Moraxella haemolytica sp. nov., isolated from a goat with respiratory disease.

An aerobic, haemolytic, Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterial strain ZY171148T was isolated from the lung of a dead goat with respiratory disease in Southwest China. The strain grew at 24-39 °C, at pH 6.0-9.0 and in the presence of 0.5-2.0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belongs to the genus Moraxella. The nucleotide sequence similarity analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain has the highest similarity of 98.1% to Moraxella (M.) caprae ATCC 700019 T. Phylogenomic analysis of 800 single-copy protein sequences indicated that the strain is a member of the genus Moraxella and forms a separated branch on the Moraxella phylogenetic tree. The strain exhibited the highest orthologous average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI) and average amino acid identity (AAI) values of 77.0 and 77.9% to M. nasibovis CCUG 75921T and M. ovis CCUG 354T, respectively. The strain shared the highest digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value of 26.2% to M. osloensis CCUG 350T. The genome G + C content of strain ZY171148T was 42.6 mol%. The strain had C18:1 ω9c (41.7%), C18:0 (11.2%), C16:0 (14.1%) and C12:0 3OH (9.7%) as the predominant fatty acids and CoQ-8 as the major respiratory quinone. The strain contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cardiolipin, dilysocardiolipin, monolysocardiolipin and phosphatidic acid as the major polar lipids. ß-haemolysis was observed on Columbia blood agar. All results confirmed that strain ZY171148T represents a novel species of the genus Moraxella, for which the name Moraxella haemolytica sp. nov. is proposed, with strain ZY171148T = CCTCC AB 2021471T = CCUG 75920T as the type strain.

Efficacy of First-Line Immunotherapy Combined With Chemotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Different Brain Metastases Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of first-line immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients with differing brain metastasis statuses. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search in public databases, such as PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, to identify randomized controlled trials involving ES-SCLC patients, with or without brain metastases, who underwent first-line immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy. The primary outcome measure was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary outcome measure was overall survival (OS). Results: Our analysis incorporated seven high-quality randomized controlled trials, encompassing 398 patients with brain metastases and 3,533 without. Among patients without brain metastases, the combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy led to significantly improved PFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62 - 0.84, P < 0.001) and OS (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67 - 0.88, P < 0.001) in comparison to chemotherapy alone. Conversely, for patients with brain metastases, the addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy did not result in a significant improvement in PFS (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.66 - 1.61, P = 0.887) or OS (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.82 - 1.31, P = 0.776) when compared to chemotherapy alone. Conclusions: In ES-SCLC patients without brain metastases, first-line immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy demonstrated improved PFS and OS in contrast to chemotherapy alone. However, patients with brain metastases did not experience similar benefits.

Association of Breastfeeding Duration with Body Composition in Children Aged 3-5 Years.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the relationship between the body composition of children aged 3-5 years and breastfeeding status and duration. Methods: The study was conducted using data from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China (CNHSC), a nationwide cross-sectional study. Breastfeeding information and potential confounders were collected using standardized questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews. The body composition of preschool children was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. A multivariate linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between breastfeeding duration and body composition after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: In total, 2,008 participants were included in the study. Of these, 89.2% were ever breastfed and the median duration of breastfeeding was 12 months (IQR 7-15 months). Among children aged 3 years, the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) for the ever breastfed group was lower than that for never breastfed group (0.12 vs. 0.42, P = 0.043). In addition, the weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) of the ever breastfed group was lower than that of the never breastfed group (0.31 vs. 0.65, P = 0.026), and the WAZ was lower in children aged 4 years who breastfed between 12 and 23 months than in those who never breastfed. Compared to the formula-fed children, the fat-free mass of breastfed infants was higher for children aged 3 years (12.84 kg vs. 12.52 kg, P = 0.015) and lower for those aged 4 years (14.31 kg vs. 14.64 kg, P = 0.048), but no difference was detected for children aged 5 years (16.40 kg vs. 16.42 kg, P = 0.910) after adjusting for potential confounders. No significant difference was detected in the weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ), body mass index (BMI)-for-age Z-score (BAZ), fat-free mass index, and body fat indicators in the ever breastfed and never breastfed groups and among various breastfeeding duration groups for children aged 3-5 years. Conclusion: No obvious associations were detected between breastfeeding duration, BMI, and fat mass indicators. Future prospective studies should explore the relationship between breastfeeding status and fat-free mass.

Effect of Age and Sex on Stroke Mortality of Young and Middle-aged Adults in China, 2002-2019, and Predictions to 2030.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the trends in stroke mortality among young and middle-aged adults in China. Methods: Data were obtained from the China national vital registration system. Significant changes in mortality were assessed by Joinpoint regression. Age-period-cohort analysis was used to explain the reasons for the changes. Future mortality and counts were predicted by the Bayesian age-period-cohort model. Results: Between 2002 and 2019, a total of 6,253,951 stroke mortality in young and middle-aged adults were recorded. The age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) of women showed a downward trend. The annual percent changes (APC) were -3.5% (-5.2%, -1.7%) for urban women and -2.8% (-3.7%, -1.9%) for rural women. By contrast, the AAMRs per 100,000 for rural men aged 25-44 years continued to rise from 9.40 to 15.46. The AAMRS for urban men aged 25-44 years and urban and rural men aged 45-64 years did not change significantly. Between 2020 and 2030, the projected stroke deaths are 1,423,584 in men and 401,712 in women. Conclusion: Significant sex and age disparities in the trends of stroke mortality among young and middle-aged adults were identified in China. Targeted health policy measures are needed to address the burden of stroke in the young generation, especially for rural men, with a focus on the prevention and management of high risk factors.

Postoperative radiotherapy in pIIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer after complete resection and adjuvant chemotherapy: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in patients with pIIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer after complete resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science databases, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were systematically searched to extract randomized control trials comparing PORT with observation in pIIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer patients until October 2021. Main outcomes were disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and local recurrence. RESULTS: Three-phase 3 randomized control trials involving 902 patients were included: 455 patients in the PORT group and 447 patients in the observation group. The methodological quality of the 3 randomized control trials were high quality. The pooled analysis revealed that PORT decreased local recurrence rate (odds ratio = 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40-0.76). However, PORT did not improve median DFS (hazard ratio = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71-1.00) and OS (hazard ratio = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.68-1.52). CONCLUSIONS: PORT decreased the incidence of local recurrence. However, PORT did not improve DFS and OS.

The Patterns of Complementary Feeding and Growth among 12 to 23 Month-Old Children in China.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to understand the characteristics of dietary patterns among children aged 12 to 23 months and discusses the relationship between dietary patterns and the growth of children. METHOD: Cross-sectional data were selected from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for 0 to 18 year-old children in China ( n = 2,449) to describe the patterns of complementary feeding and the growth of children. Cluster analysis was used to analyze complementary feeding patterns, and an analysis of variance and Bonferroni test were conducted to analyze the relationship between Z scores and complementary feeding patterns. RESULTS: Four dietary patterns were identified among the children via cluster analysis. In Pattern 4 ( n = 104, 4.2%), children still consumed milk as their staple food. They displayed the lowest grain, fruit, vegetable, egg, and flesh foods consumption, a medium frequency of breast milk consumption, and a high frequency of dairy product consumption. Pattern 4 had the lowest length-for-age Z scores and weight-for-age Z scores, with -0.10 ± 1.34 and 0.24 ± 1.00, respectively ( F = 7.940, P < 0.001; F = 5.317, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Although China is undergoing rapid urbanization and economic development, there is still a phenomenon of insufficient intake of protein-rich foods and dairy-based dietary patterns at the stage of complementary food introduced among children aged 12 to 23 months.

National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children 0-17 Years of Age in China.

The main purpose of the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China (CNHSC) was to collect basic data on the nutrition, development, and health status for children in different regions across China using evidence-based, reliable, and cost-effective approaches. Children and their parents or guardians from seven regions (south, southwest, north, northwest, eastern, central, and northeast China) in China were recruited. A multi-stage stratified randomized sampling method was used. Two provinces were randomly sampled from each of the seven regions, from which one urban district and one rural country were also randomly sampled, resulting in a total of 28 survey counties/districts. Dietary surveys, health examinations, laboratory testing, and questionnaires were used to collect dietary intake, nutritional status, child development, and health status information. Nutrition, health, and lifestyle assessment of children and their parents was determined using the Knowledge Attitude Practice (KAP) survey. Greater than 100,000 children (38,000 children < 6 years of age and 66,000 children 6-17 years of age) completed the survey. The survey provided comprehensive data on child nutrition and health status for future studies and will serve as the basis for an integrated nutrition and health improvement strategies proposal for children in China.

Recent Trends in Sedentary Behaviors among Chinese Children According to Demographic and Social Characteristics.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore trends in sedentary behavior among Chinese children aged 6-17 years per demographic and social characteristics. METHODS: A total of 4,341 children aged 6-17 years who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 2004 to 2015 were included. Repeated measures from mixed-effects models were applied to test trends in sedentary behaviors, which were further analyzed after applying stratification according to gender, age, urbanization level, residential area, and region. Random-effects ordinal regression models were used to examine the trends at sedentary levels. RESULTS: From 2004 to 2015, sedentary time among children aged 6-17 years increased from 23.9 ± 0.6 h/week to 25.7 ± 0.6 h/week ( P < 0.001). Increases of 3.1 h/week ( P < 0.001), 2.3 h/week ( P = 0.012), and 1.3 h/week ( P = 0.042) were found among the low-, medium-, and high-urbanization groups respectively and increased by 2.0 h/week ( P < 0.001) and 1.3 h/week ( P = 0.002) among rural and urban children, respectively. The proportion of Chinese children with average daily screen time below 2 hours declined by 10.2% ( OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.42-0.63, P < 0.001); a decreasing trend was observed in both boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS: Sedentary time among Chinese children aged 6-17 years showed an upward trend from 2004 to 2015, especially among children residing in rural areas and regions with low urbanization levels.

Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors among Chinese Children: Recent Trends and Correlates.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at examining the trends and correlates of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors among Chinese children. METHODS: A total of 4,341 subjects (6,936 observations) aged 6-17 years who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2004-2015) were included. Of the subjects, 41% participated in the survey twice or more. Random-effects ordinal regression models and repeated-measures mixed-effects models were used to examine the PA trends. Quantile regression models were applied to examine the factors influencing PA and sedentary behaviors. RESULTS: From 2004 to 2015, the prevalence of physical inactivity among Chinese children aged 6-17 years increased by 5.5% [odds ratio ( OR), 1.51; 95% confidence interval ( CI), 1.19-1.90; P < 0.001]. The PA volume declined by 5.8 metabolic equivalent of task-hr/week ( P < 0.001), and the time spent in sedentary behaviors increased by 1.8 hr/week ( P < 0.001). Age, ethnicity, and region showed significant effects on the PA volume across the quartiles ( P < 0.001). Across the quartiles, sedentary time was significantly higher in the children residing in urban areas ( P < 0.001) or areas with high urbanization levels ( P ≤ 0.005) than in their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: A declining PA trend among Chinese children aged 6-17 years was observed from 2004 to 2015, and certain subgroups and geographical areas are at higher risk of physical inactivity.

Malnutrition in Relation with Dietary, Geographical, and Socioeconomic Factors among Older Chinese.

OBJECTIVE: Nutrition is closely related to the health of the elderly population. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive picture of the nutrition status of elderly Chinese and its related dietary, geographical, and socioeconomic factors. METHODS: A total of 13,987 ≥ 60-year-old persons from the 2010-2013 Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey were included to evaluate various aspects of malnutrition, including underweight, overweight or obesity, and micronutrient inadequacy. RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of obesity, overweight, and underweight was 12.4%, 34.8%, and 5.7%, respectively, with disparities both geographically and socioeconomically. The prevalence of underweight was higher among the older old (≥ 75 years), rural residents and those with low income, with low education status, and residing in undeveloped West areas. More than 75% of the elderly do not meet the Dietary Reference Intakes for vitamins A, B 1, B 2, and E, folate, calcium, selenium, potassium, biotin, and choline, with the prevalence of inadequate intake increasing with age for most nutrients. At the population level, the mean intakes of numerous food groups did not meet the recommendations by the Chinese Dietary Guideline. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity epidemic, inadequacy of micronutrient intake, and high prevalence of underweight and anemia in susceptible older people are the major nutrition challenges for the rapidly aging population in China.

Recent Trends in Physical Activity among Chinese Children Based on Their Demographic and Social Characteristics.

Aimed to explore the trends in physical activity among Chinese children, data of 4,341 children aged 6-17 years who participated in at least one round of "China Health and Nutrition Survey" from 2004 to 2015 were analyzed. Repeated measures mixed models were applied to test the trends in physical activity, which were further analyzed after applying stratification on gender, age, urbanization level, residential area and region. The volume of total physical activity in Chinese children aged 6-17 years showed a downward trend from 2004 to 2015, especially among children residing in medium and high urbanization communities, the south and urban areas of China, so that more efforts need to be put to promote their physical activity.

Association between Baseline SBP/DBP and All-Cause Mortality in Residents of Shanxi, China: A Population-based Cohort Study from 2002 to 2015.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between blood pressure and all-cause mortality in Shanxi, China. METHODS: The '2002 China Nutrition and Health Survey' baseline data in Shanxi province was used. A retrospective investigation was performed in 2015. The effects of SBP and DBP on the all-cause mortality were analyzed using the Cox regression model. The hazard ratio ( HR) and 95% confidence interval ( CI) were estimated by the sex and age groups. RESULTS: The follow-up rate was 76.52% over 13 years, while the cumulative mortality rate for all participants was 917.12/100,000 person-years. The mortality rose with an increasing SBP ( χ 2 trend = 270.537, P < 0.001) or DBP level ( χ 2 trend = 57.240, P < 0.001). After adjustment for the confounding factors, a significant association between mortality and high SBP (≥ 160 mmHg) and high DBP (≥ 100 mmHg), with adjusted HR ranging from 1.405- to 2.179-fold for SBP and 1.550- to 2.854-fold for DBP, was noted. Significant HRs for most DBP subgroups were found in > 60-year-old participants. Males with DBP ≥ 100 mmHg had a significantly higher mortality, with an HR (95% CI) of 2.715 (1.377-5.351). CONCLUSION: Adults with SBP > 160 mmHg and DBP > 100 mmHg had a higher mortality risk. Sex and age difference was noted in both DBP and mortality risk.

Are Lipid Profiles in Middle Age Associated with Famine Exposure during Prenatal and Early Postnatal Period?

BACKGROUND: Undernutrition during early life may increase the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood, including dyslipidemia. Few investigations have confirmed the relationship between early life undernutrition and dyslipidemia in adulthood in China. OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between the Great Chinese Famine exposure during prenatal period or early postnatal period and lipid profiles in adulthood. DESIGN: Data were extracted from the China Nutrition and Health Survey (CNHS) in 2010-2012, which included the participants who experienced the Great Chinese Famine during early life. RESULTS: Participants who experienced the Great Chinese Famine in early postnatal period had a significantly higher prevalence of elevated total cholesterol (TC) (odds ratio: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.27, 2.02) than unexposed participants. Female (odds ratio: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.27, 2.31) were high risk than male (odds ratio: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.11) and physical inactivity group (odds ratio: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.29) were high risk than adequate physical activity group (odds ratio: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.07). Similar effect of famine exposure on elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was observed, except that no significant difference was found between adequate physical activity group and physical inactivity group. Participants who experienced the Great Chinese Famine in prenatal period had a significantly higher prevalence of lowed high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (odds ratio: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.37) than unexposed. Female were more likely to have lower HDL-C (odds ratio: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.74), but not found in male. Participants with physical inactivity were more likely to have lower HDL-C (odds ratio: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.61), but not found in adequate physical activity group. CONCLUSIONS: People who experienced the Great Chinese Famine during early life, especially in females and people physical inactivity, would impair of lipid profiles in later life. Healthy lifestyle like adequate physical activity may partially alleviate the adverse effects.

Abdominal Obesity and Its Attribution to All-cause Mortality in the General Population with 14 Years Follow-up: Findings from Shanxi Cohort in China.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the association of waist circumference (WC) with all-cause mortality among Chinese adults. METHODS: The baseline data were from Shanxi Province of 2002 China Nutrition and Health Survey. The death investigation and follow-up visit were conducted from December 2015 to March 2016. The visits covered up to 5,360 of 7,007 participants, representing a response rate of 76.5%. The Cox regression model and floating absolute risk were used to estimate hazard ratio and 95% floating CI of death by gender and age groups (≥ 60 and < 60 years old). Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding current smokers; participants with stroke, hypertension, and diabetes; participants who accidentally died; and participants who died during the first 2 years of follow-up. RESULTS: This study followed 67,129 person-years for 12.5 years on average, including 615 deaths. The mortality density was 916 per 100,000 person-years. Low WC was associated with all-cause mortality among men. Multifactor-adjusted hazard ratios ( HR) were 1.60 (1.35-1.90) for WC < 75.0 cm and 1.40 (1.11-1.76) for WC ranging from 75.0 cm to 79.9 cm. Low WC (< 70.0 cm and 70.0-74.9 cm) and high WC (≥ 95.0 cm) groups had a high risk of mortality among women. The adjusted HRs of death were 1.43 (1.11-1.83), 1.39 (1.05-1.84), and 1.91 (1.13-3.22). CONCLUSION: WC was an important predictor of death independent of body mass index (BMI). WC should be used as a simple rapid screening and predictive indicator of the risk of death.

Association between Selenium in Soil and Diabetes in Chinese Residents Aged 35-74 Years: Results from the 2010 National Survey of Chronic Diseases and Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between soil selenium levels and the risk of diabetes in Chinese adults aged 35-74 years. METHODS: Data for this study were derived from the China Chronic Diseases and Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance 2010 survey. Selenium concentrations in soil were obtained from the Atlas of Soil Environmental Background Values in China. A two-level binary logistic regression model was used to determine the association between soil selenium concentrations and the risk of diabetes, with participants nested within districts/counties. RESULTS: A total of 69,332 participants aged 35-74 years, from 158 districts/counties were included in the analysis. Concentrations of selenium in soil varied greatly across the 158 districts/counties, with a median concentration of 0.219 mg/kg ( IQR: 0.185-0.248). The results showed that both Quartile 1 (0.119-0.185 mg/kg) and Quartile 4 (0.249-0.344 mg/kg) groups were positively associated with diabetes compared to a soil selenium concentration of 0.186-0.219 mg/kg (Quartile 2), crude odds ratios ( ORs) (95% CI) were 1.227 (1.003-1.502) and 1.280 (1.048-1.563). The P values were 0.045 and 0.013, for Quartile 1 and Quartile 4 groups, respectively. After adjusting for all confounding factors of interest, the Quartile 1 group became non-significant, and the Quartile 4 group had an adjusted OR (95% CI) of 1.203 (1.018-1.421) relative to the reference group (Quartile 2), the P values was 0.030. No significant results were seen for the Quartile 3 group (0.220-0.248 mg/kg) compared to the reference group. CONCLUSION: Excessive selenium concentrations in soil could increase the risk of diabetes among Chinese adults aged 35-74 years.

MicroRNA-1271-5p inhibits cell proliferation and enhances radiosensitivity by targeting CDK1 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

This study aims to determine whether miR-1271-5p inhibits cell proliferation and enhances the radiosensitivity by targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its expression levels in the HCC cell lines were significantly lower than those in normal human liver cell line. Bioinformatics analysis indicated CDK1 was a potential target of miR-1271-5p. Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay confirmed that CDK1 is a direct target gene of miR-1271-5p. With overexpression of miR-1271-5p in SMMC-7721 and HuH-7 cells, cell proliferation was decreased, radiosensitivity was enhanced, cell cycle distribution was altered and the growth of transplanted tumours in nude mice was significantly reduced. miR-1271-5p overexpression enhanced radiosensitivity, which could be reduced by CDK1 overexpression. Overall, our findings suggested that miR-1271-5p inhibits cell proliferation and enhances the radiosensitivity of HCC cell lines by targeting CDK1.

Combined effects of physical activity and calcium on bone health in children and adolescents: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: A better understanding of the role of exercise and nutrition in bone health is significant for preventing osteoporosis. The aim of this review was to assess the combined effects of physical activity and calcium intake on improving bone mineral density in children and adolescents. METHODS: A search of electronic databases (MedLine, ISI Web of Science, Science Direct) and the literature references were performed. Randomized controlled trials published between 1997 and 2017, evaluating the effect of both physical activity and calcium intake intervention on bone mineral density or bone mineral content among children aged 3-18 years were selected. The Improved Jadad Rating Scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Study characteristics were summarized in accordance with the review's PICO criteria. Changes in bone mineral content were detected at several different bone sites. RESULTS: A total of nine studies involving 908 participants were included in this review. The combined intervention of physical activity and calcium increased bone mineral in children and adolescents, especially when baseline calcium intake level was low and among participants on the stage of early puberty. CONCLUSIONS: Regular physical activity combined with high level of calcium intake is beneficial for bone health in young population. Further research is needed to evaluate the dose-response associations and long-term effects of the interaction between physical activity and calcium intake.

Let-7f-5p regulates TGFBR1 in glucocorticoid-inhibited osteoblast differentiation and ameliorates glucocorticoid-induced bone loss.

Previous studies indicated that let-7 enhances osteogenesis and bone formation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We also have confirmed that let-7f-5p expression was upregulated during osteoblast differentiation in rat bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) and was downregulated in the vertebrae of patients with glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). The study was performed to determine the role of let-7f-5p in GC-inhibited osteogenic differentiation of murine BMSCs in vitro and in GIOP in vivo. Here, we report that dexamethasone (Dex) inhibited osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and let-7f-5p expression, while increasing the expression of transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1), a direct target of let-7f-5p during osteoblast differentiation under Dex conditions. In addition, let-7f-5p promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, as indicated by the promotion of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity, Von Kossa staining, and osteogenic marker expression (Runx2,Osx, Alp, and Ocn), but decreased TGFBR1 expression in the presence of Dex. However, overexpression of TGFBR1 reversed the upregulation of let-7f-5p during Dex-treated osteoblast differentiation. Knockdown of TGFBR1 reversed the effect of let-7f-5p downregulation during Dex-treated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. We also found that glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediated transcriptional silencing of let-7f-5p and its knockdown enhanced Dex-inhibited osteogenic differentiation. Further, when injected in vivo, agomiR-let-7f-5p significantly reversed bone loss induced by Dex, as well as increased osteogenic marker expression (Runx2, Osx, Alp, and Ocn) and decreased TGFBR1 expression in bone extracts. These findings indicated that the regulatory axis of GR/let-7f-5p/TGFBR1 may be important for Dex-inhibited osteoblast differentiation and that let-7f-5p may be a useful therapeutic target for GIOP.

Validity and Reliability of Chinese Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children Aged 10-17 Years.

OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed to report the development, the reliability and validity of the Chinese Children Physical Activity Questionnaire (CCPAQ) which was designed for the assessment of physical activity pattern in young population in China. METHODS: The CCPAQ was administered for two times in 119 children (mean age 13.1 ± 2.4 years; boys 47%) to examine reliability by using intraclass correlation coefficients. Validity was determined in 106 participants by agreement with the CCPAQ measures and the objective method, the ActiGraph accelerometer. Data on physical activity pattern including time spent on different intensities and total physical activity, sedentary behavior as well as physical activity energy expenditure were used to assess the validity with Spearman's correlation coefficient and the Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS: The reliability coefficient of the CCPAQ ranged from 0.63-0.93 (Intra-class correlation coefficient). Spearman's correlation coefficient for validity of time spent on total physical activity and sedentary behavior were all 0.32 (P < 0.001), and for physical activity energy expenditure was 0.58 (P < 0.001). Time spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and light physical activity showed a relatively low correlation with the accelerometer (rho = 0.20, P = 0.040; rho = 0.19, P = 0.054). CONCLUSION: The CCPAQ appears to be a promising and feasible method to assess physical activity pattern in Chinese children.