Exploring the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of SMAD4 in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the occurrence and development of CRC are influenced by the molecular biology characteristics of CRC, especially alterations in key signaling pathways. The transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) plays a crucial role in cellular growth, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis, with SMAD4 protein serving as a key transcription factor in the TGF-ß signaling pathway, thus playing a significant role in the onset and progression of CRC. CRC is one of the malignancies with a high mortality rate worldwide. Despite significant research progress in recent years, especially regarding the role of SMAD4, its dual role in the early and late stages of tumor progression has promoted further discussion on its complexity as a therapeutic target, highlighting the urgent need for a deeper analysis of its role in CRC. This review aims to explore the function of SMAD4 protein in CRC and its potential as a therapeutic target.

Elevating PLK1 overcomes BETi resistance in prostate cancer via triggering BRD4 phosphorylation-dependent degradation in mitosis.

Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in prostate cancer (PCa). Understanding the mechanisms of BRD4 stability could enhance the clinical response to BRD4-targeted therapy. In this study, we report that BRD4 protein levels are significantly decreased during mitosis in a PLK1-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we show that BRD4 is primarily phosphorylated at T1186 by the CDK1/cyclin B complex, recruiting PLK1 to phosphorylate BRD4 at S24/S1100, which are recognized by the APC/CCdh1 complex for proteasome pathway degradation. We find that PLK1 overexpression lowers SPOP mutation-stabilized BRD4, consequently rendering PCa cells re-sensitized to BRD4 inhibitors. Intriguingly, we report that sequential treatment of docetaxel and JQ1 resulted in significant inhibition of PCa. Collectively, the results support that PLK1-phosphorylated BRD4 triggers its degradation at M phase. Sequential treatment of docetaxel and JQ1 overcomes BRD4 accumulation-associated bromodomain and extra-terminal inhibitor (BETi) resistance, which may shed light on the development of strategies to treat PCa.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of Tuberculosis and COVID-19 Co-infection: Prevalence, fatality, and treatment considerations.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 co-infection poses a significant global health challenge with increased fatality rates and adverse outcomes. However, the existing evidence on the epidemiology and treatment of TB-COVID co-infection remains limited. METHODS: This updated systematic review aimed to investigate the prevalence, fatality rates, and treatment outcomes of TB-COVID co-infection. A comprehensive search across six electronic databases spanning November 1, 2019, to January 24, 2023, was conducted. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist assessed risk of bias of included studies, and meta-analysis estimated co-infection fatality rates and relative risk. RESULTS: From 5,095 studies screened, 17 were included. TB-COVID co-infection prevalence was reported in 38 countries or regions, spanning both high and low TB prevalence areas. Prevalence estimates were approximately 0.06% in West Cape Province, South Africa, and 0.02% in California, USA. Treatment approaches for TB-COVID co-infection displayed minimal evolution since 2021. Converging findings from diverse studies underscored increased hospitalization risks, extended recovery periods, and accelerated mortality compared to single COVID-19 cases. The pooled fatality rate among co-infected patients was 7.1% (95%CI: 4.0% ~ 10.8%), slightly lower than previous estimates. In-hospital co-infected patients faced a mean fatality rate of 11.4% (95%CI: 5.6% ~ 18.8%). The pooled relative risk of in-hospital fatality was 0.8 (95% CI, 0.18-3.68) for TB-COVID patients versus single COVID patients. CONCLUSION: TB-COVID co-infection is increasingly prevalent worldwide, with fatality rates gradually declining but remaining higher than COVID-19 alone. This underscores the urgency of continued research to understand and address the challenges posed by TB-COVID co-infection.

Utilizing metagenomic next-generation sequencing for pathogen detection and diagnosis in lower respiratory tract infections in real-world clinical practice.

BACKGROUND: Infectious etiologies of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) by the conventional microbiology tests (CMTs) can be challenging. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has great potential in clinical use for its comprehensiveness in identifying pathogens, particularly those difficult-to-culture organisms. METHODS: We analyzed a total of 205 clinical samples from 201 patients with suspected LRTIs using mNGS in parallel with CMTs. mNGS results were used to guide treatment adjustments for patients who had negative CMT results. The efficacy of treatment was subsequently evaluated in these patients. RESULTS: mNGS-detected microorganisms in 91.7% (188/205) of the clinical samples, whereas CMTs demonstrated a lower detection rate, identifying microorganisms in only 37.6% (77/205) of samples. Compared to CMT results, mNGS exhibited a detection sensitivity of 93.5% and 95.4% in all 205 clinical samples and 180 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples, respectively. A total of 114 patients (114/201; 56.7%) showed negative CMT results, among which 92 received treatment adjustments guided by their positive mNGS results. Notably, 67.4% (62/92) of patients demonstrated effective treatment, while 25% (23/92) experienced a stabilized condition. Subgroup analysis of cancer patients revealed that 41.9% (13/31) exhibited an effective response to treatment, and 35.5% (11/31) maintained a stable condition following medication adjustments guided by mNGS. CONCLUSION: mNGS demonstrated great potential in identifying microorganisms of clinical significance in LRTIs. The rapid turnaround time and reduced susceptibility to the impact of antimicrobial administration make mNGS a valuable supplementary tool for diagnosis and treatment decision-making for suspected LRTIs in clinical practice.

A novel method for assessing cardiac function in patients with coronary heart disease based on wrist pulse analysis.

BACKGROUND: The timely assessment of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) marking chronic heart failure risk in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) helps to reduce patients' mortality. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential of wrist pulse signals for use in the cardiac monitoring of patients with CHD. METHODS: A total of 419 patients with CHD were assigned to Group 1 (BNP < 95 pg/mL, n = 249), 2 (95 < BNP < 221 pg/mL, n = 85), and 3 (BNP > 221 pg/mL, n = 85) according to BNP levels. Wrist pulse signals were measured noninvasively. Both the time-domain method and multiscale entropy (MSE) method were used to extract pulse features. Decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF) algorithms were employed to construct models for classifying three groups, and the models' performance metrics were compared. RESULTS: The pulse features of the three groups differed significantly, suggesting different pathological states of the cardiovascular system in patients with CHD. Moreover, the RF models outperformed the DT models in performance metrics. Furthermore, the optimal RF model was that based on a dataset comprising both time-domain and MSE features, achieving accuracy, average precision, average recall, and average F1-score of 90.900%, 91.048%, 90.900%, and 90.897%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The wrist pulse detection technology employed in this study is useful for assessing the cardiac function of patients with CHD.

Roles of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in colorectal cancer: expression, functions, prognosis, tumorigenesis, polymorphisms and therapeutic implications.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health problem and one of the major causes of cancer-related death worldwide. It is very important to understand the pathogenesis of CRC for early diagnosis, prevention strategies and identification of new therapeutic targets. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54) displays an important role in the the pathogenesis of CRC. It is a cell surface glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and plays an essential role in cell-cell, cell-extracellular matrix interaction, cell signaling and immune process. It is also expressed by tumor cells and modulates their functions, including apoptosis, cell motility, invasion and angiogenesis. The interaction between ICAM-1 and its ligand may facilitate adhesion of tumor cells to the vascular endothelium and subsequently in the promotion of metastasis. ICAM-1 expression determines malignant potential of cancer. In this review, we will discuss the expression, function, prognosis, tumorigenesis, polymorphisms and therapeutic implications of ICAM-1 in CRC.

Overexpression of Tfap2a in Mouse Oocytes Impaired Spindle and Chromosome Organization.

Transcription factor AP-2-alpha (Tfap2a) is an important sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that can regulate the transcription of multiple genes by collaborating with inducible viral and cellular enhancer elements. In this experiment, the expression, localization, and functions of Tfap2a were investigated in mouse oocytes during maturation. Overexpression via microinjection of Myc-Tfap2a mRNA into the ooplasm, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting were used to study the role of Tfap2a in mouse oocyte meiosis. According to our results, Tfap2a plays a vital role in mouse oocyte maturation. Levels of Tfap2a in GV oocytes of mice suffering from type 2 diabetes increased considerably. Tfap2a was distributed in both the ooplasm and nucleoplasm, and its level gradually increased as meiosis resumption progressed. The overexpression of Tfap2a loosened the chromatin, accelerated germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), and blocked the first polar body extrusion 14 h after maturation in vitro. The width of the metaphase plate at metaphase I stage increased, and the spindle and chromosome organization at metaphase II stage were disrupted in the oocytes by overexpressed Tfap2a. Furthermore, Tfap2a overexpression dramatically boosted the expression of p300 in mouse GV oocytes. Additionally, the levels of pan histone lysine acetylation (Pan Kac), histone H4 lysine 12 acetylation (H4K12ac), and H4 lysine 16 acetylation (H4K16ac), as well as pan histone lysine lactylation (Pan Kla), histone H3 lysine18 lactylation (H3K18la), and H4 lysine12 lactylation (H4K12la), were all increased in GV oocytes after Tfap2a overexpression. Collectively, Tfap2a overexpression upregulated p300, increased the levels of histone acetylation and lactylation, impeded spindle assembly and chromosome alignment, and ultimately hindered mouse oocyte meiosis.

Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance Is Associated With Late Miscarriage in Non-Dyslipidemic Women Undergoing Fresh IVF/ICSI Embryo Transfer.

Objective: To evaluate the associations between homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and pregnancy outcomes in non-dyslipidemic infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET). Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study involving 3,615 non-dyslipidemic infertile women who attend to the Reproductive Medicine Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (CSU) between January 2014 and October 2021. Eligible participants were divided into three groups according to the quartiles of HOMA-IR: Group 1 (HOMA-IR <1.46), Group 2 (1.46 to <2.71) and Group 3 (HOMA-IR ≥2.71). Baseline data, clinical characteristics during the assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedure, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes were compared among the three groups. Subgroup analysis based on presence or absence of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) status was also performed to analyze the effects of HOMA-IR among non-PCOS populations. Results: The late miscarriage rate and percentage of macrosomia increased with the HOMA-IR group (for late miscarriage rate: 2.23% vs. 3.04% vs. 7.35%, P<0.001; for macrosomia: 0.21% vs. 1.70% vs. 3.23%, P=0.002). Increased HOMA-IR (HOMA-IR≥2.71) was positively associated with late miscarriage (crude OR 3.50, 95% CI 1.64-7.47, P=0.001; adjusted OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.56-8.15, P=0.003). In the subgroup analysis, there were 3,165 participants in the non-PCOS group and 450 were assigned to the PCOS group. Late miscarriage rate increased with the HOMA-IR group among non-PCOS populations (2.20% vs. 3.03% vs. 7.67%, P<0.001). Late miscarriage rate of PCOS women were comparable among the three HOMA-IR groups (2.50% vs. 3.06% vs. 5.71%, P=0.634). Among non-PCOS women, increased HOMA-IR (HOMA-IR≥2.71) was positively associated with late miscarriage (crude OR 3.71, 95% CI 1.66-8.30, P=0.001; adjusted OR 3.82, 95% CI 1.59-9.17, P=0.003). Conclusions: Late miscarriage rate and prevalence of macrosomia increased with the HOMA-IR index. Preconception HOMA-IR is an independent risk factor for late miscarriage in normolipidemic women undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET. Controlling insulin resistance before ART might prevent the occurrence of late miscarriage and macrosomia.

Associations of childhood neglect, difficulties in emotion regulation, and psychological distresses to COVID-19 pandemic: An intergenerational analysis.

BACKGROUND: Although individuals' psychological responses to trauma are varied, significant associations between parental and offspring's reactions have been documented among trauma-exposed families. Common susceptible factors originated from intergenerational transmission may be underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the intergenerational transmission of depression and anxiety during early outbreak of COVID-19 and further examined whether the transmission of child neglect and difficulties in emotion regulation (ER) was associated with the transmission of psychological distresses. METHODS: Self-reported questionnaires of depression, anxiety, COVID-19 related worries, difficulties in ER, physical and emotional neglect suffered in childhood were completed by 2011 Chinese parent - offspring dyads. Path analysis was used to examine hypothesized relationships. RESULTS: The proportions of physical neglect and emotional neglect were 31.2% and 16.9% respectively among parents, while 28.6% and 20.8% respectively among offspring. There were remarkably similar in response patterns between parents and offspring. Parents' COVID-19 related worries, depression and anxiety levels were significantly associated with offspring's COVID-19 related worries, depression and anxiety. Difficulties in ER not only impacted psychological distresses directly, but also mediated the relationships between childhood neglect and psychological distresses among both parents and offspring. Difficulties in ER and childhood neglect, as important risk factors, were modestly transmitted from parent to offspring. CONCLUSIONS: Family members shared a certain degree of similarity in psychological reactions to trauma. Transmitted susceptible factors from parents to offspring may contribute to this similarity. Family therapy may be suitable for family members exposed to the same traumatic events.

Gut Microbiota Mediates the Protective Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Qiong-Yu-Gao against Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury.

Our previous study found that Qiong-Yu-Gao (QYG), a traditional Chinese medicine formula derived from Rehmanniae Radix, Poria, and Ginseng Radix, has protective effects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, the potential role of gut microbiota in the nephroprotective effects of QYG was investigated. We found that QYG treatment significantly attenuated cisplatin-induced AKI and gut dysbiosis, altered the levels of bacterial metabolites, with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetic acid and butyric acid increasing and uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate reducing, and suppressed histone deacetylase expression and activity. Spearman's correlation analysis found that QYG-enriched fecal bacterial genera Akkermansia, Faecalibaculum, Bifidobacterium, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group were correlated with the altered metabolites, and these metabolites were also correlated with the biomarkers of AKI, as well as the indicators of fibrosis and inflammation. The essential role of gut microbiota was further verified by both the diminished protective effects with antibiotics-induced gut microbiota depletion and the transferable renal protection with fecal microbiota transplantation. All these results suggested that gut microbiota mediates the nephroprotective effects of QYG against cisplatin-induced AKI, potentially via increasing the production of SCFAs, thus suppressing histone deacetylase expression and activity, and reducing the accumulation of uremic toxins, thereby alleviating fibrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis in renal tissue. IMPORTANCE Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury is the main limiting factor restricting cisplatin's clinical application. Accumulating evidence indicated the important role of gut microbiota in pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. In the present study, we have demonstrated that gut microbiota mediates the protective effects of traditional Chinese medicine formula Qiong-Yu-Gao against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. The outputs of this study would provide scientific basis for future clinical applications of QYG as prebiotics to treat cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury, and gut microbiota may be a promising therapeutic target for chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity.

The Association Between Low T3 Syndrome and Survival in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A Retrospective Study.

Objective: The correlation between low triiodothyronine (T3) syndrome and shorter survival in malignant tumor patients has been increasingly reported. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between low T3 syndrome and survival in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Methods: A total of 201 newly diagnosed MM patients were included in this retrospective study. All participants were divided into 2 groups based on serum free T3 (FT3) level: low T3 syndrome group (FT3 < 2.3 pg/mL) and non-low T3 syndrome group (FT3 ≥ 2.3 pg/mL). Baseline clinical characteristics, overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were analyzed. Results: 80 (39.8%) patients had low T3 syndrome. Patients with low T3 syndrome had significantly lower blood hemoglobin and albumin, higher creatinine and ß2-microglobulin (ß2-MG), higher neutrophil/lymphocyte and (neutrophil + monocyte)/lymphocyte ratio, and more advanced ISS and R-ISS stages (all P < .05). Serum FT3 level was positively associated with blood hemoglobin and albumin, and negatively correlated with ß2-MG, creatinine, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and (neutrophil + monocyte)/lymphocyte ratio (all P < .05). Patients with low T3 syndrome had significantly inferior OS time and PFS time (both P < .001). In multivariate Cox analysis, low T3 syndrome was found to be an independent factor associated with OS (P < .001) and PFS (P = .002). Receiver operator characteristic curve analyses showed that FT3 was a predictive marker for death during the entire follow-up period (the area under the curve [AUC] = 0.720, P < .001) and during 1 year (AUC = 0.747, P < .001). Conclusion: Low T3 syndrome might be useful for predicting survival in patients with newly diagnosed MM.

The associations of parental COVID-19 related worries, lifestyles, and insomnia with child insomnia during the COVID-19 outbreak.

The impacts of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on sleep health have been studied extensively. However, little is known about sleep problems within the family system during the pandemic. This study aimed to examine the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on insomnia in both adults and children, and to explore whether parental COVID-19 related worries, lifestyles, and insomnia were associated with child insomnia. A total of 1355 parent-child dyads (39.2% fathers, mean age 38.37 years, SD = 5.34; 52.7% boys, mean age 12.47 years, SD = 1.67) were recruited from Jiangxi province in China from 4 to 18 February 2020. Data on insomnia, COVID-19 related worries, physical activity, and screen time were collected using online questionnaires. Path analysis showed that COVID-19 related worries and screen time were positively associated with insomnia in both parents and children; while children's physical activity was negatively related to children's insomnia. Parents' insomnia, COVID-19 related worries, physical activity, and screen time were positively associated with children's insomnia, COVID-19 related worries, physical activity, and screen time, respectively. Bootstrap tests showed that parents' worries were positively associated with children's insomnia via parents' insomnia and children's worries; parents' physical activity was negatively associated with children's insomnia via children's physical activity, parents' screen time was positively associated with children's insomnia via parents' insomnia and children's screen time. Both parental and child sleep are affected by the pandemic. Parental insomnia, stress reaction, and lifestyles contribute to child insomnia. Child sleep health may be maintained or improved by family bonds, home exercise, and sleep schedules.

Fertilization and neonatal outcomes after early rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a retrospective analysis of 16,769 patients.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of short-term insemination and early-rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), an approach that rescued oocytes with unclear second polar body 6 h after initial insemination by ICSI (early R-ICSI) to avoid total or near-total fertilization failure in conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS: We performed a retrospective study in 16,769 patients (short-term IVF, n = 12,094; ICSI, n = 3452; early R-ICSI, n = 1223) who received IVF/ICSI treatment in our hospital from January 2009 to October 2018. Fertilization and clinical outcomes were compared among those three groups. RESULTS: When considering the R-ICSI embryos in the early R-ICSI group independently, the rates of fertilization and day-3 cleaved embryos in 2PN oocytes were comparable, the rates of fertilization (2PN) and high-quality embryos were lower, whereas the multi-PN fertilization rate (3.27%) was significantly higher than the ICSI group (1.26%). The difference of clinical pregnancy rate between the part of transferred R-ICSI embryos (40.81%) and the ICSI group (44.73%) remained nonsignificant. Furthermore, the rate of congenital birth defects in the early R-ICSI group (0.99%) was not significantly different from those in the short-term IVF (0.76%) and ICSI groups (1.07%). CONCLUSION: Despite the multi-PN fertilization rate, our study highlights early R-ICSI as a safe and effective alternative in assisted reproduction to decrease complete IVF fertilization failure and reduce ICSI utilization. Additional large amount and long-term follow-up studies are needed to further validate the use of early R-ICSI.

The transmission of psychological distress and lifestyles from parents to children during COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak had rapidly become a global health threat, and its impact on the mental health was transmitted among different populations, especially from parents to children. The study aimed to investigate Chinese parents' influence on their children, in terms of mental health and lifestyles (screen time and physical exercise), during the COVID-19. METHODS: Self-reported online questionnaires of depression, anxiety, COVID-19 related worries, physical exercise, and screen time were completed by 3471 Chinese children and one of their parents (1514 fathers and 1957 mothers), during the COVID-19 epidemic in February 2020. Path analysis was used to examine the extent of transmission of psychological distress and whether lifestyles tied to transmission. RESULTS: During the quarantine, Chinese parents' depression and anxiety both positively predicted their children's depression and anxiety; parents' COVID-19 related worries, physical exercise and screen time separately had positive effects on children's COVID-19 related worries, physical exercise and screen time; parents' depression and anxiety were positively influenced by their COVID-19 related worries, self-quarantine and quarantine of family members, relatives or friends; children's depression and anxiety positively predicted their non-suicidal self-injury and suicide ideation. Bootstrap analyses showed that parents' COVID-19 related worries and lifestyles increased children's depression and anxiety via children's COVID-19 related worries and lifestyles, as well as parents' depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: When families face to public events, parents' psychological distress and lifestyles are related to children's psychological stress and lifestyles. Interventions of parents' psychological distress and lifestyles would improve family resilience.

Endometrial fluid aspiration immediately prior to embryo transfer does not affect IVF/vitrified-warmed embryo transfer outcomes - a prospective matched cohort study.

RESEARCH QUESTION: Does the endometrial aspiration of ultrasound-invisible fluid immediately preceding embryo transfer affect IVF/vitrified-warmed embryo transfer outcomes? DESIGN: A prospective matched cohort study was conducted in 96 women and 96 control participants to assess the effect on pregnancy outcomes of endometrial aspiration performed immediately before embryo transfer. This study was carried out at a university-affiliated assisted reproductive medical centre between January 2019 and December 2019. Patients were divided into two groups. The EA group had cycles with endometrial aspiration of ultrasound-invisible fluid performed before embryo transfer and the non-EA group featured cycles without endometrial aspiration. The EA group was matched by propensity score with the non-EA group in a 1:1 ratio. The EA group consisted of 99 participants before and 96 participants after propensity score matching. There were 203 and 96 participants in the non-EA group before and after propensity score matching. RESULTS: No significant differences were detected in the baseline characteristics and cycle characteristics of the EA and non-EA groups. No significant between-group differences were found in reproductive outcomes in the overall population. Subgroup analysis of blastocyst transfer cycles showed the implantation rate was significantly higher in the EA group (61 women per group, 57.1% versus 40.8%, relative risk 1.40, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.88; P = 0.022). Live birth rate, clinical pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy rate and multiple pregnancy rate were not different among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Endometrial aspiration immediately preceding embryo transfer does not affect IVF/vitrified-warmed embryo transfer outcomes. Interestingly, it might improve the vitrified-warmed blastocyst implantation rate. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm this result.

The relationships between screen time and mental health problems among Chinese adults.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the specific relationships between screen time and various mental health problems among community-dwelling adults in China. METHODS: Self-reports of weekday and weekend screen time (TV, computer use and cell phone/tablet use), symptoms of PTSD, depression, and ADHD, and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) were completed by 7121 Chinese adults. Logistic regression was used to examine specific relationships between screen time and mental health problems with demographics, physical activity, drinking, smoking, and sleep duration as covariates. RESULTS: On weekdays, the participants spending at least 3 h on watching TV, computer use and cell phone/tablet use respectively accounted for 6.8%, 15.9% and 45.9%. On weekends, the proportions were 15.5%, 12.1% and 50.0%. Computer use on weekends was associated with higher risk of PTSD (OR = 1.81); cell phone/tablet use on weekdays and weekends was related to increased depression (OR = 1.38, OR = 1.28, respectively), while only computer use on weekends was related to depression (OR = 1.33); cell phone/tablet use both on weekdays and weekends was also connected to ADHD (OR = 1.56, OR = 1.48, respectively); on weekdays and weekends, more time TV viewing (OR = 1.76-1.79, OR = 1.46-1.71, respectively) and less cell phone/tablet use (OR = 0.66, OR = 0.65, respectively) were associated with higher numbers of PLEs. CONCLUSIONS: The relationships between different types of screen time and mental health problems are variant. Future longitudinal studies should subdivide screen time on the basis of content and explore the specific causal relationship between screen time and mental health problems.

Associations between dyslipidaemia and pregnancy outcomes in the first complete cycle of IVF/ICSI: a real-world analysis.

RESEARCH QUESTION: Are there associations between dyslipidaemia and pregnancy outcomes in the first complete cycle of IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)? DESIGN: This long-term, retrospective real-world analysis involved 5030 infertile women who underwent a first complete IVF/ICSI cycle between January 2015 and October 2020. They were categorized into dyslipidaemia (n = 1903) and control (n = 3127) groups according to serum lipid concentrations before ovarian stimulation. Propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression were used to control for confounding variables. RESULTS: In the raw cohort, women with dyslipidaemia had a significantly increased late miscarriage rate (P = 0.039), decreased term birth rate (P = 0.002) and decreased live birth rate (P = 0.005) compared with non-dyslipidaemic women. In the propensity score-matched cohort, the term birth rate (P = 0.038) and live birth rate (P = 0.044) were significantly lower in the dyslipidaemia group (n = 1686) than the controls (n = 1686). Multivariable logistic regression indicated that infertile women with dyslipidaemia (P = 0.026) and elevated serum total cholesterol concentrations (total cholesterol ≥5.20 mmol/l; P = 0.028) were significantly less likely to have a live birth. Rates of late miscarriage (P = 0.027), term birth (P = 0.003) and live birth (P = 0.010) differed significantly among women with normal, borderline increased and increased serum lipid concentrations. Compared with controls, women with increased serum lipid concentrations had a significantly higher late miscarriage rate, lower term birth rate and lower live birth rate. Women with increased serum lipid concentrations were significantly less likely than controls to have a live birth. CONCLUSIONS: Dyslipidaemia, total cholesterol ≥5.20 mmol/l and degrees of elevated serum lipid concentrations are negatively associated with live birth rate in the first complete IVF/ICSI cycle in infertile women.

A correlational study of Weifuchun and its clinical effect on intestinal flora in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Weifuchun (WFC), a Chinese herbal prescription consisting of Red Ginseng, Isodon amethystoides and Fructus Aurantii, is commonly used in China to treat a variety of chronic stomach disorders. The aim of the paper was to determine the effect of WFC on intestinal microbiota changes in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) patients. METHODS: PLGC patients of H. pylori negative were randomly divided into two groups and received either WFC tablets for a dose of 1.44 g three times a day or vitacoenzyme (Vit) tablets for a dose of 0.8 g three times a day. All patients were treated for 6 months consecutively. Gastroscopy and histopathology were used to assess the histopathological changes in gastric tissues before and after treatment. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was carried out to assess the effects WFC on intestinal microbiota changes in PLGC patients. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of different intestinal microbiota in distinguishing between PLGC patients and healthy control group. RESULTS: Gastroscopy and histopathological results indicated that WFC could improve the pathological condition of PLGC patients, especially in the case of atrophy or intestinal metaplasia. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that WFC could regulate microbial diversity, microbial composition, and abundance of the intestinal microbiota of PLGC patients. Following WFC treatment, the relative abundance of Parabacteroides decreased in WFC group when compared with the Vit group. ROC analysis found that the Parabacteroides could effectively distinguish PLGC patients from healthy individuals with sensitivity of 0.79 and specificity of 0.8. CONCLUSIONS: WFC could slow down the progression of PLGC by regulating intestinal microbiota abundance. Trial registration NCT03814629. Name of registry: Randomized Clinical Trial: Weifuchun Treatment on Precancerous Lesions of Gastric Cancer. Registered 3 August 2018-Retrospectively registered, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/ NCT03814629.

Ru doping induces the construction of a unique core-shell microflower self-supporting electrocatalyst for highly efficient overall water splitting.

Since the large reaction energy barrier caused by multi-step electron transfer processes of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) gravely restricts the practical application of electrocatalytic water splitting, it is urgent to develop a dual-functional electrocatalyst which can effectively reduce the reaction energy barrier and actually speed up the reaction. Herein, the Ru species are doped into the complex of magnetite and FeNi-layered double hydroxide by a one-step oil bath method, and a self-supporting binder-free bifunctional electrocatalyst was synthesized on the surface of iron foam (named Ru-Fe3O4@FeNi-LDH/IF). The unique 3D core-shell microflower structure of Ru-Fe3O4@FeNi-LDH/IF, the combination of active ingredient and conductive substrate, together with the doping of Ru may immensely provide a large number of active sites, adjust the electronic structure, accelerate electron transfer, and thus greatly improve the electrocatalytic activity and durability. It is worth mentioning that when Ru-Fe3O4@FeNi-LDH/IF is used as the anode and cathode for overall water splitting, only 1.52 V battery voltage can generate a current density of 10 mA cm-2, and also maintain a prominent stability for at least 36 hours. This work provides a feasible strategy for heteroatom-doping LDH as a bifunctional electrocatalyst.

An ingeniously assembled metal-organic framework on the surface of FeMn co-doped Ni(OH)2 as a high-efficiency electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction.

To overcome the problem of the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), it is of great significance to develop an efficient and stable non-noble metal-based OER catalyst for electrocatalytic energy conversion and storage. Herein, a complex of a metal-organic framework and hydroxide is synthesized by performing a ligand etching strategy on FeMn co-doped Ni(OH)2 nanosheets in situ grown on nickel foam (FeMn-Ni(OH)2@MOF/NF). Benefiting from the unique sheet-on-sheet hierarchical structure, multi-metal active nodes and two active materials grown in situ, the resulting FeMn-Ni(OH)2@MOF/NF demonstrated brilliant OER activity with an overpotential of 199 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and long-term stability. This research will provide a new strategy for the design of high-performance OER electrocatalysts.