[Magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of muscular dystrophy]. / ç£å ±æŒ¯æˆåƒåœ¨è‚Œè¥å »ä¸è‰¯ç–¾ç— è¯Šæ–­ä¸­çš„åº”ç”¨ä»·å€¼.

OBJECTIVES: To summarize the skeletal muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of the lower limbs in common subtypes of muscular dystrophy (MD) and the experience in the application of MRI in the diagnosis of MD. METHODS: A total of 48 children with MD who were diagnosed by genetic testing were enrolled as subjects. The muscle MRI features of the lower limbs were analyzed. Cumulative fatty infiltration score was calculated for each subtype, and the correlation of cumulative fatty infiltration score with clinical indices was analyzed for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). RESULTS: DMD was characterized by the involvement of the gluteus maximus and the adductor magnus. Becker muscular dystrophy was characterized by the involvement of the vastus lateralis muscle. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy was characterized by the involvement of the adductor magnus, the vastus intermedius, the vastus medialis, and the vastus lateralis muscle. For DMD, the cumulative fatty infiltration score of the lower limb muscles was significantly correlated with age, course of the disease, muscle strength, and motor function (P<0.05), while it was not significantly correlated with the serum creatine kinase level (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Different subtypes of MD have different MRI manifestations, and MRI may help with the diagnosis and assessment of MD.

[Clinical and genetic features of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B: a case report].

This article reports a case of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B (LGMD1B) caused by a novel splicing heterozygous mutation in the LMNA gene. The proband presented with progressive aggravation of weakness in walking. There was no atrophy of the scapular muscles and the lower-extremity proximal muscles, with normal muscle tension of the extremities, grade 4 muscle strength in the upper and lower extremities, and positive Gower sign. The level of creatine kinase was 779 U/L. Muscle hematoxylin-eosin staining showed muscular dystrophy, and there was no significant reduction in the expression of Lamin A protein. Second-generation sequencing revealed a novel splicing heterozygous mutation, c.810+2T>C, in the LMNA gene, while this locus was normal in his parents. GERP++RS software predicted that the mutation site was highly conservative. Human Splice Finder and Spliceman software predicted that the mutation might be a pathogenic mutation. ExPASy software predicted that the new amino acid sequence became shorter. There were two sequences of mRNA in the patient's muscle: one was the normal sequence, which accounted for 92.2%; the other was partial intron 4 retention, which was the abnormal splice variant accounting for 7.8%. LGMD1B is a type of autosomal dominant inherited myopathy caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene located on the autosomal 1q22. This study extends the mutation spectrum of the LMNA gene and provides help to the diagnosis of LGMD1B.

[Infantile hypophosphatasia caused by a novel compound heterozygous mutation: a case report and pedigree analysis].

This article reported the clinical features of one child with infantile hypophosphatasia (HPP) and his pedigree information. The proband was a 5-month-old boy with multiple skeletal dysplasia (koilosternia, bending deformity of both radii, and knock-knee deformity of both knees), feeding difficulty, reduction in body weight, developmental delay, recurrent pneumonia and respiratory failure, and a significant reduction in blood alkaline phosphatase. Among his parents, sister, uncle, and aunt (other family members did not cooperate with us in the examination), his parents and aunt had a slight reduction in alkaline phosphatase and his aunt had scoliosis; there were no other clinical phenotypes or abnormal laboratory testing results. His ALPL gene mutation came from c.228delG mutation in his mother and c.407G>A compound heterozygous mutation in his father. His aunt carried c.228delG mutation. The c.407G>A mutation had been reported as the pathogenic mutation of HPP, and c.228delG mutation was a novel pathogenic mutation. Hypophosphatasia is caused by ALPL gene mutation, and ALPL gene detection is an effective diagnostic method. This study expands the mutation spectrum of ALPL gene and provides a theoretical basis for genetic diagnosis of this disease.

Colloid solutions for fluid resuscitation in patients with sepsis: systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Colloids are widely used for fluid resuscitation in patients with sepsis. But the optimal type of fluid remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to assess the effects on mortality and safety of different colloid solutions in patients with sepsis requiring volume replacement by examining direct comparisons of colloid solutions. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, China Biological Medicine Database, VIP Chinese Journals Database, and CNKI China National Knowledge Infrastructure Whole Article Database. Randomized clinical trials comparing different colloids in septic patients needing fluid resuscitation were selected. RESULTS: Seventeen randomized clinical trials with a total 1281 participants met the inclusion criteria. Mortality was obtained in all trials. For intervention of albumin vs. hydroxyethyl starch solution (HES), the relative risk (RR) of death was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74-1.30). For intervention of albumin vs. gelatin, the RR of death was 2.4 (95% CI 0.31-18.35). For intervention of gelatin vs. HES, the RR of death was 1.02 (95% CI 0.79-1.32). For the intervention of HES vs. dextran, the RR of death was 1.38 (95% CI 0.28-6.78). For the intervention of gelatin vs. dextran, RR of death was not estimable. For albumin vs. dextran, no trial was included. Four trials of intervention of albumin vs. HES recorded the change of severity score. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that one colloid solution is more effective and safer than another for fluid resuscitation in sepsis. The severity score is improved in HES, but the confidence intervals are wide.