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This study aimed to optimize the extraction of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides (HEP) using ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction combined with Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal extraction conditions were identified as: 33 min extraction time, 30:1 liquid to material ratio, 38 °C extraction temperature, 9 g/kg cellulase amount, pH 4, and 20 % ethanol concentration. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of HEP was 5.87 ± 0.16 %, consistent with the predicted results. Additionally, the potential immunomodulatory activity of HEP on RAW 264.7 macrophage was evaluated. The results revealed that HEP improved the immunostimulatory activity of RAW264.7 cells, evident from increased production of IL-6 and TNF-α. These findings suggest that HEP is capable of enhancing the immune activity of RAW 264.7 macrophage.
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BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of implementing a data-driven blended online-offline (DDBOO) teaching approach in the medicinal chemistry course. METHODS: A total of 118 third-year students majoring in pharmacy were enrolled from September 2021 to January 2022. The participants were randomly assigned to either the DDBOO teaching group or the traditional lecture-based learning (LBL) group for medicinal chemistry. Pre- and post-class quizzes were administered, along with an anonymous questionnaire distributed to both groups to assess students' perceptions and experiences. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the pre-class quiz scores between the DDBOO and LBL groups (T=-0.637, P = 0.822). However, after class, the mean quiz score of the DDBOO group was significantly higher than that of the LBL group (T = 3.742, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the scores for learning interest, learning motivation, self-learning skill, mastery of basic knowledge, teamwork skills, problem-solving ability, innovation ability, and satisfaction, as measured by the questionnaire, were significantly higher in the DDBOO group than in the traditional group (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The DDBOO teaching method effectively enhances students' academic performance and satisfaction. Further research and promotion of this approach are warranted.
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Química Farmacéutica , Educación en Farmacia , Evaluación Educacional , Estudiantes de Farmacia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Química Farmacéutica/educación , Instrucción por Computador/métodos , Curriculum , Educación a Distancia , Educación en Farmacia/métodos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
In this study, a targeted nanocarrier was developed by functionalizing graphene oxide with polyethyleneimine and folic acid, intended for loading oridonin. The nanocarrier was successfully synthesized and characterized using an ultraviolet spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The nanocarrier demonstrated a remarkable oridonin loading capacity, reaching 424.8 µg/mg, as determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. In vitro drug release experiments exhibited a pH-dependent release profile, with a higher cumulative release in an acidic environment. The release mechanism followed the Ritger-Peppas equation model. Cytotoxicity assays indicated minimal toxicity of the nanocarrier. Enhanced cellular uptake by MCF7 cells was observed for carriers functionalized with folate and polyethyleneimine. These findings highlight the potential of functionalized graphene oxide as a promising carrier for oridonin delivery in biomedical applications.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Diterpenos de Tipo Kaurano , Portadores de Fármacos , Grafito , Grafito/química , Diterpenos de Tipo Kaurano/química , Diterpenos de Tipo Kaurano/farmacología , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Liberación de Fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Fólico/química , Nanopartículas/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodosRESUMEN
The adipokine resistin is linked with obesity, inflammation and various cancers, including breast cancer. This study sought to determine whether certain polymorphisms in the gene encoding resistin, RETN, increase the risk of breast cancer susceptibility. We analyzed levels of resistin expression in breast cancer tissue and samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We also examined associations between four RETN single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs3745367, rs7408174, rs1862513 and rs3219175) and breast cancer susceptibility in 515 patients with breast cancer and 541 healthy women without cancer. Compared with wild-type (GG) carriers, those carrying the AG genotype of the RETN SNP rs3219175 and those carrying at least one A allele in the SNP rs3219175 had a higher chance of developing breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 1.295, 95% confidence intervals, CI: 1.065-1.575 and 2.202, 1.701-2.243, respectively). When clinical aspects and the RETN SNP rs7408174 were examined in the breast cancer cohort, the CT genotype was linked to late-stage disease, while women with luminal A disease and at least one C allele were likely to progress to stage III/IV disease and to develop highly pathological grade III disease. Moreover, resistin-positive individuals were at greater risk than resistin-negative individuals for developing pathological grade III disease (OR: 5.020; 95% CI: 1.380-18.259). This study details risk associations between resistin and RETN SNPs in breast cancer susceptibility in Chinese Han women.
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Inclusion complexes of essential oils with cyclodextrins are an effective way to improve stability and solubility, and turn liquid materials into easy to handle powders. In this work, an essential oil of Myristica fragrans Hott. (MFEO), already used in the food and cosmetics industries, was formulated with beta-cyclodextrins (ß-CD) using a co-precipitation method. The orthogonal array scheme was adapted for the optimization of preparation process. DSC and FT-IR spectroscopy analysis indicated the successful formation of MFEO/ß-CD inclusion complexes, which improved the thermal stability of MFEO. Furthermore, comparing the antimicrobial activity of MFEO/ß-CD inclusion complexes and free essential oil against Staphyloccocus aureus, Staphyloccocus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis, it was found that the antimicrobial effect was enhanced after the formation of inclusion complexes. This study demonstrates the potential for the use of MFEO/ß-CD inclusion complexes in the treatment of bacterial infection.
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Antiinfecciosos/química , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Myristica/química , Aceites Volátiles/química , beta-Ciclodextrinas/química , Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis , beta-Ciclodextrinas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Breast cancer is the most common diagnosed malignancy in women. This study genotyped blood samples from 236 Han Chinese women with breast cancer and 128 healthy controls for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2977537, rs2929970, rs2929973, rs2977530, and rs62514004, to determine whether these WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP-1) genetic polymorphisms increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Compared with wild-type (AA) carriers, those carrying the WISP1 rs62514004 AG or AGâ+âGG genetic variants had a greater risk of developing breast cancer. In an evaluation of the association between clinicopathological aspects and the WISP1 SNP rs62514004 in the breast cancer cohort, patients with the GG genotype were less likely than those with the AA genotype to develop stage III/IV disease. Patients carrying the WISP1 rs2929973 GGâ+âTT variant were almost twice as likely as those carrying the GT genotype to have estrogen receptor (ER)- and progesterone receptor (PR)-positive tumors, while those with the WISP1 rs62514004 AGâ+âGG genetic variants were around twice as likely as those with the AA genotype to have HER2-positive tumors. This study details risk associations between WISP1 SNPs and breast cancer susceptibility in women of Han Chinese ethnicity.
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Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Proteínas CCN de Señalización Intercelular/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Receptor ErbB-2/análisis , Receptores de Estrógenos/análisis , Receptores de Progesterona/análisis , Factores de Riesgo , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
An efficient ultra-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector method was established for simultaneous determination of six active components in Roukou Wuwei pills, namely gallic acid, piperine, costundide, dehydrocostus lactone, isoalantolactone and alantolactone. Chromatographic separation of six components was successfully achieved on an Waters BEH C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water using a gradient elution. Gallic acid and piperine were detected at 270 nm and 343 nm, respectively; while costundide, dehydrocostus lactone, isoalantolactone and alantolactone were simultaneously measured at 225 nm. All six calibration curves showed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9994) between the peak area of each component and corresponding concentration. Relative standard deviations for inter- and intra-day precisions were <0.45 and 0.77%, respectively. The mean recovery rates ranged from 96.72 to 102.2% with relative standard deviations <2.07%. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, precision and accuracy and then successfully applied for the quality control of commercial Roukou Wuwei samples.
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Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/análisis , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Alcaloides/análisis , Benzodioxoles/análisis , Ácido Gálico/análisis , Lactonas/análisis , Límite de Detección , Modelos Lineales , Piperidinas/análisis , Alcamidas Poliinsaturadas/análisis , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sesquiterpenos/análisisRESUMEN
Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality amongst women. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 is encoded by the CCL4 gene; specific CCL4 gene polymorphisms are related to the risks and prognoses of various diseases. In this study, we examined whether CCL4 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) predict the risk and progression of breast cancer. Between 2014 and 2016, we recruited 314 patients diagnosed with breast cancer and a cohort of 209 healthy participants (controls) without a history of cancer. Genotyping of the CCL4 rs1634507, rs10491121 and rs1719153 SNPs revealed no significant between-group differences for these polymorphisms. However, amongst luminal A and luminal B subtypes, compared with patients with the AA genotype, those carrying the AG genotype at SNP rs10491121 were less likely to develop lymph node metastasis. In addition, compared with AA carriers, those carrying the AG + GG genotype at SNP rs10491121 were at lower risk of developing distant metastasis, while the presence of the AT genotype at SNP rs1719153 increased the likelihood of pathologic grade (G3 or G4) disease. Variations in the CCL4 gene may help to predict breast cancer progression and metastasis.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Quimiocina CCL4/genética , Metástasis Linfática , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Adulto , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide. High-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein found in all mammal eukaryotic cells that participates in tumor progression, migration and metastasis. HMGB1 overexpression has been indicated in breast cancer patients. However, scant information is available regarding the association between HMGB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk or prognosis of breast cancer. We report on the association between 4 SNPs of the HMGB1 gene (rs1360485, rs1045411, rs2249825 and rs1412125) and breast cancer susceptibility as well as clinical outcomes in 313 patients with breast cancer and in 217 healthy controls. Patients with one G allele in the rs1360485 or rs2249825 domains are likely to progress to T2 tumor and lymph node metastasis. In addition, the presence of one G allele in SNPs rs1360485 or rs2249825 was associated with a higher risk of progressing to T2 tumor and distant metastasis amongst HER2-enriched and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors compared with luminal A and luminal B tumors. Furthermore, having one C allele in the rs1412125 domain increased the risk of pathologic grade 3 disease in HER2-enriched and TNBC tumors. Our results indicate that genetic variations in the HMGB1 gene may serve as an important predictor of breast cancer progression and metastasis.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Proteína HMGB1/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Neoplasias de la Mama/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Pronóstico , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from the fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes and investigate its anti-hepatitis B virus activity. The extracting parameters including ultrasonic power (240-320W), extraction temperature (40-60°C) and extraction time (15-25min) was optimized by using three-variable-three-level Box-Behnken design based on the single-factor experiments. Data analysis results showed that the optimal conditions for extracting LEPs were an extraction temperature of 45°C, extraction time of 21min and ultrasonic power of 290W. Under these optimal conditions, the experimental yield of LEPs was 9.75%, a 1.62-fold increase compared with conventional heat water extraction (HWE). In addition, crude polysaccharides were purified to obtain two fractions (LEP-1 and LEP-2). Chemical analysis showed that these components were rich in glucose, arabinose and mannose. Furthermore, HepG2.2.15 cells were used as in vitro models to evaluate their anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity. The results suggest that LEPs possesses potent anti-HBV activity in vitro.
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Hepatitis B/tratamiento farmacológico , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Polisacáridos/uso terapéutico , Hongos Shiitake/química , Ultrasonido , Análisis de Varianza , Antivirales/farmacología , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Células Hep G2 , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/metabolismo , Antígenos e de la Hepatitis B/metabolismo , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Temperatura , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Fascin-1 (FSCN1) is an actin-binding protein found in mammalian cells, including endothelial, neuronal and mesenchymal cells. FSCN1 overexpression has been indicated in breast cancer patients. However, scant information is available regarding the association between FSCN1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk or prognosis of breast cancer. We report on the association between 6 SNPs of the FSCN1 gene (rs56156320, rs8772, rs3801004, rs2966447, rs852479 and rs1640233) and breast cancer susceptibility as well as clinical outcomes in 316 patients with breast cancer and in 222 healthy controls. Carriers of the AC or AC + CC allele of the variant rs56156320 were at greater risk of breast cancer compared with wild-type (AA) carriers. Moreover, carriers of at least one G allele in rs3801004 were likely to progress to stage III/IV disease and lymph node metastasis. Individuals with at least one T allele at FSCN1 SNP rs2966447 were at higher risk of developing pathologic grade G3 disease. Furthermore, individuals bearing the C/C haplotype at SNPs rs56156320 and rs3801004 had nearly twice the risk of breast cancer. Our results indicate that genetic variations in the FSCN1 gene may serve as an important predictor of early-stage breast cancer.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Carcinogénesis/patología , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Adulto , Carcinogénesis/genética , Proteínas Portadoras/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Intervalos de Confianza , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Haplotipos/genética , Humanos , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento/genética , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad RelativaRESUMEN
Emerging evidence indicates that Fascin-1 (FSCN1) may possess a causal role in the development of several types of cancers and serves as a novel biomarker of aggressiveness in certain carcinomas. However, the regulatory mechanism of FSCN1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell invasion and migration is still largely unknown. In our study, we observed that the FSCN1 expression rates were significantly higher in invasive ductal carcinoma, compared with both usual ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ. FSCN1 expression was significantly higher in cases of TNBC compared with the non-TNBC subtype. Overexpression of FSCN1 promoted TNBC cell migration and invasion. Epidermal growth factor induced the expression of FSCN1 through activation of MAPK, which subsequently promoted cell migration and invasion. A significant decrease in FSCN1 expression following the co-treatment of FSCN1 siRNA and Gefitinib, compared with the separate treatment of FSCN1 siRNA or Gefitinib. Furthermore, we found that there was a significant association between FSCN1 expression and poor relapse-free survival and overall survival. Therefore, we suggest that co-targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and FSCN1 dual biomarker may be used as a novel therapeutic strategy for TNBC.
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Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/genética , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/genética , Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patología , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores ErbB/genética , Femenino , Gefitinib/administración & dosificación , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/genética , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Supervivencia sin Progresión , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/patologíaRESUMEN
Chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignancy of bone after myeloma and osteosarcoma. Chondrosarcoma development may be linked to angiogenesis, which is principally elicited by vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). The expression of VEGF-A has been recognized as a prognostic marker in angiogenesis. Amphiregulin (AR), an epidermal growth factor receptor ligand, promotes tumor proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis. However, the role of AR in VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma remains largely unknown. This current study shows that AR promoted VEGF-A production and induced angiogenesis of human endothelial progenitor cells. Moreover, AR-enhanced VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis involved the FAK, c-Src and PKCδ signaling pathways, while miR-206 expression was negatively mediated by AR via the FAK, c-Src and PKCδ pathways. Our results illustrate the clinical significance between AR, VEGF-A and miR-206, as well as tumor stage, in human chondrosarcoma. AR may represent a novel therapeutic target in the metastasis and angiogenesis of chondrosarcoma.
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Anfirregulina/metabolismo , Neoplasias Óseas/enzimología , Condrosarcoma/enzimología , Quinasa 1 de Adhesión Focal/metabolismo , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Neovascularización Patológica , Proteína Quinasa C-delta/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Familia-src Quinasas/metabolismo , Anfirregulina/genética , Anfirregulina/farmacología , Animales , Neoplasias Óseas/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias Óseas/genética , Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Embrión de Pollo , Condrosarcoma/irrigación sanguínea , Condrosarcoma/genética , Condrosarcoma/patología , Membrana Corioalantoides/irrigación sanguínea , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Células Progenitoras Endoteliales/enzimología , Células Progenitoras Endoteliales/patología , Quinasa 1 de Adhesión Focal/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Desnudos , MicroARNs/genética , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Proteína Quinasa C-delta/genética , Interferencia de ARN , Transducción de Señal , Factores de Tiempo , Transfección , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/genética , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/farmacología , Familia-src Quinasas/genéticaRESUMEN
In this study, the enzyme-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes (LEPs) was optimized by response surface methodology, and a preliminary characterization of the extracted LEPs and their anti-proliferative activities were investigated. An orthogonal assay was constructed to determine the optimal amounts of cellulase, papain and pectinase, which were 15, 20 and 15g/kg, respectively. Then effects of extraction conditions were evaluated and optimized using a Box-Behnken design. The results showed that the highest polysaccharides yield of 15.65% was achieved with an extraction temperature of 54°C, pH 5.0, enzymatic treatment time of 93min and a liquid/material ratio of 29:1mL/g, which correlated well with the predicted yield of 15.58%. Subsequently, the crude LEPs were further purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex-100 chromatography to obtain two fractions, which were designated as LEP-1 and LEP-2 and their monosaccharide compositions were characterized by GC. Fourier-transform infrared spectra demonstrated that LEP-1 and LEP-2 were distinct from each other regarding their chemical structures. In addition, the LEPs exhibited inhibition of cell proliferation on HCT-116 and HeLa cells in vitro. In summary, this study provides an efficient enzyme-assisted extraction for LEPs, which can be used as natural antitumor agents in the pharmaceutical and functional food industries.
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Antineoplásicos/aislamiento & purificación , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/aislamiento & purificación , Hongos Shiitake/química , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Celulasa/química , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/farmacología , Células HCT116 , Células HeLa , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Extracción Líquido-Líquido , Ratones , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Papaína/química , Poligalacturonasa/química , Sarcoma/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
In some cases of breast cancer, diagnosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) requires further fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for determining human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. However, few cases undergo FISH in China, leading to difficulty regarding subsequent treatment decisions. Here, we used immunohistochemical analysis to explore expression of fascin-1, an actin-bundling protein, as a diagnostic marker of TNBC. A total of 457 cases of breast cancer were divided into four molecular subtypes, including 82 cases (17.9%) of TNBC, 81 (17.7%) of HER2-enriched, 185 (40.5%) of luminal A, and 109 (23.9%) of luminal B. Positive fascin-1 expression was seen in 144 cases (31.5%), including 77 (16.8%) strong positive cases. Rates of positive and strong positive expression of fascin-1 were significantly higher in cases of TNBC than in the other molecular subtypes. In all cases of breast cancer, the sensitivities and specificities of positive and strong positive fascin-1 expression for predicting TNBC were 87.8% and 80.8%, and 78.0% and 96.5%, respectively. In cases of hormone receptor-negative breast cancer, the sensitivities and specificities of positive and strong positive fascin-1 expression for predicting TNBC were 87.8% and 61.7%, and 78.0% and 92.6%, respectively. In 24 cases with estrogen receptor (ER)-, PR-, and HER2 2 + equivocal status who underwent FISH, the sensitivity and specificity of strong positive fascin-1 expression for predicting TNBC were 71.4% and 90.0%. These results suggest that strong positive fascin-1 expression can be used as a diagnostic marker of TNBC.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor , Proteínas Portadoras/metabolismo , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Clasificación del Tumor , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Carga TumoralRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Tricholoma mongolicum Imai is a well-known edible and medicinal mushroom which in recent years has attracted increasing attention because of its bioactivities. In this study, water-soluble polysaccharides were extracted from T. mongolicum Imai by cellulase-assisted extraction and their antioxidant activities were investigated. RESULTS: In order to improve the yield of polysaccharides, four variables, cellulase amount (X1 ), pH (X2 ), temperature (X3 ) and extraction time (X4 ), were investigated with a Box-Behnken design. The optimal conditions were predicted to be cellulase amount of 20 g kg(-1) , pH of 4.0, temperature of 50 °C and extraction time of 127 min, with a predicted polysaccharide yield of 190.1 g kg(-1) . The actual yield of polysaccharides under these conditions was 189.6 g kg(-1) , which matched the predicted value well. The crude polysaccharides were purified to obtain four fractions, and characterization of each was carried out. In addition, antioxidant properties of four polysaccharides assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryldydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical-scavenging assays indicated that polysaccharides from T. mongolicum Imai (TMIPs) possessed antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: TMIPs show moderate antioxidant activities in vitro. Therefore it is suggested that TMIPs are potential natural antioxidants for use in functional foods. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Celulasa/metabolismo , Mezclas Complejas/aislamiento & purificación , Aditivos Alimentarios/aislamiento & purificación , Cuerpos Fructíferos de los Hongos/química , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/aislamiento & purificación , Tricholoma/química , Algoritmos , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Secuencia de Carbohidratos , China , Mezclas Complejas/biosíntesis , Mezclas Complejas/química , Aditivos Alimentarios/análisis , Aditivos Alimentarios/química , Aditivos Alimentarios/metabolismo , Alimentos en Conserva/análisis , Alimentos en Conserva/economía , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/análisis , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/química , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/aislamiento & purificación , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/metabolismo , Cuerpos Fructíferos de los Hongos/metabolismo , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/análisis , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/biosíntesis , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/química , Calor , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Modelos Químicos , Peso Molecular , Estadística como Asunto , Factores de Tiempo , Tricholoma/metabolismoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Long non-coding RNA MEG3 (lncRNA MEG3) has been showed to involve in a variety of cancers. However, the association between lncRNA MEG3 expression level and the prognosis of osteosarcoma is still unclear. METHODS: The expression levels of lncRNA MEG3 in osteosarcoma tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Differences in patient survival were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method and a log-rank test. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used for univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic values. RESULTS: Our findings showed that expression of lncRNA MEG3 was clearly lower in osteosarcoma tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. The expression of lncRNA MEG3 was associated with clinical stage and distant metastasis (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with low lncRNA MEG3 expression had a shorter overall survival (log-rank test, P<0.05). Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that decreased expression of lncRNA MEG3, advanced clinical stage and distant metastasis were all independent predictors to overall survival of osteosarcoma patients. CONCLUSIONS: Downregulation of lncRNA MEG3 was associated with poor overall survival of osteosarcoma. LncRNA MEG3 could be a useful biomarker for progression and prognosis of osteosarcoma.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias Óseas/patología , Osteosarcoma/patología , ARN Largo no Codificante/biosíntesis , Adolescente , Adulto , Neoplasias Óseas/genética , Neoplasias Óseas/metabolismo , Niño , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Regulación hacia Abajo , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Osteosarcoma/genética , Osteosarcoma/mortalidad , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous separation and determination of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, alantolactone and isoalantolactone in Inula helenium. The HPLC separation was performed on an Elite Hypersil C18 column (200 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particle size) with a gradient elution of solvent A (acetonitrile) and solvent B (0.1% phosphoric acid in water) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection was monitored at 225 nm. The recovery of chlorogenic acid ranged from 95.6 to 107.7%, the recovery of caffeic acid ranged from 95.4 to 104.2%, the recovery of alantolactone ranged from 95.8 to 100.8% and the recovery of isoalantolactone ranged from 96.5 to 102.3%. The retention times for chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, alantolactone and isoalantolactone were 5.2, 7.1, 25.6 and 26.6 min with the limits of detection of 0.069, 0.021, 0.039 and 0.051 µg/mL, respectively. Relative standard deviation for the intra-day and inter-day was ≤2.5%. The validated method is reliable for the routine control of these four compounds in I. helenium.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Cafeicos/análisis , Ácido Clorogénico/análisis , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Inula/química , Lactonas/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Sesquiterpenos de Eudesmano/análisis , Límite de Detección , Modelos Lineales , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolic compounds from Inula helenium was studied. Effects of ethanol concentration, ultrasonic time, solid-liquid ratio, and number of extractions were investigated. An orthogonal array was constructed to optimize UAE process. The optimized extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration, 30%; solid-liquid ratio, 1 : 20; number of extractions, 2 times; extraction time, 30 min. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of total phenolic compounds and chlorogenic acid was 6.13 ± 0.58 and 1.32 ± 0.17 mg/g, respectively. The results showed that high amounts of phenolic compounds can be extracted from I. helenium by ultrasound-assisted extraction technology.