Humanos , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Mapeo Encefálico , Red en Modo Predeterminado , Depresión/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen por Resonancia MagnéticaRESUMEN
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial-MoS2 (molybdenum disulfide) has gained interest among researchers, owing to its exceptional mechanical, biological, and physiochemical properties. This paper reports on the removal of organic dyes and an emerging contaminant, Ciprofloxacin, by a 2D MoS2 nanoflower as an adsorbent. The material was prepared by a green hydrothermal technique, and its high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller-specific area of 185.541m2/g contributed to the removal of 96% rhodamine-B dye and 85% Ciprofloxacin. Various characterizations, such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy linked with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, revealed the nanoflower structure with good crystallinity. The feasibility and efficacy of 2D MoS2 nanoflower as a promising adsorbent candidate for the removal of emerging pollutants was confirmed in-depth in batch investigations, such as the effects of adsorption time, MoS2 dosages, solution pH, and temperature. The adsorption mechanism was further investigated based on thermodynamic calculations, adsorption kinetics, and isotherm modeling. The results confirmed the exothermic nature of the enthalpy-driven adsorption as well as the fast kinetics and physisorption-controlled adsorption process. The recyclability potential of 2D MoS2 exceeds four regeneration recycles. MoS2 nanoflower has been shown to be an effective organic pollutant removal adsorbent in water treatment.
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Background: Whether keratoconus (KC) is an inflammatory disease is currently debated. Hence, we aimed to investigate the immune-related features of KC based on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq) data. Methods: scRNA-seq data were obtained from the Genome Sequence Archive (GSA), bulk RNA-seq data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and immune-associated genes(IAGs) were obtained from the ImmPort database. Cell clusters of KC were annotated, and different cell clusters were then selected. The IAG score of each cell was calculated using the AUCell package. Three bulk RNA-seq datasets were merged and used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), biological functions, and immune characteristics. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to select the IAG score-related hub genes. Based on scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq analyses, three machine learning algorithms, including random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, were used to identify potential prognostic markers for KC. A predictive nomogram was developed based on prognostic markers. Results: Six cell clusters were identified in KC, and decreased corneal stromal cell-5 (CSC-5) and increased CSC-6 were found in KC. CSC and immune cell clusters had the highest IAG scores. The bulk RNA-seq analysis identified 1362 DEGs (553 upregulated and 809 downregulated) in KC. We found different immune cell populations and differentially expressed cytokines in KC. More than three key IAG score-related modules and 367 genes were identified. By integrating the scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq analyses, 250 IAGs were selected and then incorporated into three machine learning models, and 10 IAGs (CEP112, FYN, IFITM1, IGFBP5, LPIN2, MAP1B, RNASE1, RUNX3, SMIM10, and SRGN) were identified as potential prognostic genes that were significantly associated with cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)1-14 expression. Finally, a predictive nomogram was constructed and validated. Conclusion: Taken together, our results identified CSCs and immune cell clusters that may play a key role during KC progression by regulating immunological features and maintaining cell stability.
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Queratocono , Humanos , Queratocono/diagnóstico , Queratocono/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN , RNA-Seq , Biomarcadores , Citocinas , ARNRESUMEN
Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is a risk factor for glaucoma. One treatment option is trabeculectomy. Antimetabolic agents are used in the operation to decrease the post-operative scarring of the wound. The two most common medicines are Mitomycin C (MMC) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). The aim of this research is to assess the effect of MMC on post-operation wound healing in comparison with 5-FU in addition to trabeculectomy. Well, we went through four common databases. Our language was limited to English during the study. The last time we looked at the e-databases was August 2023. Case control studies were performed where MMC resulted in better wound healing than 5-FU. Researchers selected a total of 1023 trials and eventually selected six trials for data analysis. Four hundred and ninety one cases of glaucoma were treated with trabeculectomy. Among them, 246 were given MMC and 245 were given 5-FU during operation. Six trials showed that there was no statistical difference between MMC and 5-FU in the incidence of post-operative wound leak in glaucoma patients who received trabeculectomy (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.63-2.30 p = 0.57); Five trials demonstrated that MMC was associated with a reduced risk of post-operative corneal damage compared to 5-FU injection (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.06-0.56 p = 0.003); In both trials, the incidence of post-operative bleeding was not significantly different from that of 5-FU injected in the MMC group (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.05-2.16 p = 0.25). Our results indicate that MMC is superior to 5-FU in the reduction of post-operative corneal injury. Additional comparisons between MMC and 5-FU are required in order to increase the reliability and effectiveness of these findings.
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Anthocyanins are among the flavonoids that serve as the principal pigments affecting the color of plants. During leaf growth, the leaf color of 'Zhonghuahongye' gradually changes from copper-brown to yellow-green. At present, the mechanism of color change at different stages has not yet been discovered. To find this, we compared the color phenotype, metabolome, and transcriptome of the three leaf stages. The results showed that the anthocyanin content of leaves decreased by 62.5% and the chlorophyll content increased by 204.35%, 69.23%, 155.56% and 60%, respectively. Differential metabolites and genes were enriched in the pathway related to the synthesis of 'Zhonghuahongye' flavonoids and anthocyanins and to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Furthermore, 273 flavonoid metabolites were detected, with a total of eight classes. DFR, FLS and ANS downstream of anthocyanin synthesis may be the key structural genes in reducing anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation in the green leaf of 'Zhonghuahongye'. The results of multi-omics analysis showed that the formation of color was primarily affected by anthocyanin regulation and its related synthesis-affected genes. This study preliminarily analyzed the green regression gene and metabolic changes in 'Zhonghuahongye' red leaves and constitutes a reference for the molecular breeding of 'Zhonghuahongye' red leaves.
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Graphite flakes are commonly used to fabricate carbon-based refractories owing to their superior properties, including better corrosion resistance and thermal shock resistance (TSR); unfortunately, their insufficient water-wettability has remarkably hindered their application in castables. Aiming to enhance their water-wettability, a facile and low-cost technique for fabricating carbides coated in graphite was proposed in this work. Firstly, SiC-TiC coated graphite (SiC-TiC@C) powders were prepared via modified molten salt shielding synthesis in an air atmosphere using graphite flake, Si and Ti powders as raw materials and NaCl-KCl as the molten salt shielding medium. Water-wettability and oxidation resistance of SiC-TiC@C powders were significantly improved. Compared to the Al2O3-MgO castables with graphite flakes, the water demand of the castables with SiC-TiC@C was noticeably decreased from 6.85% to 4.89%, thereby decreasing the apparent porosity of the castables with 5% SiC-TiC@C (from 20.3% to 13%), enhancing the cold strength, hot strength and oxidation resistance of the castables. Such enhancements are ascribed to continuous and crack-free SiC-TiC coatings on graphite surfaces ensuring that the castables have outstanding properties.
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CarH is a coenzyme B12-dependent photoreceptor involved in regulating carotenoid biosynthesis. How light-triggered cleavage of the B12 Co-C bond culminates in CarH tetramer dissociation to initiate transcription remains unclear. Here, a series of crystal structures of the CarH B12-binding domain after illumination suggest formation of unforeseen intermediate states prior to tetramer dissociation. Unexpectedly, in the absence of oxygen, Co-C bond cleavage is followed by reorientation of the corrin ring and a switch from a lower to upper histidine-Co ligation, corresponding to a pentacoordinate state. Under aerobic conditions, rapid flash-cooling of crystals prior to deterioration upon illumination confirm a similar B12-ligand switch occurs. Removal of the upper His-ligating residue prevents monomer formation upon illumination. Combined with detailed solution spectroscopy and computational studies, these data demonstrate the CarH photoresponse integrates B12 photo- and redox-chemistry to drive large-scale conformational changes through stepwise Co-ligation changes.