[A multi-dimensional analysis of pollen broadcasting concerns in Chinese population: a large-scale multi-center cross-sectional survey].

Objective: To investigate the concern about pollen broadcasting in Chinese population from multiple dimensions and to understand the information about allergic rhinitis (AR) in China by analyzing related factors. Methods: From March 1 to September 30, 2022, a large-scale multi-center cross-sectional survey was conducted based on the Questionnaire Star platform in 21 Chinese hospitals. A total of 7 056 subjects from 7 regions in China: Northeast, North, East, Central, South, Southwest, and Northwest China were included. Basic characteristics (including social demographic characteristics and disease characteristics of AR patients), concern about pollen broadcasting, the willingness of pollen-induced AR (PiAR) patients to receive pollen broadcasting, and the treatment satisfaction rate of AR patients were collected. The chi-square test, multivariate linear regression model, and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the concern about pollen broadcasting in the Chinese population and related factors from multiple dimensions. Results: Among 7 056 subjects, 23.02% were concerned about pollen broadcasting. Among 3 176 self-reported AR and 1 019 PiAR patients, 25.60% and 39.16% were concerned about pollen broadcasting, respectively, which was higher than that of non-AR or non-PiAR subjects (χ2 value was 21.74 and 175.11, respectively, both P<0.001). Among AR patients, the proportion of spring and autumn allergen-positive patients concerned about pollen broadcasting was higher than that in perennial allergen-positive patients (χ2 value was 20.90 and 19.51, respectively, both P<0.001). The proportion of AR patients with asthma, sinusitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was higher than those without complications (χ2 value was 50.83, 21.97, 56.78, 7.62, respectively, all P<0.05). The proportion of AR patients in North China who could find pollen broadcasting locally was 31.01%, significantly higher than those in other regions (all P<0.05). Multivariate linear regression model analysis showed that among PiAR patients, those with higher per capita household income and higher AR disease cognition levels had been concerned about pollen broadcasting in the past, and those complicated with allergic conjunctivitis had stronger intention to receive pollen broadcasting (B value was 0.24, 0.13, 0.66, 0.47, respectively, all P<0.05). The higher the disease cognition level of PiAR patients, the stronger their willingness to actively participate in treatment (R2=0.72, P<0.001). Only 18.89% of AR patients felt satisfied with the treatment effect. Logistic regression analysis showed that in AR patients, the treatment satisfaction rate was significantly higher among those concerned about pollen broadcasting compared to those who were not (OR=1.83, P<0.001). Conclusions: Currently, the dissemination of pollen broadcasting in China is hindered by various factors such as disease cognition level. The treatment satisfaction among AR patients remains unsatisfactory.

[Incidence and prognosis of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain: a national multi-center survey of 35 566 population].

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.

[Accurate localization and successful treatment of 23 cases of migrating pharynx and cervical esophageal foreign bodies].

Objective: To explore clinical features, diagnosis, localization, and therapeutic strategy of migratory pharyngeal and cervical esophageal foreign bodies. Methods: A total 23 cases of pharyngeal and cervical esophageal migratory foreign bodies were admitted between January 2015 and December 2021. There were 14 females and 9 males with the age ranged from 35 to 82 (55.0±12.7)years. In all the cases, esophageal CT was taken to confirm the esophageal foreign body. Multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) was performed to locate the foreign body from the horizontal, coronal and sagittal dimensions as well as the corrected reconstructed MPR. According to the location of the foreign body, appropriate surgical method was selected.The symptoms, complications, types of foreign body, positioning, surgical methods, and relevant information were recorded.Data were analyzed using the descriptive method and SPSS 25.0 software. Results: The clinical symptoms of 23 migrating esophageal foreign bodies included pharyngodynia (20/23), foreign body sensation (6/23), hoarsenss (1/23), difficulty in turning neck(1/23), difficulty in opening mouth (1/23), fever (7/23), poor appetite (1/23), and abdominal pain (1/23). The foreign bodies included 19 fish bones, 2 wires, 1 embroidery needle and 1 chicken bone. There were 9 cases (39.1%) of foreign bodies located in extraluminal cervical esophagus, 2 cases (8.7%) of foreign bodies located in the muscular layer of the cervical esophagus and 12 cases (52.2%) of foreign bodies located in pharynx. Twenty-one cases of foreign bodies were removed by cervical lateral incision, in which 11 were removed by cervical lateral incision directly, 10 by the second lateral cervical incision after the foreign bodies were accurately located by MPR and/or corrected MPR, 1 foreign body was removed by incision of the pharyngeal mucosa under suspension laryngoscope, 1 foreign body was removed by tracheoscopy. Compared with patients with intraluminal foreign bodies (n=308) treated in the same period, intake of fishbone [19 (19/23) vs. 133 (82.6% (43.2%, 133/308), OR=7.31] and first visit was more than 24 hours [20(87.0%, 20/23) vs. 77(25.0%, 77/308),OR=17.2] were the significant risk factors of migratory esophageal foreign bodies. Conclusions: MPR and the corrected MPR can accurately locate the migrating pharyngeal and cervical esophageal foreign bodies, by providing more intuitive imaging evidence for doctors, which provide imaging basis for formulation of surgical programs. Foreign bodies in pharyngeal and cervical esophagus need to be treated as soon as possible, otherwise they are easy to migrate, leading lead to serious complications.

[Safety and feasibility of stereotactic radiation therapy on porcine ventricular septum: a preliminary study].

Objective: To explore the safety and feasibility of stereotactic radiation therapy (SBRT) strategy for irradiating porcine ventricular septum, see if can provide a preliminary experimental evidence for clinical SBRT in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Methods: Five male pigs (39-49 kg, 6 months old) were used in this study. Pigs were irradiated at doses of 25 Gy (n=2) or 40 Gy (n=3). Delineation of the target volume was achieved under the guidance of 3-dimensional CT image reconstruction, and SBRT was then performed on defined target volume of porcine ventricular septum. Blood biomarkers, electrocardiogram and echocardiography parameters were monitored before and after SBRT. Pathological examination (HE staining, Masson staining) was performed on the target and non-target myocardium at 6 months post SBRT. Results: SBRT was successful and all animals survived to the designed study endpoint (6 months) after SBRT. Serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT) level was significantly higher than the baseline level at 1 day post SBRT, and reduced at 1 week after SBRT, but was still higher than the baseline level(P<0.05). Serum N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was also significantly increased at 1 day post SBRT (P<0.05) and returned to baseline level at 1 week post SBRT. The serum NT-proBNP level was (249±78), (594±37) and (234±46) pg/ml, respectively, and the cTnT was (14±7), (240±40) and (46±34) pg/ml, respectively at baseline, 1 day and 1 week after SBRT in the 40 Gy dose group. The serum NT-proBNP level was (184±20), (451±49) and (209±36) pg/ml, respectively, the cTnT values ​​were (9±1), (176±29) and (89±27) pg/ml, respectively at baseline, 1 day and 1 week after SBRT in the 25 Gy dose group. Both NT-proBNP and cTnT values tended to be higher post SBRT in the 40 Gy dose group as compared with the 25 Gy dose group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The left ventricular ejection fraction and the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter remained unchanged before and after SBRT (P>0.05). The interventricular septum thickness showed a decreasing trend at 6 months after SBRT, but the difference was not statistically significant ((9.54±0.24) mm vs. (9.82±8.00) mm, P>0.05). The flow velocity of the left ventricular outflow tract, and the valve function and morphology were not affected by SBRT. At 6 months after SBRT, HE staining revealed necrosis in the irradiated target area of ​​the myocardium in the 40 Gy dose group and the 25 Gy dose group, and the degree of necrosis in the irradiated interventricular septum was more obvious in the 40 Gy dose group as compared with the 25 Gy group. The combined histological analysis of the two groups showed that the necrotic area of ​​the irradiated target area accounted for (26±9)% of the entire interventricular septum area, which was higher than that of the non-irradiated area (0) (P<0.05). There was no damage or necrosis of myocardial tissue outside the target irradiation area in both groups. The results of Masson staining showed that the percentage area of myocardial fibrosis was significantly higher in the irradiated target area than non-irradiated area ((12.6±5.3)% vs. (2.5±0.8)%, P<0.05). Conclusion: SBRT is safe and feasible for irradiating porcine ventricular septum.

[Incidence of leptospirosis in Fujian province, 2015-2020].

Objective: To analyze the incidence of leptospirosis in Fujian province from 2015 to 2020 and provide the scientific evidences for the risk assessment, prevention and control of leptospirosis. Methods: The incidence data of leptospirosis in Fujian during 2015-2020 were collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention for a descriptive analysis, and software ArcGIS 10.3.1 was used for spatial autocorrelation analysis, and rats were captured in 17 surveillance areas during the same period, and the rat organs were collected for pathogen culture, the level of Leptospira antibody was detected in serum samples of rats, healthy population and the serum samples of patients sent by the hospitals. The infection status of Leptospira in human and rats were analyzed. Results: The incidence of leptospirosis in Fujian showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2020. A total of 176 cases of leptospirosis were reported. There were obvious seasonality and bimodal distribution. The majority of cases were farmers, accounting for 49.43% (87/176). Most cases were aged 30-69 years (85.80%, 151/176). The male to female ratio of the cases was 3.51∶1 (137∶39). Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that leptospirosis had high or low clustering areas. From 2015 to 2020, the average capture rate of rats in 17 surveillance areas was 6.96% (1 519/21 838), Rattus losea, Rattus flavipectus and Niviventer fulvescens were the main species. The average positive rate of Leptospira antibody in rats was 28.64% (252/880). Java and Autumnalis were the predominant serogroups, accounting for 56.75% (143/252) and 17.46% (44/252), respectively. The average positive rate of Leptospira antibody in healthy population was 16.13% (254/1 575), and Autumnalis and Australis were the predominant serogroups, accounting for 71.65% (182/254). The confirmation rate of leptospirosis in patient serum samples sent by the hospitals was 2.23% (188/8 431), Autumnalis (56.38%, 106/188) and Hebdomadis (19.68%, 37/188) were the major serogroups. Conclusions: The incidence of leptospirosis in Fujian showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2020, there were obvious area clustering and seasonality. The high clustering areas were mainly distributed in northern, western and central Fujian. Java and Autumnalis were the predominant serogroups in rats. The infection rate in healthy population decreased year by year. Autumnalis and Hebdomadis were the main serogroups in population in Fujian.

[Predictive value of impedance of leadless pacemaker during implantation on trend changes of pacing threshold].

Objective: To explore the predictive value of the impedance measured during leadless pacemaker Micra implantation on the trend of changes of pacing threshold post implantation. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients who received implantation of leadless pacemaker Micra at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from December 2019 to August 2020 were enrolled. The clinical data and the intraoperative electrical parameters during leadless pacemaker implantation were collected. The impedance and pacing threshold data were analyzed at three time points: immediate release, 5-10 min after release, and after traction test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to analyze the value of the impedance at immediate release on predicting the trend of changes of pacing threshold post implantation. Results: A total of 21 patients (mean age: (72.2±12.5) years, 12 males) were included. The impedance of 21 patients was (798.1±35.3) Ω immediately after implantation, (800.9±35.6) Ω after 5-10 minutes of release, and (883.6±31.7) Ω after traction test. Impedance was similar between the three time points (P>0.05). The threshold was (0.97±0.11) V/0.24 ms immediately after implantation, (0.95±0.12) V/0.24 ms at 5-10 min after the release, and (0.59±0.06) V/0.24 ms after the traction test. The threshold was significantly lower after the traction test than that immediately after release (P=0.003) and than that at 5-10 minutes after release (P=0.008), suggesting a decreased tendency of the threshold over time. According to the analysis of the ROC curve, the immediate impedance after the release ≥680 Ω could predict the ideal pacing threshold after the traction test (AUC=0.989, 95%CI 0.702-0.964, P<0.001), the prediction sensitivity was 87%, and the specificity was 100%. The pacing threshold would be not ideal with the immediate impedance ≤ 520 Ω (95%CI 0.893-1.000, P<0.001), the sensitivity was 100%, and the specificity was 80%. Conclusions: The impedance immediately after the release has predictive value for the changing trend of threshold post leadless pacemaker Micra implantation. Impedance ≥680 Ω immediately after release is often related with ideal pacing threshold after the traction test. In contrast, the impedance ≤ 520 Ω pacing is often related with unsatisfactory threshold after the traction test, therefore, it is recommended to find a new pacing site to achieve the impedance ≥680 Ω immediately after release during leadless pacemaker Micra implantation.

Protective effects of L-carnitine on reproductive capacity in rats with diabetes.

To explore the protective effects of L-carnitine on erectile function and reproductive function in rats with diabetes. A total of 60 male diabetes mellitus induced-erectile dysfunction (DMED) rats were randomly divided into three groups, 20 rats in each group. The blank group was fed normally, the control group was fed with 0.9% sodium chloride solution 5 ml/kg/day, and the experimental group was given L-carnitine 300 mg/kg/day. After six weeks, the Corpus cavernosum penis pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured. The sperm of epididymis were taken to detect the parameters of sperm. After six weeks of treatment, ICP and MAP in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group and blank group (p < 0.05), and sperm density and PR in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group and the blank group (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group and blank group (p < 0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group and blank group (p < 0.05). The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group and blank group (p < 0.05). We conclude that L-carnitine can significantly improve erectile function and reproductive function in rats with diabetes and it has great potential in the treatment of systemic organ damage in DMED rats.

Gout in China, 1990-2017: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to estimate the gout burden and risk factors in China from 1990 to 2017. STUDY DESIGN: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study uses various analytical tools and a diverse set of data sources to generate comparable estimates of deaths and mortality rates broken down by age, sex, cause, year, and geography. METHODS: We used the results from the GBD Study 2017 to compare disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of gout in China. The median of the percentage change and 95% uncertainty intervals were determined for the period between 1990 and 2017. RESULTS: The age-standardized DALY rate, prevalence, and incidence increased 6.92%, 6.88%, and 6.16%, respectively, in China from 1990 to 2017. Although the rates of gout both globally and in China were increasing, the range of change for males in China was larger than that of the global level. All risk factors combined accounted for 30.04% of gout DALYs in 2017. The leading risk factors for gout DALYs were high body mass index and impaired kidney function, and the proportion of high body mass index increased significantly from 10.67% to 24.31%, whereas the proportion of impaired kidney function remained basically unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: The age-standardized DALY rate, prevalence, and incidence in China have increased progressively since 1990. Increasing attention on body weight management should be prioritized for controlling the rising prevalence of gout in the young and middle-aged population.

[Comparison of heart failure and COVID-19 in chest CT features and clinical characteristics].

Objective: To identify the characteristics including clinical features and pulmonary computed tomography (CT) features of heart failure and COVID-19. Methods: This study was a retrospective study. A total of 7 patients with heart failure and 12 patients with COVID-19 in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between December 1, 2019 and February 15, 2020 were enrolled. The baseline clinical and imaging features of the two groups were statistically analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in age and sex between the two groups(both P>0.05), but the incidence of epidemiological contact history, fever or respiratory symptoms in the COVID-19 group was significantly higher than that in the heart failure group (12/12 vs. 0, P<0.001; 12/12 vs. 4/7, P=0.013). While the proportion of cardiovascular diseases and impaired cardiac function was significantly less than that of the heart failure group(2/12 vs.7/7, P<0.001；0 vs.7/7, P<0.001). For imaging features, both groups had ground-glass opacity and thickening of interlobular septum, but the ratio of central and gradient distribution was higher in patients with heart failure than that in patients with COVID-19 (4/7 vs. 1/12, P=0.04). In heart failure group, the ratio of the expansion of pulmonary veins was also higher (3/7 vs. 0，P=0.013), and the lung lesions can be significantly improved after effective anti-heart failure treatment. Besides, there were more cases with rounded morphology in COVID-19 group（9/12 vs. 2/7, P=0.048）. Conclusions: More patients with COVID-19 have epidemiological history and fever or respiratory symptoms. There are significant differences in chest CT features, such as enlargement of pulmonary veins, lesions distribution and morphology between heart failure and COVID-19.

The role of innate lymphoid cells in nasal inflammation and cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently discovered type of innate immune cell. The functions of these cells resemble different T-cell subtypes. These cells play important roles in local injury, inflammation, pathogen infection, or tumours. However, there have been few studies focusing on the role of ILCs in nasal diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the literature about the roles of ILCs in nasal inflammation, tissue remodeling, and cancer. RESULTS: The ILCs represent a newly identified family of innate immune cells. These cells play important roles in inflammation, immune responses, tissue remodeling, and cancer immunity. The ILCs, especially ILC2s, play important roles in CRSwNP and AR. ILC2s may be involved in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic inflammation in non-allergic nasal diseases, such as non-allergic CRSwNP and non-allergic rhinitis. ILCs also play pro-tumor or anti-tumor roles in cancer immunity for head and neck cancer. CONCLUSIONS: LC2s may be a useful therapeutic target for CRSwNP and AR. ILCs may also represent new therapeutic targets to activate anti-tumor immunity in head and neck cancer.

Observation of η-Al41Sm5 reveals motif-aware structural evolution in Al-Sm alloys.

Using an effective genetic algorithm, we uncover the structure of a metastable Al41Sm5 phase that supplements its family sharing similar short-range orders. The phase evolves upon heating an amorphous Al-9.7 at.% Sm ribbon, produced by melt-spinning. The dynamical phase selection is discussed with respect to the structural connections between the short-range packing motifs in the amorphous precursor and those observed in the selected phases. The phase elucidated here is one of several newly discovered large-unit-cell phases found to form during devitrification from the glass in this binary system, further illustrating the power and efficiency of our approach, the important role of structural hierarchy in phase selection, and the richness of the metastable phase landscape accessible from the glassy structure.

A survey of the blood supply in China during 2012-2014.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify the status of the blood supply in China during 2012-2014. BACKGROUND: China is a middle-income country, which contains more than 20% of the world population. Increasing the blood supply in China, along with increased healthcare coverage, involves many challenges. METHODS: A survey questionnaire regarding blood centre activities was sent to all of the blood centres in 32 provinces via the Internet. The data were collected from the responses and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2013. RESULTS: The total supply of whole blood and red blood cells (RBCs) in 2012 was 18 644 700 units; in 2013, 18 985 800 units; and in 2014, 19 658 800 units. A similar trend of the total platelet supply was also observed during the same period of 2012-2014, as follows: 1 019 100 units in 2012, 1 168 400 units in 2013 and 1 276 200 units in 2014. Similarly, the plasma supply was 27 529 300 units in 2012 and 27 657 600 units in 2013, which rose to 28 307 500 units in 2014. The total cryoprecipitate supply was 1 653 900, 1 891 300 and 2 366 500 units in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. When the blood supply was analysed according to the geographic regional population, large differences in the rates of blood supply between regions were evident. CONCLUSIONS: The blood product supply in China is steadily increasing. Blood centres in China continue to face challenges regarding their ability to provide a sufficient blood supply in the future.

[Risk factors for early death in acute myocardial infarction patients complicating with ventricular septal rupture].

Objective: To assess the clinical characteristics and identify the risk factors in the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients complicating with ventricular septal rupture (VSR). Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 96 AMI patients complicating with VSR, who were hospitalized in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Provincial Peoples' Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, the Second Affiliated hospital of University of south China, Xiangtan Central Hospital from December 2007 to May 2017. There were 46 females and the age was (66.2±10.7) years (from 43 to 90 years). Patients were divided into in-hospital survival group (n=64) and in-hospital death group (n=32). The 96 patients were also divided into the early death group (survived ≤2 weeks after admission, n=50) and non-early death group (survived>2 weeks after admission, n=46). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of the early death. Results: Location of VSR was available in 71 patients, VSR was located at the apical or anterior septum near the apical region in 64.0% (32/50) patients with the anterior AMI, VSR was located at the posterior wall and basal inferior segment in 57.1% (12/21) patients with non-anterior AMI. Compared to the in-hospital survival group, patients in the in-hospital death group were older ((69.6±11.3) years vs. (64.6±10.1) years, P=0.031), incidence of non-ventricular aneurysm (71.9% (23/32) vs. 37.5% (24/64), P=0.001) and anterior AMI (84.4%(27/32) vs. 62.5%(40/64), P=0.028) was significantly higher in the in-hospital death group than in the in-hospital survival group. The comparison between the early death group and non-early death group showed that older age, female, no history of angina or myocardial infarction, Killip grade>Ⅲ, and non-ventricular aneurysm were related to increased risk of the early mortality in this patient cohort. Logistic regression analysis revealed that female (OR=5.109,95%CI 1.19-22.00, P=0.012), no history of angina or myocardial infarction (OR=23.34, 95%CI 3.44-158.37, P=0.001), Killip grade>Ⅲ(OR=5.35, 95%CI 1.26-22.66, P=0.019) and non-ventricular aneurysm (OR=6.30,95%CI 1.67-23.73, P=0.005) were independent risk factors for early death in this patient cohort. Conclusion: The risk factors of in-hospital death include older age, non-ventricular aneurysm and anterior AMI. Female, no history of angina or myocardial infarction, Killip grade>Ⅲ and non-ventricular aneurysm are independent risk factors for the early death of AMI patients complicating VSR.

[The advantage and disadvantage of transoral orbotic surgery for parapharyngeal tumors: a systemic review].

Parapharyngeal space tumors are rare. According to the size, location, relationship with the vascular nerves, benign and malignant tumors, different surgical approaches are used. This article reviews surgical techniques, indications, complications and current advantages and disadvantages of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for resection of parapharyngeal space tumors. To provide reference for the application of TORS in parapharyngeal space tumor surgery.

[Targeting diagnosis and treatment value of chelating anti-IL-1ß mAb-SPIONs in temporal lobe epilepsy model].

Objective: In order to study the diagnosis and treatment value of chelating anti-IL-1ß mAb-SPIONs in temporal lobe epilepsy model induced by lithium chlorid and pilocarpine. Methods: Forty-five temporal lobe epilepsy model rats were randomly and equally divided into saline group, plain-SPIONs group, anti-IL-1ß mAb-SPIONs group. Each group was injected with equal particles at day 3 and day 14 after the onset of seizures. MRI were conducteds before and 4 hours after particles injection and T2 values were measured. The distribution of iron particles in the epileptic tissue was observed and the neuronal loss, astrocyte proliferation and microglia activation were detected. The expressions of IL-1ß and NF-κBp65 in each group were detected meanwhile. Results: At day 14 after seizure, the value of T2 was 84±14 after injecting anti-IL-1ß mAb-SPIONs. Compared with the control group, the value of T2 obviously declined. These phenomena of neuron loss, astrocyte proliferation and microglia activation had been improved obviously. IL-1ßand NF-κBp65 expression also significantly reduced. Conclusion: Anti-IL-1ß mAb-SPIONs can penetrate blood brain barrier and plays an important role in targeting positioning and targeting therapy in temporal lobe epilepsy.

[Prospective cohort study on the impact of moderate/severe obstructive sleep apnea on the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction].

Objective: To investigate the impact of moderate/severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction. Methods: We prospectively selected patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who were hospitalized at the Emergency Critical Care Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from June 2015 to May 2017. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were examined with portable sleep respiration monitoring. Patients were divided into moderate/severe OSA group (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)≥15 beats/hour) and no/mild OSA group (AHI<15 beats/hour) according to sleep AHI. The incidence of major adverse cerebrovascular events (MACCE) after discharge was compared between the two groups, and the independent risk factors of MACCE were analyzed. Results: A total of 432 patients were enrolled in this study, including 211 moderate/severe OSA patients (48.8%). Compared with no/mild OSA group,patients with moderate/severe OSA had higher body mass index ((27.17±3.22) kg/m(2) vs. (25.55±3.44) kg/m(2), t=-5.033,P<0.001), higher proportion of history of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (18.5%(39/211) vs. 8.6%(19/221), χ(2)=9.076,P=0.003), and higher proportion of 3-vessel disease (31.3%(66/211) vs. 24.9%(55/221), χ(2)=10.196,P=0.017). The median follow-up time was 1.0 (0.7, 1.7) years. The incidence of MACCE in the moderate/severe OSA and no/mild group was 19.9%(42/211) and 11.3%(25/221), respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a higher cumulative risk of MACCE in patients with moderate/severe OSA (log-rank test,χ(2)=5.467, P=0.019). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that moderate/severe OSA (HR=1.915, 95%CI 1.016-3.611, P=0.045) and diabetes mellitus (HR=1.819, 95%CI 1.022-3.238, P=0.042) were independent risk factors for MACCE at 1 year post discharge in patients with AMI. Conclusions: Nearly half of AMI patients are complicated with moderate/severe OSA in this patient cohort. Coronary artery disease is more severe in AMI patients complicating with moderate/severe OSA. Moderate/severe OSA is an independent risk factor for MACCE at 1 year after discharge in patients with AMI. Whether the prognosis of AMI can be improved by intervention of OSA remains to be investigated. Trial Registration: Clinical Trial.gov, NCT03362385.

[Association between hypothyroidism and sleep breathing disorders in patients with coronary heart disease].

Objective: To explore the association between hypothyroidism and sleep breathing disorders in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: A total of 784 patients with CHD were consecutively enrolled at the Emergency & Critical Care Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from June 2015 to May 2017. According to thyroid function test results, patients were divided into hypothyroidism group (79 cases) and non-hypothyroidism group (705 cases). All patients had undergone sleep monitoring. The sleep apnea status was compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression and linear regression models were used to analyze the association between hypothyroidism and sleep breathing disorders in patients with CHD. Results: The proportion of females, mean body weight and body mass index in the hypothyroidism group were higher than those in the non-hypothyroidism group [26.6% vs.16.2%, (78.6±11.6) kg vs. (75.7±12.0) kg, (27.7±3.2) kg/m(2) vs. (26.6±3.5) kg/m(2), all P<0.05]. Patients in hypothyroidism group had a decreased average oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) compared with patients in non-hypothyroidism group [ (93.2±2.9) % vs. (93.9±2.0) %, P=0.030]. In addition, events of hypoventilation in hypothyroidism group were significantly higher than those in non-hypothyroidism group[92.5 (45.8, 758.3) times vs. 68.0 (33.0, 125.0) times, P=0.013]. There were no significant differences in apnea hypopnea index, diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea and other sleep breathing parameters between the two groups (P>0.05). A multiple linear regression analysis found that in patients with CHD, the correlation between hypothyroidism and average sleep SaO(2) was significant (ß=-0.508, 95%CI -0.989--0.026, P=0.039). Conclusions: CHD patients with hypothyroidism had a lower sleep average SaO(2), and a higher sleep hypopnea events. There is a correlation between hypothyroidism and sleep hypoxia in patients with CHD. Clinical trial registration: clinicalTrials.gov, NCT03362385.