Hainan yellow cattle are indigenous Zebu cattle from southern China known for their tolerance of heat and strong resistance to disease. Generations of adaptation to the tropical environment of southern China and decades of artificial breeding have left identifiable selection signals in their genomic makeup. However, information on the selection signatures of Hainan yellow cattle is scarce. Herein, we compared the genomes of Hainan yellow cattle with those of Zebu, Qinchuan, Nanyang, and Yanbian cattle breeds by the composite likelihood ratio method (CLR), Tajima's D method, and identifying runs of homozygosity (ROHs), each of which may provide evidence of the genes responsible for heat tolerance in Hainan yellow cattle. The results showed that 5210, 1972, and 1290 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were screened by the CLR method, Tajima's D method, and ROH method, respectively. A total of 453, 450, and 325 genes, respectively, were identified near these SNPs. These genes were significantly enriched in 65 Gene Ontology (GO) functional terms and 11 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways (corrected p < 0.05). Five genes-Adenosylhomocysteinase-like 2, DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C3, heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A, CD53 molecule, and zinc finger and BTB domain containing 12-were recognized as candidate genes associated with heat tolerance. After further functional verification of these genes, the research results may benefit the understanding of the genetic mechanism of the heat tolerance in Hainan yellow cattle, which lay the foundation for subsequent studies on heat stress in this breed.
Tunchang pigs are an indigenous pig population in China known for their high tolerance to roughage, delicious meat, and fecundity. However, the number of Tunchang pigs has been declining due to the influence of commercial breeds and African swine fever, which could potentially lead to inbreeding. To assess the inbreeding level and the genetic basis of important traits in Tunchang pigs, our research investigated the patterns in "runs of homozygosity" (ROHs) using whole genome resequencing data from 32 Tunchang pigs. The study aimed to determine the length, number, coverage, and distribution model of ROHs in Tunchang pigs, as well as genomic regions with high ROH frequencies. The results of the study revealed that a total of 20,499,374 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1953 ROH fragments were recognized in 32 individuals. The ROH fragments in Tunchang pigs were predominantly short, ranging from 0.5 to 1 megabases (Mb) in length. Furthermore, the coverage of ROHs varied across chromosomes, with chromosome 3 having the highest coverage and chromosome 11 having the lowest coverage. The genetic diversity of Tunchang pigs was found to be relatively high based on the values of HE (expected heterozygosity), HO (observed heterozygosity), pi (nucleotide diversity), Ne (effective population size), and MAF (minor allele frequency). The average inbreeding coefficients of Tunchang pigs, as determined by three different methods (FHOM, FGRM, and FROH), were 0.019, 0.0138, and 0.0304, respectively. These values indicate that the level of inbreeding in Tunchang pigs is currently low. Additionally, the study identified a total of 13 ROH islands on all chromosomes, which in total contained 38,913 SNPs and 120 genes. These ROH islands included genes associated with economically important traits, including meat quality (GYS1, PHLPP1, SLC27A5, and CRTC1), growth and development (ANKS1A, TAF11, SPDEF, LHB, and PACSIN1), and environmental adaptation (SLC26A7). The findings of this research offer valuable perspectives on the present status of Tunchang pig resources and offer a reference for breeding conservation plans and the efficient utilization of Tunchang pigs in the future. By understanding the inbreeding level and genetic basis of important traits in Tunchang pigs, conservation efforts can be targeted towards maintaining genetic diversity and promoting the sustainable development of this indigenous pig population.
Tunchang pig is one population of Hainan pig in the Hainan Province of China, with the characteristics of delicious meat, strong adaptability, and high resistance to diseases. To explore the genetic diversity and population structure of Tunchang pigs and uncover their germplasm characteristics, 10 unrelated Tunchang pigs were re-sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq 150 bp paired-end platform with an average depth of 10×. Sequencing data from 36 individuals of 7 other pig breeds (including 4 local Chinese pig breeds (5 Jinhua, 5 Meishan, 5 Rongchang, and 6 Wuzhishan), and 3 commonly used commercial pig breeds (5 Duorc, 5 Landrace, and 5 Large White)) were downloaded from the NCBI public database. After analysis of genetic diversity and population structure, it has been found that compared to commercial pigs, Tunchang pigs have higher genetic diversity and are genetically close to native Chinese breeds. Three methods, FST, θπ, and XP-EHH, were used to detect selection signals for three breeds of pigs: Tunchang, Duroc, and Landrace. A total of 2117 significantly selected regions and 201 candidate genes were screened. Gene enrichment analysis showed that candidate genes were mainly associated with good adaptability, disease resistance, and lipid metabolism traits. Finally, further screening was conducted to identify potential candidate genes related to phenotypic traits, including meat quality (SELENOV, CBR4, TNNT1, TNNT3, VPS13A, PLD3, SRFBP1, and SSPN), immune regulation (CD48, FBL, PTPRH, GNA14, LOX, SLAMF6, CALCOCO1, IRGC, and ZNF667), growth and development (SYT5, PRX, PPP1R12C, and SMG9), reproduction (LGALS13 and EPG5), vision (SLC9A8 and KCNV2), energy metabolism (ATP5G2), cell migration (EPS8L1), and olfaction (GRK3). In summary, our research results provide a genomic overview of the genetic variation, genetic diversity, and population structure of the Tunchang pig population, which will be valuable for breeding and conservation of Tunchang pigs in the future.
Tarim Basin has undergone an intricate tectonic evolution history ever since its formation from two discrete terranes in Neoproterozoic rather than in the Paleoproterozoic. More precisely, the amalgamation is assumed to happen during 1.0-0.8 Ga based on plate affinity. As the beginning of a unified Tarim block, studies of Tarim Basin in the Precambrian are basic and important. After the amalgamation of south and north paleo-Tarim terranes, Tarim block was experiencing a complicated tectonic process of being affected by mantle plume related to the breakup of Rodinia supercontinent in the south, and compressed by the Circum-Rodinia Subduction System in the north. The breakup of Rodinia supercontinent finished in the late Sinian Period, leading Kudi Ocean and Altyn Ocean to open and separating Tarim block from itself. According to the residual strata thickness, drilling data, and lithofacies distribution, the proto-type basin and tectono-paleogeographic maps of Tarim Basin in the late Nanhua Period and Sinian Period are reconstructed. With these maps, the characteristics of the rifts are revealed. Two rift systems were developed inside the unified Tarim Basin in the Nanhua Period and Sinian Period, one back-arc rift system in the northern margin and the other aulacogen system in the southern margin. The azimuth distribution of the rifts in Quruqtagh showed a predominant NE-SW trend, and the rifts in Aksu trended mainly NW-SE, while the rifts in Tiekelike trended SW-NE. With a three-dimensional elastic FEM (Finite Element Method) model that includes all rifts and deposited areas in Tarim Basin, applying the southern subduction and northern mantle upwelling properly to get the paleotectonic mian stress axes and the differential stress field, the dynamic mechanisms of rifts evolution are proved to be related to the peripheral tectonic environment mentioned above.
Indigenous pig populations in Hainan Province live in tropical climate conditions and a relatively closed geographical environment, which has contributed to the formation of some excellent characteristics, such as heat tolerance, strong disease resistance and excellent meat quality. Over the past few decades, the number of these pig populations has decreased sharply, largely due to a decrease in growth rate and poor lean meat percentage. For effective conservation of these genetic resources (such as heat tolerance, meat quality and disease resistance), the whole-genome sequencing data of 78 individuals from 3 native Chinese pig populations, including Wuzhishan (WZS), Tunchang (TC) and Dingan (DA), were obtained using a 150 bp paired-end platform, and 25 individuals from two foreign breeds, including Landrace (LR) and Large White (LW), were downloaded from a public database. A total of 28,384,282 SNPs were identified, of which 27,134,233 SNPs were identified in native Chinese pig populations. Both genetic diversity statistics and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis indicated that indigenous pig populations displayed high genetic diversity. The result of population structure implied the uniqueness of each native Chinese pig population. The selection signatures were detected between indigenous pig populations and foreign breeds by using the population differentiation index (FST) method. A total of 359 candidate genes were identified, and some genes may affect characteristics such as immunity (IL-2, IL-21 and ZFYVE16), adaptability (APBA1), reproduction (FGF2, RNF17, ADAD1 and HIPK4), meat quality (ABCA1, ADIG, TLE4 and IRX5), and heat tolerance (VPS13A, HSPA4). Overall, the findings of this study will provide some valuable insights for the future breeding, conservation and utilization of these three Chinese indigenous pig populations.
Wenchang chickens, a native breed in the Hainan province of China, are famous for their meat quality and adaptability to tropical conditions. For effective management and conservation, in the present study, we systematically investigated the characteristics of genetic variations and runs of homozygosity (ROH) along the genome using re-sequenced whole-genome sequencing data from 235 Wenchang chickens. A total of 16,511,769 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 53,506 ROH segments were identified in all individuals, and the ROH of Wenchang chicken were mainly composed of short segments (0-1 megabases (Mb)). On average, 5.664% of the genome was located in ROH segments across the Wenchang chicken samples. According to several parameters, the genetic diversity of the Wenchang chicken was relatively high. The average inbreeding coefficient of Wenchang chickens based on FHOM, FGRM, and FROH was 0.060 ± 0.014, 0.561 ± 0.020, and 0.0566 ± 0.01, respectively. A total of 19 ROH islands containing 393 genes were detected on 9 different autosomes. Some of these genes were putatively associated with growth performance (AMY1a), stress resistance (THEMIS2, PIK3C2B), meat traits (MBTPS1, DLK1, and EPS8L2), and fat deposition (LANCL2, PPARγ). These findings provide a better understanding of the degree of inbreeding in Wenchang chickens and the hereditary basis of the characteristics shaped under selection. These results are valuable for the future breeding, conservation, and utilization of Wenchang and other chicken breeds.
This study demonstrates Ti and Pt co-doping can synergistically improve the PEC performance of the α-Fe2O3 photoanode. By varying the doping methods, the sample with in-situ Ti ex-situ Pt doping (Tii-Pte) exhibits the best performance. It demonstrates that Ti doping in bulk facilities charge separation and Pt doping on the surface further accelerates charge transfer. In contrast, Ti doping on the surface inhibits charge separation, and Pt doping in bulk hinders charge separation and transfer. HCl treatment is used to minimize the onset potential further, while it is favorable for the ex-situ doped α-Fe2O3, which is more efficient on Tie than the Pte-doped ones. On the ex-situ Ti-doped α-Fe2O3 after HCl treatment, anatase TiO2 is probed, suggesting that Ti-O bonds accumulate when Fe-O bonds are partly removed, which enhances the charge transfer in surface states. Unfortunately, HCl treatment also induces lattice defects that are adverse to charge transport, inhibiting the performance of in-situ doped α-Fe2O3 and excessively treated ex-situ doped ones. Coupled with methanol solvothermal treatment and NiOOH/FeOOH cocatalysts loading, the optimized Ti-Pt/Fe2O3 photoanode exhibits an impressive photocurrent density of 2.81 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE and a low onset potential of 0.60 V vs. RHE.
Wenchang (WC) chicken, the only indigenous chicken breed listed in Chinese genetic resources in Hainan province, is well known for its excellent meat quality and is sold all over southeast Asia. In recent years, the number of WC has decreased sharply with considerable variability in the quality at market. To explore the genetic diversity and population structure of WC chickens, the whole-genome data of 235 WC individuals from three conservation farms were obtained using the Illumina 150 bp paired-end platform and used in conjunction with the sequencing data from 123 individuals from other chicken breeds (including eight Chinese indigenous chicken breeds and three foreign or commercial breeds) downloaded from a public database. A total of 12 111 532 SNPs were identified, of which 11 541 878 SNPs were identified in WC. The results of gene enrichment analyses revealed that the SNPs harbored in WC genomes are mainly related to environmental adaptation, disease resistance and meat quality traits. Genetic diversity statistics, quantified by expected heterozygosity, observed heterozygosity, linkage disequilibrium, nucleotide diversity and fixation statistics, indicated that WC displays high genetic diversity compared with other Chinese indigenous chicken breeds. Genetic structure analyses showed that each population displayed great differentiation between WC and the other breeds, indicating the uniqueness of WC. In conclusion, the results of our study provide the first genomic overview of genetic variants, genetic diversity and population structure of WC from three conservation farms. This information will be valuable for the future breeding and conservation of WC and other surveyed populations.
Chickens , Genome , Animals , Chickens/genetics , Chromosome Mapping , China , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Genetic Variation
In the course of consumer behavior, it is necessary to study the relationship between the characteristics of psychological activities and the laws of behavior when consumers acquire and use products or services. With the development of the Internet and mobile terminals, electronic commerce (E-commerce) has become an important form of consumption for people. In order to conduct experiential education in E-commerce combined with consumer behavior, courses to understand consumer satisfaction. From the perspective of E-commerce companies, this study proposes to use artificial intelligence (AI) image recognition technology to recognize and analyze consumer facial expressions. First, it analyzes the way of human-computer interaction (HCI) in the context of E-commerce and obtains consumer satisfaction with the product through HCI technology. Then, a deep neural network (DNN) is used to predict the psychological behavior and consumer psychology of consumers to realize personalized product recommendations. In the course education of consumer behavior, it helps to understand consumer satisfaction and make a reasonable design. The experimental results show that consumers are highly satisfied with the products recommended by the system, and the degree of sanctification reaches 93.2%. It is found that the DNN model can learn consumer behavior rules during evaluation, and its prediction effect is increased by 10% compared with the traditional model, which confirms the effectiveness of the recommendation system under the DNN model. This study provides a reference for consumer psychological behavior analysis based on HCI in the context of AI, which is of great significance to help understand consumer satisfaction in consumer behavior education in the context of E-commerce.
In order to explore the internal connection between information sharing and investment performance in the venture capital network community, this study took environmental-governance start-ups as the research object and used the 2009-2020 environmental-social enterprise start-up venture capital investment events as a data sample. The successful exit rate of the venture capital portfolio and the successful listing rate of investment ventures were used as the measurement criteria. Combined with regression analysis, the relationship between information sharing and investment performance in the venture capital network community was analyzed in detail. Research shows that there are differences between the ways of information sharing in the venture capital network communities. In the regression results, all coefficients are less than 0.01. There is a positive correlation between information sharing and investment performance in the venture capital network community. With the increase in enterprise characteristic variables, the degree of enterprise risk information sharing is getting higher and higher. This ultimately leads to more and more frequent corporate investment performance and a higher possibility of acquisition. Among them, the degree of information sharing in the venture capital network community is relatively high, and venture capital companies that are supported by corporate venture capital institutions will benefit even more from listed capital. Not only was the analysis of the relationship between finance and investment in the venture capital network community pointed out in this research, but also the investment development of entrepreneurial enterprises was also provided with feasible suggestions.
Capital Financing , Investments , Information Dissemination , Organizations
This research was conducted for the purpose of exploring the role of venture capital (VC) based on the heterogeneity of human capital in the process of transforming innovation capabilities of enterprise into enterprise benefits and providing a reference for further research on enterprise performance development. In this study, 399 listed companies that obtained VC before 2018 from the China VC database and Wind China financial database were selected as research objects, and relevant data of patent number, return on equity, Tobin's Q ratio, and research and development (R&D) investment ratio of each enterprise were obtained. Enterprise innovation ability was introduced to construct the relationship model of human-capital VC, enterprise innovation ability, and enterprise benefit, and the relationship between human-capital VC, enterprise innovation ability, and enterprise benefit was analyzed by the multiple-regression model. The results show that the number of patents of invested enterprises has an extremely significant positive correlation with the human capital index (P < 0.001), and a significant positive correlation with the education level of personnel, the proportion of engineering professionals (P < 0.05). The return on equity and Tobin's Q ratio of enterprises have extremely significant positive correlations with the number of patents of invested enterprises (P < 0.001) and have a significant positive correlation with the number of patents of the invested enterprises × education level of the personnel, and the number of patents of the invested enterprises × proportion of engineering professionals (P < 0.05). All in all, the education level of the entrepreneur' s VC human capital and the proportion of engineering professionals can effectively improve the innovation ability of the enterprise, thus indirectly playing a value-added role in the improvement of enterprise benefits. The invested enterprises will also face the problems of scale diseconomy and financing constraint when their profitability is enhanced, so they need to optimize their own business strategies.
