Mixed methods examination of risk perception on vaccination intentions: The perspective of doctor-patient communication.

AIM: From the perspective of doctor-patient communication, this research used multiple methods combined natural language processing (NLP), a cross-sectional survey and an online experiment to investigated how risk perception influenced people's vaccination intention. METHODS: In Study 1, we used Python to crawl 335,045 comments about COVID-19 vaccine published in a social media platform Sina Weibo (equivalent of Twitter in China) from 31 December 2020 to 31 December 2021. Text analysis and sentiment analysis was used to examine how vaccination intention, as measured by linguistic features from the LIWC dictionary, changed with individuals' perceptions of pandemic risk. In Study 2, we adopted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey to further test the relation of risk perception, vaccination intention, trust in physicians, and perceived medical recommendations in a Chinese sample (n = 386). In Study 3, we conducted an online experiment where we recruited 127 participants with high trust in physicians and 127 participants with low trust, and subsequently randomly allocated them into one of three conditions: control, rational recommendation, or perceptual recommendation. RESULTS: Text and sentiment analysis revealed that the use of negative words towards COVID-19 vaccine had a significant decrease at high (vs. low) risk perception level time (Study 1). Trust in physicians mediated the effect of risk perception on vaccination intention and this effect was reinforced for participants with low (vs. high) level of perceived medical recommendation (Study 2), especially for the rational (vs. perceptual) recommendation condition (Study 3). CONCLUSION: Risk perception increased vaccination intention through the mediating effect of trust in physicians and the moderating effect of perceived medical recommendations. Rational (vs. perceptual) recommendation is more effective in increasing intention to get vaccinated in people with low trust in physicians.

Dissociated contributions of working memory and inhibitory control to children's and adults' analogical reasoning: Analogical strategies matter.

This study investigated whether and how each component of working memory (WM) and inhibitory control (IC) is related to analogical reasoning. Specifically, the mediating roles of analogical strategies were examined and compared across children and adults. In total, 79 children (50 girls; M ± SD = 8.43 ± 0.59 years old) and 77 adults (35 female; 19.44 ± 0.82 years old) were administered tests of WM, IC, and analogical reasoning. In addition, participants' eye movement data during the analogical reasoning task were collected to classify the analogical strategies. The results showed that the semantic-constraint strategy completely mediated the relationship between WM (rather than IC) and analogical reasoning for children. However, for adults, the project-first strategy partially mediated the association between IC (rather than WM) and analogical reasoning. These findings reveal the dissociated roles of WM and IC in analogical reasoning through analogical strategies for children and adults and highlight the importance of analogical strategies.

The epidemiological characteristics of pediatric head injury in Hangzhou, China: a retrospective study based on cranial CT examinations.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aims to create a pediatric head injury database based on cranial CT examinations and explore their epidemiologic characteristics. METHODS: Data related to cranial CT examinations of pediatric head injuries from March 2014 to March 2021 were collected at outpatient and emergency department of a pediatric medical center. The causes of injury, observable post-injury symptoms, and cranial injury findings were extracted with the assistance of natural language processing techniques. RESULTS: Reviewing the data from records on 52,821 children with head injuries over a period of 7 years, the most common causes of pediatric head injury were falls (58.3%), traffic accidents (26.0%), smash/crush/strike (13.9%), violence (1.5%) and sports-related incidents (0.3%). Overall, most of those injured were boys which accounting for 62.2% of all cases. Skull fractures most commonly occur in the parietal bone (9.0%), followed by the occipital (5.2%), frontal (3.3%) and temporal bones (3.0%). Most intracranial hemorrhages occurred in epidural (5.8%), followed by subdural (5.1%), subarachnoid (0.9%), intraparenchymal (0.5%) and intraventricular (0.2%) hemorrhages. Spring and autumn showed more events than any other season. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest sample of epidemiological study of head injury in the Chinese pediatric population to date.

Facile preparation of small-sized gold nanoparticle decorated silica nanocomposites and their morphological changes in catalytic reactions.

Due to the unique physicochemical properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) decorated silica nanostructures (SiO2@AuNPs), they show great potential for applications in catalysis, biosensing, optical devices and medicine. It is essential to explore the catalytic effect of SiO2@AuNPs and the understanding of the essential process of catalytic reactions. We have prepared SiO2@AuNPs by loading small-sized AuNPs on surface-modified silica nanospheres. SiO2@AuNPs was used as a catalyst for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in the presence of excess NaBH4, and the results showed that with the increase of the amount of catalyst from 30 to 100µl, the corresponding rate constantKappwas increased from 6.44 × 10-3to 1.45 × 10-2s-1, and its TOF was as high as 1.326 × 103h-1, and the catalytic rate could still be maintained at 87% after five cycles. By analyzing the morphology and size of the SiO2supported AuNPs before and after the catalytic reaction, it can be seen that the atoms on the surface of small-sized AuNPs supported by silica have migrated during the catalytic process, which subsequently affects the catalytic efficiency of the structure. This study proves the good catalytic effect of SiO2@AuNPs structure and lays the foundation for its wider application.

Development and validation of a nomogram for preoperative prediction of immature teratoma in children with teratoma: a retrospective, multicenter, diagnostic study.

Background: Teratomas are the most common germ cell tumors in children, and histologically classified as mature teratomas (MTs) and immature teratomas (ITs). Preoperative IT identification can affect the surgical approach, the type of procedure, and future possible reproductive health. However, there is no complete diagnostic criterion for ITs nowadays. We aimed to establish and validate a nomogram based on clinical and computed tomography (CT) features for preoperative prediction of ITs in children. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 519 teratoma patients from hospital I for training (n=364) and validation (n=155), and 113 patients from hospital II for external validation. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed on the training set to screen risk factors, including alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), age, gender, tumor site, size, tumor composition, calcification and fat. Then, a nomogram was established based on identified risk factors and validated on the validation set. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated in terms of discrimination, calibration and the clinical usefulness. Results: Multivariate logistic regression showed that tumor composition, AFP, age, calcification and fat were independent risk factors for preoperative prediction of IT. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs) for the nomogram on the training set, internal and external validation set were 0.92 (0.88-0.96), 0.91 (0.84-0.97) and 0.92 (0.86-0.97), respectively. The model demonstrated sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 90% at the cut-off value of 0.262. Whatever the set, the calibration curve indicated good calibration. Decision curve analysis (DCA) curves demonstrated that the nomogram had greater net benefits than either the treat-all tactics or the treat-none tactics within a large scope of threshold. Conclusions: The nomogram established based on clinical and CT findings had the favorable accuracy for the preoperative prediction of IT, and may help in clinical decision-making and risk stratification.

Preoperative radiomic signature based on CT images for noninvasive evaluation of localized nephroblastoma in pediatric patients.

Background: Nephron sparing nephrectomy may not reduce the prognosis of nephroblastoma in the absence of involvement of the renal capsule, sinus vessels, and lymph nodes, However, there is no accurate preoperative noninvasive evaluation method at present. Materials and methods: 105 nephroblastoma patients underwent contrast-enhanced CT scan between 2013 and 2020 in our hospital were retrospectively collected, including 59 cases with localized stage and 46 cases with non-localized stage, and then were divided into training cohort (n= 73) and validation cohort (n= 32) according to the order of CT scanning time. After lesion segmentation and data preprocessing, radiomic features were extracted from each volume of interest. The multi-step procedure including Pearson correlation analysis and sequential forward floating selection was performed to produce radiomic signature. Prediction model was constructed using the radiomic signature and Logistic Regression classifier for predicting the localized nephroblastoma in the training cohort. Finally, the model performance was validated in the validation cohort. Results: A total of 1652 radiomic features have been extracted, from which TOP 10 features were selected as the radiomic signature. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the prediction model were 0.796, 0.795, 0.732 and 0.875 for the training cohort respectively, and 0.710, 0.719, 0.611 and 0.857 for the validation cohort respectively. The result comparison with prediction models composed of different machine learning classifiers and different parameters also manifest the effectiveness of our radiomic model. Conclusion: A logistic regression model based on radiomic features extracted from preoperative CT images had good ability to noninvasively predict nephroblastoma without renal capsule, sinus vessel, and lymph node involvement.

Pyruvate and lactate based hydrogel film inhibits UV radiation-induced skin inflammation and oxidative stress.

Solar skin damage is one of the most common diseases among outdoor workers. An important cause for the damage is the ultraviolet and infrared rays in sunlight, which are absorbed by the skin in large amounts, leading to severe skin inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, physical prevention by shielding the light from harmful wavelengths can be an effective method of skin protection from radiation. However, for existing skin lesions, prompt treatment is essential to avoid the aggravation of the injury and promote repair. Therefore, to improve the therapeutic effect on sun-damaged skin, we attempted to design a system with a dual purpose of eliminating toxic free radicals and modulating tissue inflammatory response. Here, we designed and synthesized a poly-acryloyl lysine (P-Ac-Lys) and polyvinyl alcohol-dihydroxyphenylalanine (PVA-DOPA) composite hydrogel (PAL@PVA-DOPA Hydrogel) loaded with lactate and pyruvate, that exhibites a good free radical scavenging activity and an excellent ability to modulate the inflammatory response. Experimental results showe that this hydrogel film could effectively reduce the UV-induced skin inflammation response, alleviate pathological damage and promote the recovery of the damaged skin.

Size, composition, and surface capping-dependent catalytic activity of spherical gold nanoparticles.

Gold nanostructures are used as catalysts in heterogeneous catalytic processes and have intrigued chemists and materials scientists. Isotropic spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are ideal for catalysis due to their simple preparation process, controllable surface-active site, tunable size, and composition-dependent catalytic activity. In this study, spherical AuNPs with different size, composition, and surface capping agents have been prepared, and their catalytic activity in reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) is evaluated. The catalytic activity of AuNPs decreases as their size increases. Meanwhile, the catalytic activity of AuNPs with tartrate as the reducing agent show no evident changes because of containing anisotropic AuNPs. Moreover, silver not only improves monodisperse and spherical AuNPs, but also increases the catalytic activity of small AuNPs. Since the molecular structures of tartrate and citrate are similar, there is no remarkable difference in the catalytic activity of AuNPs using tartrate and citrate as capping agents. These results demonstrate the influence of size, composition, and surface capping on the catalytic activity of AuNPs. Overall, this study facilitates the applicability of gold-based catalyst and AuNPs in plasmonics, nanophotonics, biomedical photonics, and photocatalysis.

Association of meteorological factors with paediatric intussusception in Hangzhou: an 8-year retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the seasonality of paediatric intussusception and the associations between meteorological factors and paediatric intussusception in Hangzhou, as well as aimed to compare the variance in sex and disease type. DESIGN: An 8-year retrospective study was conducted from January 2014 to December 2021 in the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. SETTING: This was a single-centre retrospective study review of intussusception cases in a large Children's Hospital in Hangzhou. PARTICIPANTS: There were 17 674 patients with intussusception in this study. METHODS: A Spearman correlation analysis and Poisson regression analysis were used to determine the association between weekly intussusception cases and meteorological factors. The seasonality of paediatric intussusception was demonstrated via the t-test and visualised. RESULT: In January, May and December, there were relatively more intussusception patients. In February, there was a trough in the number of intussusception patients. Both the Spearman correlation analysis and Poisson regression analysis proved that weekly intussusception cases had significant associations with temperature (λ=-0.205, p<0.01; ß=-0.080, p<0.01), feels-like temperature (λ=-0.214, p<0.01; ß=-0.012, p<0.01), dew (λ=-0.249, p<0.01; ß=0.095, p<0.01), humidity (λ=-0.230, p<0.01; ß=-0.037, p<0.01), precipitation (λ=-0.148, p<0.01; ß=-0.001, p<0.01), windspeed (λ=-0.135, p<0.01; ß=0.005, p<0.01), visibility (λ=-0.206, p<0.01; ß=-0.066, p<0.01), sea level pressure (λ=0.171, p<0.01; ß=-0.004, p<0.01) and a total of 20 of 25 dynamic meteorological factors (p<0.05). These associations reflected gender differences but showed stronger associations in groups that were prone to recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric intussusception in Hangzhou showed a seasonal tendency. Additionally, intussusception was significantly associated with certain meteorological factors in all of the cases. These findings suggest that parents and paediatricians should be more vigilant about the occurrence of intussusception in children regarding seasonal change times and climate change times.

Machine Learning-Based CT Radiomics Method for Identifying the Stage of Wilms Tumor in Children.

Purpose: To develop and validate a machine learning-based CT radiomics method for preoperatively predicting the stages (stage I and non-stage I) of Wilms tumor (WT) in pediatric patients. Methods: A total of 118 patients with WT, who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans in our center between 2014 and 2021, were studied retrospectively and divided into two groups: stage I and non-stage I disease. Patients were randomly divided into training cohorts (n = 94) and test cohorts (n = 24). A total of 1,781 radiomic features from seven feature classes were extracted from preoperative portal venous-phase images of abdominal CT. Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) was used to handle imbalanced datasets, followed by a t-test and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regularization for feature selection. Support Vector Machine (SVM) was deployed using the selected informative features to develop the predicting model. The performance of the model was evaluated according to its accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was also arranged to assess the model performance. Results: The SVM model was fitted with 15 radiomic features obtained by t-test and LASSO concerning WT staging in the training dataset and demonstrated favorable performance in the testing dataset. Cross-validated AUC on the training dataset was 0.79 with a 95 percent confidence interval (CI) of 0.773-0.815 and a coefficient of variation of 3.76%, while AUC on the test dataset was 0.81, and accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.79, 0.87, and 0.69, respectively. Conclusions: The machine learning model of SVM based on radiomic features extracted from CT images accurately predicted WT stage I and non-stage I disease in pediatric patients preoperatively, which provided a rapid and non-invasive way for investigation of WT stages.

Etiologic Profile of Older Children With Diffuse Radiological Changes in Eastern China.

Objective: To analyze the etiology of chest diffuse radiological changes (DRC) in children older than 2 years. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on a primary cohort of children with DRC underwent high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Results: DRC mainly included bronchial wall thickening, interlobular septal thickening, pleural thickening, ground glass opacity, mosaic perfusion, reticular & linear opacities, nodular opacity, and tree-in-bud. Of the identified 457 children with DRC, 83 of children older than 2 years with DRC were included in the present study. Ground glass opacity (53, 63.9%) and reticular & linear opacities (44, 53.0%) were frequently identified findings of HRCT, and no tree-in-bud pattern was observed. By contrast, among children with DRC by M. pneumoniae (n = 64), bronchial wall thickening (33, 51.6%), and mosaic perfusion (17, 26.6%) were common patterns of HRCT in addition to ground glass opacity (36, 56.3%). Most of etiologies were connective tissue disease (24, 28.9%), followed by diffuse alveolar hemorrhage syndrome (9, 10.8%), Langerhans cell histiocytosis (7, 8.4%), and recurrent aspiration (6, 7.2%). Conclusions: This study adds further insights into the role of HRCT in diagnosing childhood interstitial lung diseases, indirectly reflecting disease compositions.

[Progress in Precision Medicine of Radiomics in Abdominal Tumors Practice].

With the advent of the era of artificial intelligence, as an emerging technology, radiomics can extract a large amount of quantitative information describing the physiological condition and phenotypic characteristics of tumors with high throughput from the massive data of CT, MRI and other imaging tomography, and analyze these high-dimensional imaging omics features containing disease pathophysiological information can be used to accurately determine tumor differentiation, staging, and predict tumor behavior, which has broad application prospects. This article aims to introduce the technical principles of radiomics and its abdominal tumor application status, and to prospect its application prospects in pediatric abdominal neuroblastoma.

An Updated Mendelian Randomization Analysis of the Association Between Serum Calcium Levels and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease.

It has been a long time that the relationship between serum calcium levels and Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. Until recently, observational studies have evaluated the association between serum calcium levels and the risk of AD, however, reported inconsistent findings. Meanwhile, a Mendelian randomization (MR) study had been conducted to test the causal association between serum calcium levels and AD risk, however, only selected 6 serum calcium SNPs as the instrumental variables. Hence, these findings should be further verified using additional more genetic variants and large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset to increase the statistical power. Here, we conduct an updated MR analysis of the causal association between serum calcium levels and the risk of AD using a two-stage design. In discovery stage, we conducted a MR analysis using 14 SNPs from serum calcium GWAS dataset (N = 61,079), and AD GWAS dataset (N = 63,926, 21,982 cases, 41,944 cognitively normal controls). All four MR methods including IVW, weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO showed a reduced trend of AD risk with the increased serum calcium levels. In the replication stage, we performed a MR analysis using 166 SNPs from serum calcium GWAS dataset (N = 305,349), and AD GWAS dataset (N = 63,926, 21,982 cases, 41,944 cognitively normal controls). Only the weighted median indicated that genetically increased serum calcium level was associated with the reduced risk of AD. Hence, additional studies are required to investigate these findings.

Immunological Features of Pediatric Interstitial Pneumonia Due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Background: Inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and immunologic mechanism are involved in the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). However, the role of immune system of pediatric interstitial pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae infections remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the immunologic features of pediatric interstitial pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on a primary cohort of children with MPP. Propensity score analysis was performed to match interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary consolidation children. Results: The clinical characteristics strongly associated with the development of interstitial pneumonia were boys, age >5 years, wheezing history, hydrothorax free, lymphocytes (>3.0 × 109/L), CD19+ (>0.9 × 109/L), CD3+ (>2.5 × 109/L), CD4+ (>1.5 × 109/L), CD8+ (>0.9 × 109/L), interleukin-6 (IL-6, <30 pg/ml), IL-10 (<6 pg/ml), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ, <15 pg/ml). After propensity score analysis, children with interstitial pneumonia showed significantly higher CD19+, CD3+, and CD4+ T cell counts, and lower serum IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ levels. The final regression model showed that only CD4+ T cells (>1.5 × 109/L, OR = 2.473), IFN-γ (<15 pg/ml, OR = 2.250), and hydrothorax free (OR = 14.454) were correlated with the development of interstitial pneumonia among children with MPP. Conclusions: The M. pneumoniae-induced interstitial pneumonia showed increased CD4+ T cells and lower serum IFN-γ level. Specific immunologic profiles could be involved in the development of pediatric interstitial pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae infections.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome miR-542-3p suppresses inflammation and prevents cerebral infarction.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral infarction ranks as the second leading cause of disability and death globally, and inflammatory response of glial cells is the main cause of brain damage during cerebral infarction. METHODS: Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can secrete exosomes and contribute to cerebral disease. Here, we would explore the function of MSC-derived exosome in cerebral infarction. RESULTS: Microarray indicated a decrease of miR-542-3p and an increase of Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice comparing with sham mice. And luciferase and RIP analysis indicated a binding of miR-542-3p and TLR4. Then, we injected AAV9-miR-542-3p into paracele of sham or MCAO mice. Functional analysis showed that AAV9-miR-542-3p inhibited infarction area and the number of degenerating neurons and suppressed inflammatory factors' expression and inflammatory cell infiltration. As well, transfection of miR-542-3p mimics into HA1800 cells underwent oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Similarly, overexpression of miR-542-3p alleviated OGD induced cell apoptosis, ROS, and activation of inflammation response. Moreover, miR-542-3p could be packaged into MSCs and secreted into HA1800 cells. The extractive exosome-miR-21-3p treatment relieved MCAO- or OGD-induced cerebral injury and inflammation through targeting TLR4. CONCLUSION: These results confirmed that MSC-derived exosome miR-542-3p prevented ischemia-induced glial cell inflammatory response via inhibiting TLR4. These results suggest possible therapeutic strategies for using exosome delivery of miR-542-3p to cure cerebral ischemic injury.

Imaging features of pharyngeal hairy polyps in infants.

BACKGROUND: Hairy polyps are the most common congenital deformity of the oral-nasopharynx/oral cavity in infants, which may lead to severe complications in the newborns. However, few studies have been published with respect to their radiological features, and most are case reports. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze radiological features of the oral­nasopharyngeal hairy polyps and to identify the radiological features with the highest diagnostic value. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2014 to 2019, pediatric cases pathologically diagnosed as hairy polyps and having received radiological examination at the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University were retrospectively analyzed. Radiological evaluations were conducted on tumor size, location, morphology, density or signal features as well as the enhancement pattern. RESULTS: A total of six infants were recruited. Clinical features observed in these cases included choking on milk with cyanosis, intermittent dyspnea, oropharyngeal mass, and snoring. Lesions were derived from the left tubal torus in three out of six cases, from the left lateral aspect of soft palate in one, from the left lateral pharyngeal wall in one, and from the right tubal torus in one. They were shown as pedicled polyp-like well-circumscribed mass with fat density or signal as well as a stalk on CT or MRI. In the contrast-enhanced scan, the fat components were not enhanced, while the stalk was mildly enhanced. CONCLUSION: Hairy polyps had typical radiological features. Hairy polyps should be considered for pedicled polyp-like well-circumscribed mass in the oral-nasopharynx of infants with fat density or signal as well as a stalk.

Using Spectrum-Effect Relationships Coupled with LC-TOF-MS to Screen Anti-arrhythmic Components of the Total Flavonoids in Hypericum attenuatum Extracts.

This research explored the HPLC fingerprints of Hypericum attenuatum Choisy, which has anti-arrhythmic activity. HPLC was adopted to perform a determination of chemical fingerprints of H. attenuatum specimens acquired through seven distinct sources. The anti-arrhythmic activity of each H. attenuatum sample was obtained through pharmacodynamics experiments in animals. A regression analysis and correlation analysis were utilized to calculate the relationship of the peak and pharmacological effectiveness with the identified peak. Peaks numbered 5, 7, 13 and 14 in the fingerprint were regarded as the likely anti-arrhythmic agents. The fingerprint was compared with reference standards for identification of the correlative peaks. Liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry was applied to identify its structure. As a consequence, a universal model was established for the utilization of HPLC to investigate anti-arrhythmic activity and the spectrum-effect relationship among H. attenuatum. This model is available for the discovery of the major bioactive constituents of Hypericum.