[Brivaracetam in the treatment of patients with epilepsy]. / Brivaratsetam v lechenii bol'nykh épilepsiei.

The newest antiepileptic drug (AED) brivaracetam (Briviac, UCB Pharma) (BRV) was approved in the Russian Federation in 2017 as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of partial seizures with/without secondary generalization in adults and adolescents over 16 years old with epilepsy. This review contains the data of BRV preclinical studies, pharmacokinetic profile and the results of comparative study of BRV and LEV. The results of main studies of efficacy and tolerability with pooled analysis as well as data from meta-analysis are presented. The authors present conclusions of the Russian leading epileptologists on perspectives of using BRV in different populations of epileptic patients. The use of BRV is able to provide long-term efficacy in terms of seizure control, is well tolerated, keeps quality of life and social activity of people with epilepsy.

[Perampanel in pharmacotherapy of focal epilepsy: the efficacy and tolerability in routine clinical practice]. / Perampanel v terapii fokal'nykh epilepsii: effektivnost' i perenosimost' v povsednevnoi klinicheskoi praktike.

AIM: To analyze the efficacy and tolerability of the innovative drug perampanel (PER) as add-on treatment of focal epilepsy in patients older than 12 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-six patients with focal epilepsy, aged from 12 to 63 years, mean age 31.7 years, were studied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A decrease in the frequency of all types of seizures by >50% was noted in 46,5% of patients. Stopping of all types of seizures was found in 25.6% of patients, i.e. in every fourth patient, stopping of secondary-generalized seizures in 39.5%. Adverse effects (AE) were identified in 13 (28.2%) of patients, including aggressiveness - 6 (13.0%); other AE were less frequent (<10%): sleepiness (8.7%), dizziness (4.3%), postural instability (4.3%), irritability (4.3%). PER was withdrawn in 3 (6.5%) patients due to AE. Mean effective dose was 6 mg/day. Quality-of-life improved in the majority of patients (71.7%).

[Algorithms of mono- and polytherapy in clinical epileptology. Part 1. General principles of drug choice]. / Algoritmy mono- i politerapii v klinicheskoi épileptologii. Chast' 1. Obshchie printsipy vybora farmakoterapii.

The large number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) at the physician's disposal provides not only a broad therapeutic potential in the treatment of epilepsy (EP), but creates difficulties in the adequate choice of AED. The sufficient experience in the management of patients with epilepsy has been gained so far in the world, based on which the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), updated classification, adopted the basic definition of efficiency, remission, resistance, evidence of research on the effectiveness of AED therapy, and introduced the concept of "resolved" epilepsy. In this article, a group of Russian experts suggest recommendations on the main steps in the choice of therapy in epilepsy. Possible drug interactions between different AEDs and other drugs as well as main characteristics of mono- and polytherapy of epilepsy are described. Some features of the use of AEDs in the elderly, characteristics of the "female" epilepsy related to the reproductive function and basic requirements for the therapy of epilepsy in children are presented.

[Algorithms of mono- and polytherapy in clinical epileptology]. / Algoritmy mono- i politerapii v klinicheskoi épileptologii. Chast' 2. Osobennosti lecheniia otdel'nykh grupp patsientov.

The large number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) at the physician's disposal provides not only a broad therapeutic potential in the treatment of epilepsy (EP), but creates difficulties in the adequate choice of AED. The sufficient experience in the management of patients with epilepsy has been gained so far in the world, based on which the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), updated classification, adopted the basic definition of efficiency, remission, resistance, evidence of research on the effectiveness of AED therapy, and introduced the concept of "resolved" epilepsy. In this article, a group of Russian experts suggest recommendations on the main steps in the choice of therapy in epilepsy. Possible drug interactions between different AEDs and other drugs as well as main characteristics of mono- and polytherapy of epilepsy are described. Some features of the use of AEDs in the elderly, characteristics of the "female" epilepsy related to the reproductive function and basic requirements for the therapy of epilepsy in children are presented.

[Intellectual, psychomotor and speech development of children born to mothers with epilepsy].

Intellectual, psychomotor and speech development of 50 children born to mothers with epilepsy were studied. The sample has been stratified into 2 subgroups: children aged from 6 months to 4 years and children aged from 4 to 16 years. This group included 4 (8%) children with children absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic and unclassified epilepsy; one patient had a diagnosis of epileptic encephalopathy without epileptic seizures. Video-EEG monitoring revealed the epileptiform activity on EEG in 9 (18%) children from subgroup 2, four of them suffered from epilepsy. The subclinical epileptiform activity on EEG was observed in 5 (10%) children. The Wechsler test showed that general IQ scores were low (<95%) in 4 (20%) children of this subgroup. No significant difference was found in the performance on the Bayley-III scales between children from subgroup 1 and children born to healthy mothers (controls) though the scores on the fine motor scale and speech development scale were lower in 3 (10%) and 5 (16%) children of the index group, respectively.

[Reproductive potential of women with epilepsy].

An aim of the article was to study reproductive health of 218 women with epilepsy who were long-term treated with antiepileptic drugs (AED). A comparison group included 47 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Women with epilepsy were stratified into 2 groups: group 1 included 107 women of reproductive age and group 2 - 111 pregnant women with epilepsy. In group 1, 27,7% women had ovary dysfunction, 7,2% - hypoprogesteronemia and 27% - hyperprolactinemia. There was no signs characteristic of diagnosis of PCOS in women with epilepsy compared to the women with PCOS. Menstrual cycle disturbances were reversible. The pregnant women were stratified into 2 subgroups: subgroup A consisted of women who were prepared for pregnancy by the epileptologist, subgroup B included women with unplanned pregnancy. The comparative study of the pregnancy course in these subgroups revealed that in subgroup A the compliance to treatment was higher and pregnancy and delivery were more successful as compared to subgroup B. Preparing for pregnancy and its planning together with epileptologist allows to control for seizures using minimal doses of AED and decreases pregnancy and delivery complications.

[Epilepsy: problematic cases].

Despite the substantial progress in the field of diagnostics and treatment of epilepsy, many cases of this disease still remain problematic. One third of patients are refractory to treatment.

[Prefrontal epilepsy]. / Prefrontal'naia épilepsiia.

Prefrontal epilepsy was considered as one variation of frontal-lobar epilepsy with prefrontal location of the focus. 14 verified cases were selected as the basis of the analysis of etiological factors, clinical peculiarities and possible pathogenetic mechanisms of epileptic fits in prefrontal epilepsy: generalized convulsive attacks, seizures of sudden fall, fits of stillness and pseudofits.

[Rare forms of reflex epilepsy--the epilepsy of calculation and the epilepsy of eating]. / Redkie formy reflektornoi épilepsii--épilepsiia scheta i épilepsiia edy.

The authors report rare forms of reflex epilepsies-epilepsy of calculation and epilepsy of eating. Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the pathology are considered in comparison with publications in the literature. Conception of pathogenesis of the disease is proposed.